Central Government Organizations Research Articles

The new F-word: The case of fragmentation in Dutch cybersecurity governance

The fragmentation of the Dutch cybersecurity government landscape is a widely discussed phenomenon among politicians, policy makers, and cybersecurity specialists. Remarkably though, a negative narrative is underlying the idea of fragmentation, suggesting that we are dealing with a serious problem. A problem that has the potential of impeding cybersecurity governance in the Netherlands. This research zooms in on how cybersecurity governance is organised within the central government, and which organisations are concerned with the creation, implementation, and oversight of cybersecurity policies vis à vis Dutch society. This article provides an overview of all central government organisations (de Rijksoverheid) that are involved in cybersecurity governance on a strategic level. This research provides the first step in doctoral research into the possible implications of the fragmentation of cybersecurity governance in the Dutch central government, and how this fragmentation could potentially impact policy creation, implementation, and oversight. Based on the mapping of this governance landscape, it set out to measure fragmentation based on the number of units or organisations that are concerned with cybersecurity governance in the central government on a strategic level. This study has found that based on Boyne's (1992) notion of fragmentation and the Dutch governments’ definition of tiers, the Dutch cybersecurity governance landscape could indeed, when meticulously following Boyne's counting procedure, be regarded as fragmented.

Digital Transformation in Public Sector: Case Study on Licensing Services to Start a Business in Pekalongan City

This study had two formulated objectives. First, this study wanted to evaluate the achievements of the digital transformation process in licensing services to start a business in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia. Second, this study also expected to identify the factors that influenced the achievement of the digital transformation process in licensing services to start a business in Pekalongan City. This study used qualitative approach to answer the problem formulation through a case study. Data and information were analyzed using chronological time series analysis techniques. The informants of this research were selected through the snowball method. The results of data and information analysis showed that Pekalongan City was at the e-government stage. Three reasons that justified that the achievement was not at the digital government stage. First, users or citizens had not voiced demand in the digital transformation process. Second, the transformation of internal work processes had not yet taken place. Third, there had not been a shared database sharing process between related agencies either within the Pekalongan City government environment or with central government agencies. The analysis also showed that five factors that influenced the process of digital transformation in licensing services to start a business in Pekalongan City, those were: strategic factors, digital cultural factors, leadership factors, human resource capacity factors, and the role factor of central government organizations.

Organizational reputation in executive politics: Citizen-oriented units in the German federal bureaucracy

In recent years, governments have increased their efforts to strengthen the citizen-orientation in policy design. They have established temporary arenas as well as permanent units inside the machinery of government to integrate citizens into policy formulation, leading to a “laboratorization” of central government organizations. We argue that the evolution and role of these units herald new dynamics in the importance of organizational reputation for executive politics. These actors deviate from the classic palette of organizational units inside the machinery of government and thus require their own reputation vis-à-vis various audiences within and outside their parent organization. Based on a comparative case study of two of these units inside the German federal bureaucracy, we show how ambiguous expectations of their audiences challenge their organizational reputation. Both units resolve these tensions by balancing their weaker professional and procedural reputation with a stronger performative and moral reputation. We conclude that government units aiming to improve citizen orientation in policy design may benefit from engaging with citizens as their external audience to compensate for a weaker reputation in the eyes of their audiences inside the government organization. Points for practitioners Many governments have introduced novel means to strengthen citizen-centered policy design, which has led to an emergence of novel units inside central government that differ from traditional bureaucratic structures and procedures. This study analyzes how these new units may build their organizational reputation vis-à-vis internal and external actors in government policymaking. We show that such units assert themselves primarily based on their performative and moral reputation.

Effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana

Abstract. Dadzie-Paintsil E, Mensah JV. 2022. Effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 94-105. Wetlands play an important role in the livelihood of humankind; on the other hand, the reciprocal gesture on ecosystem protection is on the decline. The result is the loss of wetlands, especially in urban areas. This study examined the effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Western Region Ghana. Therefore, using a mixed-method research design, 358 respondents were sampled from the metropolis to respond to the data collection instruments: questionnaire, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program version 14 was used to facilitate quantitative data analysis, while content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. The major finding was that wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis was affected by urbanization, resulting in the loss of some portions of the wetlands. Furthermore, wetlands were perceived as 'wastelands' which should be used for other use. One major recommendation is that residents should be sensitized by the Metropolis Assembly and the Environmental Protection Agency to appreciate the value of the coastal wetlands in the metropolis. Again, there should be the co-management of the wetland resources and the provision of alternative sources of livelihood by the local authority, central government, and concerned non-governmental organizations.

Practices of Age-Friendly Cities in Turkey

It is predicted that the proportion of the elderly population in the total population will increase. Technological developments, social state development, and innovations in medical science have increased life expectancy. Central state institutions and local government organizations increase the services and expenditures for the elderly population as a requirement of the social state. The concept of an age-friendly city and its applications have gained importance since the 1980s. Municipalities closest to the public have to produce more services to create more suitable and less dangerous areas for elderly people. Municipalities should ensure the active participation of the elderly population in production and consumption activities. It is thus expected to provide services in the fields of education, infrastructure services, health, accessibility and sports. In recent years, the elderly population in developed countries is relatively higher compared to the total population. For this reason, it is usual for age-friendly cities to increase in number and services in developed countries. In this research, the concept of an age-friendly city will be explained in the context of the silver economy and active old age. The basic features of the age-friendly city will be explained. This paper analyses the services provided in selected cities in the world and Turkey in the context of an age-friendly city.

Management Framework for Sustainable Nautical Destination Development: The Case of Montenegro

This paper examined ten main components of a nautical destination and the level of satisfaction with them by the nautical tourists visiting Montenegro. The goal is to propose the strategic management directions for sustainable development of Montenegro as an attractive, new Adriatic and Mediterranean nautical destination. A sample of 609 nautical tourists was examined on different dimensions of Montenegro as a destination; their obtained responses used exploratory factor analysis. All categories of respondents expressed the greatest level of satisfaction with the natural beauties of Montenegro, while being least satisfied with the nature protection. Given that strategic decision-makers are still in the process of considering the options for the development of the researched destination, and that foreign investors have recognised its attractiveness, this paper aims to offer to all stakeholders—the central government, local self-governments, investors, managers and tourism organisations—a framework for sustainable nautical destination management. The survey focuses on satisfaction defined quite broadly, since the aim is to gain an insight into crucial elements threatening the destination’s sustainability to be able, in the next steps, to examine the specificities of the problems detected. An added value is the applicability to similar nautical destinations, which very much like Montenegro, invest considerable efforts in boosting the development of this segment of tourism supply.

Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Ihsannudin, Antriyandarti E. 2022. Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3950-3959. The yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti, Oberholser 1917) is found only on Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Its conservation efforts are now facing hardship due to massive exploitation of their habitat, and stakeholder contribution is essential. The study was conducted on Masakambing Island using a sequential exploratory mixed method design. The results show that based on a ladder of participation, central government, local government, and non-government organization (NGO) are at the second top of the ladder (co-learning), while the community group is at the lower level (cooperation) and the local community at the lowest (compliance ladder). Limited knowledge, resources, and group characteristics contribute to the failure to be at the top level. Meanwhile, the local government, NGO, and community groups achieve a large participation dimension. The central government reaches medium coverage, while the local community has the lowest coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to get support from all stakeholders and put the local community as the main actor using a pragmatic approach. The lack of consideration from the views of older people and community members may add to the complexity of defining financial exploitation, which can result in problems in detection, disclosure, and underreporting of incidences.

정부 신뢰와 민간위탁에 관한 실증분석

As global crisis diversify and the demand for the government increases, the government’s financial burden is also increasing. As the government’s burden and employee’ workload increase, the contracting out of public services also increases. The contracting out between public and private organizations become smooth in the case that the level of trust and collaboration among the central government, local government, private companies, and civil society organizations. This study attempt to empirically analyze the trust in government and the perception of contracting out to private organizations based on 2019 survey data on public officials and public perception survey on public administration.

Under Construction: Local Government Transparency in a New Democracy

The paper argues that understanding the apparent failure of new democracies in establishing transparency as a norm requires a look at how the meaning of transparency is constructed. The argument is illustrated by analysing how local government transparency is shaped in a multi-actor process, under the influence of international policy discourse and domestic factors. Directed qualitative analysis (N = 144) was applied on documents issued by the central government, local governments and third sector organisations. The aspects of this process – sometimes not so positive effects of external pressure, the emphasis on standardisation, and the limited policy capacity of all actors – are identified as relevant to the establishment of transparency as a norm.

Study Of Hydrometeorological Disaster Awareness In Community Of Langsa City

The phenomenon of hydrometeorological disasters almost every year occurs in Langsa City. The disaster in losses for the community and the Langsa city government. To reduce the impact of the disaster, it was necessary to prepare the community in synergy with the government. Langsa Lama and Langsa and East Langsa sub-districts are the areas most frequently affected by hydrometeorological disasters, this is in accordance with data obtained from the Langsa City BPBD. The purpose of this study is to determine the awareness and level of sensitivity of the community to the disaster that will be faced, which can later be taken into consideration by the Langsa City government in reducing disaster risk. This research method is descriptive (survey), data obtained from observation and documentation questionnaires. Data processing techniques are carried out using the Gultman scale. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for a change in the education system. Disaster education is carried out by generalizing education intended to increase awareness training for emerging disasters. To achieve success in disaster training, it is important for the central government, local governments and civil society organizations to work in a coordinated manner. Exercises should be carried out periodically in family and community education, volunteer civilian disaster medical assistance teams should be formed in each ward and pro-disaster collection area transferred to families Disaster education is carried out by generalizing education intended to increase awareness training for emerging disasters. To achieve success in disaster training, it is important for the central government, local governments and civil society organizations to work in a coordinated manner. Exercises should be carried out periodically in family and community education, volunteer civilian disaster medical assistance teams should be formed in each ward and pro-disaster collection area transferred to families Disaster education is carried out by generalizing education intended to increase awareness training for emerging disasters. To achieve success in disaster training, it is important for the central government, local governments and civil society organizations to work in a coordinated manner. Exercises should be carried out periodically in family and community education, volunteer civilian disaster medical assistance teams should be formed in each ward and pro-disaster collection area transferred to families

The Weberian Politics-Administration Dichotomy in Time of Global Crisis: Neutral Competence or Cadre Organizations

The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic placed enormous pressures on local, regional, and national governments to remain responsive, open, and equitable when developing solutions to protect the public. The focus of this article is an examination of these challenges, the insufficient preparedness, and the resulting response to the pandemic through the lens of the Weberian politics-administration dichotomy. Despite the fact that China does not practice a Weberian democratic form of government, the nation has managed to become a global economic powerhouse. Through a high degree of centralized planning, China has implemented market-based economic reforms synchronous with sustained socialist practices. However, this system also presents unique challenges for effective governance. Some of these challenges are the result of the governmental system in China, the relationship between the central government and local cadre organizations. For China to continue to grow as a global leader, leadership will need to balance the pros and cons of the dichotomy between the centralized political planning and the local administration by promoting more flexibility in governance structure and the central-local relationship.

장애인스포츠 신규육성종목 활성화 방안 -파라트라이애슬론 사례를 중심으로-

Based on the Korea Sports Council for the Disabled, this study needs to reflect policy plans that can be achieved in the future through integration, communication, and cooperation between 17 city/province sports associations for the disabled and the Korea Iron Man Triathlon Association, a non-disabled organization. Accordingly, it is necessary to set directions for expanding the base of Paratriathlon, operating stocks, and establishing an operating system, and presenting a roadmap for each stage in the future. Therefore, this study attempts to derive implications by identifying problems through the distribution, competition, and support status of paratriathlon, a new fostering event. Through this, we intend to prepare specific measures that can be activated along with setting directions for improving the operation of new items. First, with high solidarity with central government organizations such as the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, it is necessary to prepare facilities and increase accessibility for the disabled to participate easily and freely in order to revitalize para triathlon. Second, information on continuous information provision and implementation to the disabled should be easily accessible, and awareness should be improved based on this. Third, quality programs should be provided for the disabled to participate in activities.

Investment policy and environmental conservation: a systematic literature review on the form of investment policy and stakeholders role

This research aims to analyze the forms of investment policy that can disrupt environmental conservation and stakeholder role in maintaining environmental conservation. The research method used was a systematic literature review with the following procedures: using keywords in the database to find relevant journal articles, eliminating journals irrelevant with some criteria, and analyzing the findings of journals selected. The research results show that investment policy damaging the environmental conservation is dominated by investment in the energy sector. In addition to the energy sector, another investment policy that can disrupt environmental conservation is investing in the tourism sector; micro-, small-, and medium-scale enterprise (MSME); infrastructure; and plantation sectors. The role of stakeholders participating in environmental conservation efforts due to investment policy builds on local government, central government, and non-government organizations.

A Study on the Establish of Continuous and Long-Term National DISASTER Situation Scenario

Purpose: In this study, national disasters are defined as the occurrence of cascading disasters taking into account the temporal and seasonal situations, including social crisis conditions such as financial crisis, etc. and large-scale natural and social disasters that occurred in Korea in the past. Method: In order to establish national disaster situations, representative disasters and crisis situations that occurred in Korea were summarized, and national disaster situation scenarios were proposed according to time and situation. The damage caused by the establishment of national disaster situations is expected to be unpredictable. In particular, in the case of an economic crisis such as the IMF, the financial condition of the country is poor, so if cascading disasters occur and the disaster situation lasts for a long time, the government’s ability to support may be remarkably difficult. Results: Preparing for such a national disaster is to be able to effectively cope with similar disasters, and the organization of the National Disaster Countermeasure Headquarters was proposed to respond to national disasters. In order to respond efficiently and promptly to national disaster situations, the President should be the head of the headquarters, the National Assembly and the Ministry of Strategy and Finance should be composed of support groups, and the central government organization of 17 departments, 5 offices, 17 government offices, and the head of 17 municipal governments need to be operated as a working organization of the national disaster countermeasure headquarters. Conclusion: In this study, a situation in which the worst disasters occur continuously and in the long term was established, and the situation of national catastrophe was presented as an example. It is absolutely necessary to prepare for such a worst-case situation, and as climate change, social economy become more complex and diversified, and uncertainty about risks increases, it is believed to be helpful to strengthen national response capabilities.

A Study on Recent Schemes and Initiatives of State Government for Promoting Primary Education in Karnataka

Education is an essential instrument of social transformation and economic development. Financing of primary education is of vital importance due to it being a fundamental right in most modern societies. Government spending on primary education in Karnataka has been increasing in recent years to improve access to and quality of education. Also, the Government of Karnataka has introduced many attractive schemes in the state and the support of the Central government and private organizations. The study aims at measuring the effectiveness of such programs on improving the enrolment and access of children at the primary education level in Karnataka.

The two‐community model in the New Zealand housing policy community – A bottom‐up perspective

AbstractThe barriers and tensions between the world of academic research and the policy world have been a recurrent theme in policy research since the 1970s and has gained renewed interest in the light of the evidence‐based policymaking movement. Although there seem to be many good arguments to not exaggerate the gulf between what has been called ‘the two communities’, we will in this article demonstrate the persistence of the model from an inductive, bottom‐up perspective. Based on an empirical and bottom‐up qualitative study with various organised interests (both inside and outside the government) involved in New Zealand housing policy, we demonstrate that although the two‐community model prevails, the actual relationship between academia and policy professionals is more complex once you begin to probe into the minds of the policy professionals and cannot be reduced to two separate tribes. The study is based on focus groups with 15 different organisations representing both central and local government organisations, housing associations, and professional associations within the policy field of housing in New Zealand.

Strategy for Improving the Implementation of Performance Accountability System for Government Institution (SAKIP): A Case Study in the Directorate General of Human Settlements (Ditjen Cipta Karya), the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Indonesia

The Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) is a systematic series of activities as well as tools and procedures designed to determine, measure, collect data, classify, summarize, and report the accountability and the improvement of government agency performance to the government. The level of performance accountability of the Directorate General of Human Settlements (Cipta Karya), the Ministry of Public Works and Housing from 2015-2019 experienced fluctuation indicating that the organizational performance management is considered not optimal. Therefore, this study elucidates the implementation of performance management (SAKIP), analyzes the root cause, and formulates a strategy to improve the implementation of SAKIP at the Directorate General of Human Settlements (Cipta Karya), the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. This qualitative research employed a case study. The result of this study revealed that the implementation of SAKIP has not run optimally with eight repeated problems as seen from the evaluation conducted by the Inspectorate General. The root causes of SAKIP implementation are the programs based on presidential directive (budgeted), no regulations/Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) related to SAKIP, no performance cascading, non-integrated information systems, leadership awareness, and evaluator capacity. The strategy for improving the implementation of SAKIP includes solving performance measurement, drafting rules/SOP related to SAKIP, constructing the performance tree, integrating information systems, and SAKIP training for leaders and evaluators. The performance management issues for each organization are different. Thus, future researchers are expected to conduct further research related to performance management in various central and local government organizations. Keywords: Performance Management, Accountability, Government, SAKIP, Strategy.

Challenges for the smartification of Kazakhstan cities: evolution of models of city development governance in the framework of democratization

Urban governance is a multidimensional process, based on planning, allocation of limited resources, implementation of current and investment tasks, monitoring and control. The management processes involve stakeholders with different interests, role, and degree of involvement in management. At the institutional level, there are central government organizations that provide the parameters of urban policy on a country scale, city politicians and managers responsible for managing all urban systems and the citizens themselves. The inconsistency of interests and plans reduces the attractiveness of the city, can lead to an increase in the cost of living, an outflow of population. This article discusses how the concept of a smart city can affect the quality of management and improve the quality of decisions. Case of Kazakhstan cities allows us to conclude that the quality of management and interaction of participants affects the sustainability of the city's development in all areas of development. Good governance affects economy, lifestyle and living conditions, attractiveness for living. In turn, new opportunities used by citizens to influence policies create the sustainability in city's development.

The Implication of the Strategic Implementation Style and Middle Management Effort in Public Organization Strategic Management Implementation and Its Organizational Performance

Strategic management implementation in public sector study has nowadays become the most commonly researched area among public administration scholars and researchers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no attempt to investigate the influence of the implementation style and the middle management on the Strategic Management Implementation (SMI) and organizational performance (OP). There is a paucity of studies that have been undertaken in developing countries. This study aims to fulfil this research gap, investigated in the moderated mediation effect of the combination of the implementation style and middle management effort in the relationship between SMI and OP. The study data was collected on a sample of 468 public managers in the Togolese central government organizations. The findings show that public organisations that opt for logical implementation style in its program implementation result in a non-significant estimate at the mean and 1SD below the middle management effort (W). However, in the organization that applies incremental implementation style in its program implementation, the estimates at mean, 1SD below and 1SD above the mean of the W are all statistically significant. Developing country public sector organisations characterized by traditional bureaucracy and lack of administrative reform program implementation that opt for logical implementation style will likely decrease performance.

Higher education in China: Institutions and mechanisms of the state and party management

The higher education of China has achieved significant results in recent years. Therefore, it is important to study management of this system and basic mechanisms used by the party and state institutions. The article is based on the analysis of open data sources, including official documents on the development of the higher education (laws, national programs, projects and plans), and the results of the Russian and Chinese scientific research. The authors consider state and party institutions as a unified system of the education system management: central and local party institutions, party organizations of the central and local government and primary organizations of the party (CPC), central and local executive authorities of the state. Party institutions of the higher education management include executive bodies of the CPC and the local provincial party committees, party organizations of the central and local governments (Ministry of Education and other State Councils structures, local peoples governments) and primary party committees of universities. State administrative bodies in the higher education include central (State Council of the PRC including Ministry of Education and other institutions) and local administrative bodies (local peoples governments, including education committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the central government). The main mechanism that determines activities of the party bodies and the state university management system consists of special projects and plans. The authors present five main plans for the development of the higher education system in China and identify their features and goals.