Central Corneal Thickness Values Research Articles

Effect of intraocular pressure control on central corneal thickness, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length in primary congenital glaucoma

To assess the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) control on central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), and axial length (AL) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The medical records of children under 10 years of age surgically treated for PCG from 2003 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with IOP of ≤12 mm Hg with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up. Pre- and post-treatment IOP, CCT, HCD, and AL values were correlated and compared with those of healthy age-matched controls. A total of 131 controls and 20 patients (12 bilateral; 8 unilateral) were included. Mean follow-up was 32.4 months. In 24 eyes IOP was controlled by 1 trabeculotomy, with 6 eyes requiring antiglaucoma medication; in 5 eyes, by 2 trabeculotomies, without medication; and in 3 eyes, by 2 trabeculotomies plus 1 with mitomycin-C and 2 eyes requiring antiglaucomatous medication. The mean IOP was 15.69 ± 5.31 mm Hg preoperatively and 6.16 ± 2.42 mm Hg at final follow-up. Mean pre- and postoperative CCT values were, respectively, 614.38 ± 89.41 μm and 548.56 ± 63.12 μm; HCD, 13.45 ± 1.00 mm and 13.98 ± 1.01 mm, respectively; AL, 24.57 ± 2.71 mm and 25.37 ± 2.66 mm, respectively. All differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.002). In 40% of patients, post-treatment CCT values were comparable to those of controls; in 6.2%, HCD measurements; and in 26%, AL measurements. Pre- and post-treatment measurements were positively correlated (P ≤ 0.009). Controlling IOP had a positive effect on the CCT, HCD, and AL in patients with congenital glaucoma.

Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in captive black-footed penguins (Spheniscus dermersus).

To determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) by ultrasonic pachymetry and the effect of these values on the measurements of intraocular pressures (IOP) with rebound tonometry (TonoVet(®) ) in a captive flock of black-footed penguins (Spheniscus dermersus). Variations in CCT by age and weight, and variations in IOP by age were compared. Both eyes of 18 clinically normal black-footed penguins (Spheniscus dermersus) were used. The IOP was measured by the TonoVet(®) in both eyes of all the penguins. CTT measurements were performed 5min later in all eyes using an ultrasound pachymeter. The mean IOP values±SD were 31.77±3.3mm Hg (range of mean value: 24-38). The mean CCT values were 384.08±30.9μm (range of mean value: 319-454). There was no correlation between IOP and CCT values (P=0.125). There was no difference in CCT measurements by age (P=0.122) or weight (P=0.779). A correlation was observed (P=0.032) between IOP values and age. The coefficient of correlation was negative (ρ=-0.207). Ultrasound pachymetry has shown to be a reliable and easy technique to measure CCT in penguins. No correlation was observed between IOP and CCT values in this study. IOP showed a significant but weak decrease as age increased in the black-footed penguin.

The Impact of Pupillary Dilation on Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Segment Morphology in Subjects with and without Pseudoexfoliation

Purpose: To investigate the change in pre- and post-dilation anterior segment parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients with and without pseudoexfoliation, after topical application of phenylephrine HCl 10% and tropicamide 1%.Materials and methods: Totally 129 eyes of 129 patients were included in the study. Of the 129 eyes; 31 had pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS), 37 had pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), 31 eyes were the fellow eyes of subjects with unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome (subclinical PXS) and 30 eyes were the eyes of subjects without PXS (controls). Patients underwent Pentacam analysis and IOP measurement before and after dilation. The changes in IOP, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), central corneal thickness (CCT) and pupillary diameter (PD) were investigated 30 min after the application of mydriatic agents.Results: The mean change of IOP in eyes with PXS, in eyes with PXG, in eyes with subclinical PXS and eyes of control subjects were 1.45 ± 2.03 mmhg, 0.27 ± 2.25 mmhg, −0.35 ± 1.58 mmHg and −1.06 ± 1.59mmHg, respectively. Post-dilation IOP values were lower (p = 0.001) in eyes of controls but higher (p < 0.001) in eyes of PXS than the pre-dilation levels. All patients exhibited statistically significant increase in ACD, ACV and PD after the dilation procedure (p < 0.001). Additionally, post dilation CCT values were significantly lower than pre-dilation values in all groups; the difference was statistically significant only for eyes with PXG, eyes with subclinical PXS and eyes of controls.Conclusion: Eyes with PXS had a higher tendency of IOP elevation after pupillary dilation. Eyes with subclinical PXS, however, exhibited a minor increase in IOP, reflecting the asymmetrical character of the disease. Anti-glaucoma medications may have blunted any IOP elevation induced by pupillary dilation in eyes with PXG.

Influence of age and gender on corneal biomechanical properties in a healthy Italian population.

The aim of this study was to assess corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) in healthy subjects, to evaluate the relationship with age, and to investigate possible associations with other ocular factors. Four hundred Italian subjects (male-to-female ratio, 168:232; mean age, 58.8 ± 17.2 years) were included and divided into 5 subgroups based on age. CH, CRF, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured by using the Ocular Response Analyzer and the integrated handheld pachymeter, and their relationship with gender, age, and ocular factors was evaluated. The mean CH, CRF, and CCT values were 10 ± 1.6 mm Hg, 10.5 ± 1.7 mm Hg, and 532.2 μm, respectively. Women had a lower mean CH (9.9 vs. 10.2 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and CRF (10.3 vs. 10.8 mm Hg; P = 0.03) than did men. The youngest subjects had the highest CH (11.2 ± 1.5 mm Hg), whereas the oldest patients had the lowest CH values (9 ± 1.1 mm Hg). No significant differences in CRF were observed between age groups. CH and CRF showed a positive correlation (r = 0.58; P < 0.001), and both had a positive association with CCT (r = 0.27; P < 0.001 and r = 0.57; P < 0.001, respectively). The strongest correlations were observed between Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal-compensated IOP (r = 0.68; P < 0.001) and between Goldmann-correlated IOP and Goldmann applanation tonometry (r = 0.88; P < 0.001). Gender and advancing age may influence corneal biomechanical properties. In our population, CH decreased with aging, and men demonstrated a higher CH and CRF than women did. Further, CH, CRF, and CCT were significantly related.

Correlation analysis between central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in juveniles in Northern China: the Jinan city eye study.

PurposeTo determine the distributions and relation of central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) by NT-530P in Chinese juveniles, and the effect of gender, age, height, weight and refractive errors on the CTT and IOP.MethodsCCT and IOP of 982 eyes in 514 juveniles aged from 7 to 18 years were measured with NT-530P. Multi-linear regression and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the relation of CCT and IOP, and the effect of gender, age, height, weight, refractive condition on CCT and IOP respectively.ResultsThe mean CCT and IOP were 554.19±35.46 µm and 15.31±2.57 mmHg. There were significant correlations between the CCT and IOP values. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between CCT and IOP (r = 0.44, P<0.05). Linear regression equation: IOP = −2.35+0.032CCT, which means the IOP will increase 0.32 mm Hg for every 10-µm increase in CCT. The mean of Corrected IOP (CIOP) was 15.32±2.38 mmHg and had no relation with CCT. There was a negative correlation between refraction degree and CCT (P<0.05), but no correlation between refraction degree and IOP. Multi-linear regression model revealed that the height, weight, age and gender have no effect on the distribution of CCT and IOP respectively.ConclusionsThere is a 0.32 mmHg increase in IOP for every 10-µm increase in CCT. The height, weight, age and gender has no effect on the distribution of CCT and IOP. CCT will become thinner with myopia diopters increases in juveniles. The measurement of CCT is helpful in evaluating the actual IOP correctly.

Comparative study of anterior segment measurement with rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer and optical low coherence reflectometry

AbstractPurpose The aim of the study was to compare the anterior segment measurements obtained with optical low coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900, version 1.1, Haag‐Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) and rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer (Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer versión 3, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland).Methods Prospective, comparative, observational study in which 59 eyes of 30 patients who needed a preoperative study for a refractive procedure or cataract surgery were studied with both the Lenstar 900 and Galilei systems. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), horizontal limbal distance (white‐to‐white distance; WTW), pupil diameter (PD), as well as the keratometric readings at the steepest meridian (Ks), the flattest meridian (Kf), the corneal astigmatism power, and the plus astigmatic cylinder axis were measured. Degree of agreement between Ks, Kf, astigmatism power, cylinder axis, CCT, ACD, WTW and PD were the main outcome measures.Results Ks, Kf, corneal astigmatism power, cylinder axis, and WTW measurements with the Lenstar and the Galilei system showed narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA), which implies good agreement (p&gt;0.05, Bland‐Altman plot analysis). In contrast, range and 95% LoA were significantly different for CCT, ACD and PD values (p&lt;0.05, Bland‐Altman plot analysis).Conclusion In clinical practice, the Lenstar and the Galilei system can be used interchangeably for WTW measurements and K readings but not for CCT, ACD and PD values.

Comparison of pre-operative central corneal thickness in pediatric cataract cases versus normal.

To compare the pre-operative central corneal thickness (CCT) in paediatric cataract patients with reference to normal control group. A case control study. Paediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital (ASTEH), Rawalpindi, from November 2009 to May 2010. The study included 116 subjects with equal number of cases and controls. Demographic profile of all the subjects was noted followed by history and detailed ophthalmic examination. CCT was measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter (model Pac Scan 300). The mean of three measurements from the central cornea were recorded in microns. RESULTS were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Mean CCT values of the cases was 566.83 ± 37.646 microns while the control group had a mean CCT of 535.81 ± 24.466 microns. Difference between the CCT values of the two groups was highly significant (p < 0.001). Eyes with congenital cataracts have greater CCT values as compared to normal paediatric population. This factor must be kept in mind while interpreting intra-ocular pressure in such patients.

Central corneal thickness measurements in premature infants.

To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of premature infants. The premature infants who were born between 25-34wk of gestational age (GA) were retrieved for the study. All CCT measurements were performed within the first 2d of their life under topical anesthesia by using an ultrasonic pachymeter. The mean CCT of 200 eyes was 647.79±63.94 µm. The mean CCT of the right and left eyes were similar (647.30±64.72 µm and 648.29±63.47 µm consecutively). The mean CCT of the girls was 642.08±54.89 µm and the boys was 653.07±71.14 µm, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). But there was a negative correlation of the CCT with GA and birth weight (BW) (P<0.01). The CCT values of premature babies were negatively correlated with GA and BW.

Comparison and Evaluation of Central Corneal Thickness Using 2 New Noncontact Specular Microscopes and Conventional Pachymetry Devices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in normal eyes using 2 new noncontact specular microscopes (NCSMs) EM-3000 (Tomey, Japan) and SP-02 (CSO, Italy) and to compare the results with those obtained from an SP-3000P NCSM (Topcon, Japan) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). Seventy subjects were enrolled in a prospective study. A single experienced ophthalmologist performed tests with each of the 4 instruments. Measurements were obtained in the right eye during the same session. The testing sequence of the NCSM was randomly selected. After performing noncontact examinations, the USP was performed to derive the CCT measurements. Intraoperator repeatability was analyzed using within-subject coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients. The agreement between NCSMs or NCSM and USP was assessed with Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). The mean CCT values measured by SP-3000P, EM-3000, SP-02, and USP were 513.66 ± 33.14 μm, 529.12 ± 33.22 μm, 549.06 ± 40.27 μm, and 539.01 ± 35.73 μm, respectively. All coefficients of variation were <1.3%, and the intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.95. There were statistically significant differences between any 2 devices as determined by CCT measurements. The mean difference between paired comparisons was >9 μm. The 95% LoA ranges were broad, and the greatest 95% LoA was found to exist between SP-3000P and SP-02. The new NCSMs and USP all show a high intraoperator repeatability for CCT measurements in normal eyes. However, interdevice agreement was poor and prevented the comparison of CCT measurements taken with different instruments.

Corneal thickness in children with growth hormone deficiency: The effect of GH treatment

ObjectiveThe eye represents a target site for GH action, although few data are available in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Our aim was to evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) values in GHD children to assess the role played by GHD or GH treatment on these parameters. DesignIn 74 prepubertal GHD children (51M, 23F, aged 10.4±2.4years) we measured CCT and IOP before and after 12months of treatment. A baseline evaluation was also made in 50 healthy children matched for age, gender and body mass index. The study outcome considered CCT and IOP during treatment and their correlations with biochemical and auxological data. ResultsNo difference in CCT and IOP between GHD children at baseline and controls was found (all p>0.005). GHD children after 12months of therapy showed greater CCT (564.7±13.1μm) than both baseline values (535.7±17μm; p<0.001) and control subjects (536.2±12.5μm; p<0.001), with a concomitantly higher corrected mean IOP (15.6±0.7mmHg; p<0.001) than both baseline (12.5±0.8mmHg; p<0.001) and controls (12.3±0.5mmHg; p<0.001), without correlation with auxological and biochemical parameters. Conclusions12months of GH treatment in children with GHD, regardless of auxological and biochemical data, affect CCT and IOP. Our findings suggest careful ocular evaluation in these patients to prevent undesirable side effects during the follow-up.

Central and midperipheral corneal thickness measured with Scheimpflug imaging and optical coherence tomography.

PurposeTo compare corneal thickness measurements using Pentacam (Oculus, Germany), Sirius (CSO, Italy), Galilei (Ziemer, Switzerland), and RTVue-100 OCT (Optovue Inc., USA).MethodsSixty-six eyes of 66 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Three consecutive measurements were performed with each device. The mean value of the three measurements was used for subsequent analysis. Central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), and midperipheral corneal thickness (MPCT; measured at superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal locations with a distance of 1 mm (CT2mm) or 2.5 mm (CT5mm) from the corneal apex) were analyzed. Differences and agreement between measurements were assessed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bland-Altman analyses, respectively.ResultsStatistically significant differences (p<0.001) among the four devices were revealed in CCT, TCT and CT2mmmeasurements. The CCT, TCT, and CT2mm values were ranked from the thickest to the thinnest as follows: Galilei>Sirius>Pentacam>RTVue OCT. For these measurements, agreement between measurements by Sirius and Pentacam was good, whereas Galilei overestimated and RTVue underestimated corneal thickness compared to Sirius and Pentacam. As regards CT5mm measurements, Pentacam provided the largest values, whereas RTVue OCT yielded the smallest values. Agreement of the CT5mm measurements was good between the Pentacam, Sirius, moderate between Galilei and the other two Scheimpflug systems, and poor between the RTVue OCT and the remaining devices.ConclusionsThe Pentacam and Sirius can be used interchangeably for CCT measurements, while the Galilei and RTVue systematically over- and underestimate CCT, respectively. The three Scheimpflug cameras, but not the RTVue, may be used interchangeably for MPCT measurements.

Comparison of anterior segment measurements with optical low-coherence reflectometry and rotating dual Scheimpflug analysis

To compare the anterior segment measurements obtained with optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) (Lenstar LS 900, version 2.1.1) and rotating dual Scheimpflug analysis (Galilei G1, version 3). Private practice, Policlinic Lleida, Lleida, Spain. Prospective comparative observational study. The following measurements were performed in patients requiring a preoperative study for a refractive procedure or cataract surgery and healthy volunteers from the clinic's staff: central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), horizontal limbal distance (white-to-white distance [WTW]), pupil diameter, keratometry (K) readings at the steepest meridian (steep K) and the flattest meridian (flat K), corneal astigmatism power, and plus astigmatic cylinder. Measurements were taken using the OLCR device and rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer. The main outcome measure was the degree of agreement between steep K, flat K, astigmatism power, cylinder axis, CCT, ACD, WTW, and pupil diameter measurements. The study enrolled 100 eyes of 100 subjects. Steep K, flat K, corneal astigmatism power, cylinder axis, and WTW measurements with the OLCR device and Scheimpflug analyzer showed narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA), which implies good agreement (P>.05, Bland-Altman plot analysis). In contrast, the range and 95% LoA for CCT, ACD, and pupil diameter values were statistically significantly different (P<.05, Bland-Altman plot analysis). In clinical practice, the OLCR device and the rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer system can be used interchangeably for WTW measurements and K readings but not for CCT, ACD, and pupil diameter values. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Evaluation of anterior segment parameters and possible influencing factors in normal subjects using a dual Scheimpflug analyzer.

PurposeTo investigate normal anterior segment parameters and analyze the possible influencing factors using a dual Scheimpflug system.SettingDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.DesignA prospective observational case series.MethodsA total of 153 normal subjects (153 eyes) were studied. The anterior segment parameters, including the central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter (PD), keratoconus prediction index (KPI), simulated keratometry (SimK) values, anterior instantaneous curvature (AIC), posterior axial curvature (PAC), corneal eccentricity, total corneal power (TCP), axial curvature (AC), total corneal wavefront (TCW), high order aberration (HOA), and spherical aberration (SA), were determined using a dual Scheimpflug analyzer.ResultsThe CCT and ACD were both negatively correlated with age (r = −0.203, p = 0.012; r = −0.589, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the refractive indices of AIC and SimK. Compared with the negative correlation of HOA and SA (r = −0.358, p<0.001), a positive correlation was found between TCW and HOA (r = 0.561, p<0.001). Unlike the decreased tendency of AC, the TCP increased gradually from the center to the periphery in the central 8 mm diameter. TCP showed a significant correlation with AC in the analyzed area.ConclusionsAIC and SimK provide different information in clinic, but the refractive indices of them showed no difference in this healthy study population, and age should be considered when using CCT and ACD values.

Corneal properties in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency.

To compare the corneal parameters of children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency and healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 50 cases with growth hormone (GH) deficiency treated with recombinant GH and 71 healthy children underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by a ultrasonic pachymeter. The mean age was 13.0±3.0 years in the GH deficiency group consisting of 21 females and 29 males and 13.4±2.4 years in the healthy children group consisting of 41 females and 30 males. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for gender or age (Chi-square test, P=0.09; independent t-test, P=0.28, respectively). The mean duration of recombinant GH therapy was 3.8±2.4y in the study group. The mean CH, CRF, IOPg and IOPcc values were 11.0±2.0, 10.9±1.9, 15.1±3.3, and 15.1±3.2 mm Hg respectively in the study group. The same values were 10.7±1.7, 10.5±1.7, 15.2±3.3, and 15.3±3.4 mm Hg respectively in the control group. The mean CCT values were 555.7±40.6, 545.1±32.5 µm in the study and control groups respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for CH, CRF, IOPg, IOPcc measurements or CCT values (independent t-test, P=0.315, 0.286, 0.145, 0.747, 0.13 respectively). Our study suggests that GH deficiency does not have an effect on the corneal parameters and CCT values. This observation could be because of the duration between the beginning of disease and the diagnosis and beginning of GH therapy.

Central corneal thickness and its relationship to Parkinson’s disease severity

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on blink rate (BR), tear breakup time test (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, and corneal thickness, and the relationship of these effects with disease severity. DesignProspective controlled study. ParticipantsFifty-five eyes from 55 patients with PD and 40 eyes from 40 healthy subjects were analyzed in the study. MethodsThe patients were divided into 2 groups according to their Hoehn–Yahr (H-Y) scores; patients classified as H-Y 1–2 were designated as the mild group, and those classified as H-Y 3–5 were designated as the moderate group. Subjects were screened for BR, TBUT, and Schirmer’s test, and the central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured. ResultsThe BR, Schirmer’s test, TBUT, and CCT values of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The BR and TBUT of the mild group were significantly lower than those of the control group, but the decreases in the Schirmer’s test values and CCT were not statistically significant. In addition, significant decreases in the BR, TBUT, Schirmer’s test scores, and CCT were observed in the patient group as the H-Y score increased. ConclusionsA reduced BR and poor tear quality in the early stages of PD, as well as decreased tear production as the disease progresses, can result in reduced CCT. The possibility of a thin cornea should be taken into consideration while measuring the intraocular pressure in patients with severe PD.

Agreement between Central Corneal Thickness Measured Using Pentacam, Ultrasound Pachymetry, Specular Microscopy and Optic Biometer Lenstar LS 900 and the Influence of Intraocular Pressure

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) values obtained by Lenstar (LE), Pentacam (PC), specular microscopy (SM) and ultrasound pachymetry (UP) in healthy corneas and study their influence on intraocular pressure (IOP) readings determined by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods: CCT was measured in 76 healthy subjects by LE, PC, SM and UP. We established Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρ-C) between different techniques. The influence of CCT on GAT was established through univariate linear regression models, IOP being the dependent variable. Results: The highest ρ-C was found between LE and SM at 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.96) and between LE and UP at 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97). IOP readings showed less variability when CCT was determined using LE (7.7%, B = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.004-0.28). Conclusions: Although CCT values obtained with UP, PC, SM and LE show good correlation, these methods are not completely interchangeable. The amount of IOP variation differs when CCT is determined using LE or SM.

Short-term Effects of Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Cornea and Anterior Chamber

Purpose: To determine the short-term effects of single-dose intravitreal bevacizumab injection on central corneal thickness (CCT), simulated keratometry (Sim K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements.Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, interventional clinical trial.Materials and Methods: Forty-three eyes of 43 patients aged between 41 and 78 years (average 62 ± 13 years) received an intravitreal injection of 2.5 mg/0.1 mL bevacizumab. Patients who had not undergone additional intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy within 6 months were included in the study. CCT, Sim K, ACD and ICA measurements were obtained with Sirius Topographer. IOP measurements were taken after topographic measurements with Goldmann applanation tonometer. The CCT, ACD, ICA and IOP measurements were taken before and after 3rd, 15th days and 1st month of intravitreal bevacizumab injection.Results: Pre- and postinjection of 3rd, 15th days and 1st month CCT (p = 0.999), Sim K (p = 0.746), ACD (p = 0.996), ICA (p = 0.632) and IOP (p = 0.707) measurements were not statistically different. Mean CCT (p = 1.000), Sim K (0.972), ACD (p = 0.998), ICA (0.667) and IOP (0.951) values were similar before and after 3rd day of bevacizumab injection. Mean CCT (p = 0.999), Sim K (p = 0.994), ACD (p = 1.000), ICA (p = 0.999) and IOP (p = 1.000) measurements were also similar before and after 15th day of injection. Preinjection and 1st month of postinjection CCT (p = 0.999), Sim K (p = 0.932), ACD (p = 0.998), ICA (p = 1.000) and IOP (p = 0.741) measurements did not change significantly.Conclusions: Single-dose intravitreal bevacizumab injection does not affect CCT, Sim K, ACD, ICA and IOP in short-term period.

The Ocular Biometric Differences of Diabetic Patients

To investigate the differences in ocular biometric and keratometric characteristics in comparison with biometric measurements using the noncontact optical low coherence reflectometer (OLCR) (Lenstar LS 900, Haag-Streit) on diabetic patients. The eyes of 170 patients were included in this study, including 81 diabetic and 89 nondiabetic subjects. Optical biometric measurements of diabetic and nondiabetic patients (between the ages of 25 and 85 years) who applied to the ophthalmology clinic were noted from March to June 2013. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations were done for every subject. Biometric measurements were done using the noncontact OLCR device. Patient age ranged from 29 to 83 years. Subgroup analyses were done in diabetic patients according to their Hba1C levels. The minimum Hba1C value was 5.3, maximum was 12.4, and mean was 7.56 ± 1.48. The median duration of diabetes was 5 years (25th-75th percentile 3.00-11.75). Diabetic patients were found to have thicker lens and shallower anterior chamber in both eyes compared to nondiabetic control subjects. There were no statistical differences between the groups according to central corneal thickness, axial length, or keratometric values in both eyes. However, lens thicknesses were found to be thicker and anterior chamber depth values were found to be shallower in the diabetic group in both eyes. It may useful to determine eyeglasses prescription, refractive surgery calculation, lens selection, and previous cataract surgery according to biometric measurements after the regulation of blood glucose.

Central Corneal Thickness in Mentally Challenged (MC) Children

Purpose: A case-control study to assess central corneal thickness (CCT) values in mentally challenged (MC) children. Participants and Methods: Children with mental disability were enrolled in the study. Age-matched and healthy control subjects from a similar ethnic background were enrolled in the study. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. Six consecutive measurements were made at the center of the cornea of each eye. Only the right eye of each child in each group was included in the statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-seven children in the MC group (14 boys and 13 girls) and 34 age-matched and healthy control subjects (23 boys and 11girls) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 9.74 ± 2.697 years (range 7- 17years). The mean age in control group was 10.2 ± 2.185 years (range, 8-17 years). In the MC group, mean CCT value was 505.76 ± 31.23 mm in the right eye. In the control group, mean CCT value was 528.59 ± 30.35 mm in the right eye. CCT value in the MC group was significantly lesser than in the control group for right eye (P =0.006). Conclusions: Mentally challenged (MC) children had a decreased central corneal thickness compared with healthy control subjects. CCT should be kept in mind during measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) in MC children with because decreased central corneal thickness may give an artificially low intraocular pressure measurement by applanation tonometry.

Corneal biomechanical properties of patients with acromegaly

PurposeGrowth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess in acromegaly have various effects on many organs. The ophthalmologic effects of GH and IGF-1 excess have not yet been investigated...