Ukrainian Center Research Articles

Improving the quality of mathematical education of pupils: diagnostics and analytics

The article considers the problem of the quality of mathematical school education in the context of pupils’ ability to apply the acquired knowledge of mathematics to solve practical problems. It is established that this ability is a clear understanding and awareness of the role of mathematical knowledge in the modern world. It is manifested in the ability to explain natural and scientific phenomena, to draw sound conclusions, to understand the impact of science on human life. The results of a study in which 1849 pupils of Kyiv schools took part are presented. Their ability to apply mathematical knowledge to solve life problems has been established. Examples of mathematical problems developed for testing by specialists of the Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment are given. The typical pupils’ mistakes, as well as the most successful solutions are analyzed. Pedagogical recommendations for improving the quality of mathematics education of pupils in the context of the reform of the “New Ukrainian School” are given.

STEM education in the context of improving the science and mathematics literacy of pupils

The article considers the problem of STEM education in the context of improving the quality of science and mathematics literacy of pupils. The results of the monitoring study conducted by the “OsvitAnalityka” Analytical Center of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University in cooperation with the Kyiv City Educational Agency and the Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment are presented. The state of formation of science and mathematical literacy of pupils as the ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems for the implementation of STEM education has been established. Examples of practice-oriented integrated tasks in geography, chemistry, biology and physics that reveal the possibilities of STEM education are given. The success of the implementation of individual tasks, which involved subject integration and the use of knowledge in practice is analyzed. The most important factors influencing the quality of STEM education are highlighted: professional level of teachers, material and technical and educational-methodical support, motivation of pupils, practice-oriented content of education. As a result of the monitoring study, recommendations were prepared for general secondary education institutions for further implementation of STEM education.

Visualization of demographic statistical data

In this publication, the authors address the content and objectives of demographic data visualization, generalize the most common techniques and tools for demographic data visualization, and share their own experience of testing various statistical visualization practices, namely World Population Dashboard of United Nations Population Fund and Population Reference Bureau. Special emphasis is placed on the implementation of Trendalyzer software, developed by the Swedish Gapminder Foundation, and the experience of demographic statistics visualization via interactive infographics made by Oxford Martin School (a structural unit of the Department of Social Sciences at Oxford University). The presented article evaluates the contribution to the visualization of statistical data made by such Ukrainian organizations as State Statistics Service, public organization “Ukrainian Center for Public Data”, BusinessViews and Top Lead. Outlining the advantages and disadvantages of various visualization practices, the authors argue that “dry” statistics being represent by means of visualization tools such as Trendalyzer and Our World Data may constitute a clear and expressive language of convincing facts that contribute to a holistic demographic worldview.

141 About the perspectives for the implementation of the robson classification on the example of a specialized maternity hospital in a regional center in ukraine

Objective: Development of a strategy for women to obtain a positive pregnancy experience based on an analysis of the frequency of a cesarean section (CS) using the database of the maternity hospital using Robson’s classification. Study design: A retrospective analysis of childbirth histories for 2015-2019. Results: In the analysis of 10,345 cases, it was found that 3598 or 34.78% were delivered by CS. Most often, primary CS was produced in the 2nd (84.45 ± 1.62%), 4th (68.97 ± 4.93%) and 6th (97.08 ± 1.7%) groups and these patients subsequently make up the largest group for secondary CS.

Kharkiv Art Institutions in the period from the 1990s to 2020s.

. Kharkiv is one of the largest art centers in Ukraine. It has always had its own peculiarities. Traditions of avant-garde, constructivism, later underground, the phenomenon of Kharkiv photography, a strong school of design, etc., have determined the development of artistic thought and artistic environment of the city over the past century. After the collapse of the Soviet system, Kharkiv witnessed the transformation of the art system: the development of a new type of art infrastructure, the emergence of a number of art associations and gallery spaces. Over the following decades, new generations of artists appeared on the stage, various initiatives emerged, and the needs of the art community changed, prompting the emergence of new institutions. Their activity and influence on the professional environment are an important part of the history of contemporary art in Kharkiv. The article considers the features of the first private galleries that emerged in the early 1990s, which conditionally can be divided into commercial and non-commercial ones. This convention was caused by the state of the newly emerging art market. The study also investigates which institutions had an impact on the artistic environment in the following decades, and especially those institutions that remained active for a long time with consistent project activity (Municipal Gallery, YermilovCenter, etc.). The contribution of a number of online information platforms, which, by covering art events, help art to be more visible in the context of modern urban culture is also analyzed. Thus, the present article is an attempt to illustrate the dynamics of artistic life in Kharkiv over the past three decades through the prism of art institutions. After all, they did not exist separately, were not a parallel phenomenon, but served as a bridge that united the artist and his works with the audience. In addition, it is important to outline the challenges that exist today and to understand what can be an obstacle in the way of active development of both the institutional and modern artistic environment of Kharkiv.

HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS OF UKRAINE DURING THE WAR: PROSPECTS OF SURVIVAL

Purpose. The aim of the article is to find out the extent of the impact of the war on the domestic hospitality industry and to propose ways to solve some of the problems caused by it. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: methods of analysis and synthesis – when justifying the process of operation of hotels and restaurants; methods of observation and logical generalization – when considering the peculiarities of the functioning of hospitality establishments in the conditions of war. Findings. It was noted that for many institutions the impact of the war was catastrophic and led to the fact that they were forced to stop their work; at the same time, any crisis leads to the emergence of new opportunities. The changes in doing business caused by the war are analyzed. It was found that today the key indicator of the efficiency of the hotel and restaurant business is the absence of losses and facilities that need subsidies. It was noted that the situation is more optimistic in the west and in the center of Ukraine. The main reason for this was the forced and sudden arrival of a large number of internally displaced persons in this region. Despite a significant decline in the first months of the war, today most of the catering establishments of the western and central regions have reached the pre-war level in terms of sales. It has been found that the main problems created by the war for hospitality enterprises are: physical destruction of establishments, disruption of logistics chains, drop in the purchasing power of the population, increase in the cost of production, outflow of qualified workers abroad. Considered possible steps that can be taken by hotel and restaurant establishments in order to maintain their positions in the market, in particular: replacing some ingredients with others, flexibly updating the menu, creating their own supply chains, organizing their own imports, strict control of income and expenses, opening new establishments in in safe regions of Ukraine or abroad, relocation of business to other regions of Ukraine, temporary refusal of marketing activities, change of payment form and work schedules, etc. It is proposed to use the positive experience of the post-war economic recovery of the hotel and restaurant sector in countries such as Croatia, Cyprus, and Georgia. Originality. It has been established that an indicator of the effectiveness of the hotel and restaurant business in the conditions of war is the absence of losses and facilities that need subsidies. In today's conditions of total unpredictability, a combination of two principles will allow companies to survive economically: systematicity (understanding of strategic goals, control system, transparent internal processes and analytics) and flexibility (speed of making creative, non-standard decisions). Practical value. The obtained research results will contribute to the effective reconstruction and restoration of the hotel and restaurant business in the post-war period. Key words: hospitality, hotel and restaurant business, war, crisis, strategies of hotels and restaurants, recovery prospects, ways to overcome the crisis.

ПРОФІЛЬНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ЧИННИК НАДАННЯ ЯКІСНОЇ ПОВНОЇ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

The introduction of profile education (specialized training) in secondary schools ensures differentiated preparation of students at this level of education in accordance with their educational needs, inclinations and abilities, which are determined by orientation to future professional choices. The article is aimed at analyzing trends in the implementation of students' profile education and determining its impact on the results of obtaining high-quality comprehensive general secondary education in Ukraine. Statistical information of reporting forms № 76-RVК "Summary report of general secondary education institutions", № 83-RVК "Report on the number and structure of teaching staff in the general secondary education institutions", summary table № D-5 "Data on educational profiles in general secondary education institutions (without special general secondary education institutions)" and the open database of the Ukrainian Center for the Evaluation of Education Quality were used as the initial data for the study. The article analyzes the pre-war state (2014/2015–2021/2022) of the network of general secondary education institutions (GSEIs), the contingent of students, including those with profile training, and the number of teachers and pensioners teaching subjects. Dynamics and tendencies of development of profile education in Ukraine have been studied and analyzed, and the importance of the influence of a number of factors on the results of the external independent assessment in 2021 has been substantiated (in particular, completion of general secondary education in specialized educational institutions). The best scores in all subjects were obtained by graduates of physical-mathematical, mathematical, chemical-technological, agrochemical, economic and foreign philology. Students who received education in institutions of environmental, technological, sports, military-sports, universal profiles and Ukrainian philology received lower scores in each of the subjects compared to average scores in Ukraine. The main challenges for further reform of the secondary schools in the post-war period include the possibility of reorienting individual schools to provide teaching staff; upgrading teachers' qualifications, taking into account the needs and aspirations of students in the field of education, the suitability of material and technical base of GSEIs for the organization of profile education, etc. And the first steps in the field of educational statistics should be the collection and thorough analysis of data on the existing surviving educational network of each region, and the costs of its restoration and maintenance.

Forecasting the need for palliative and hospice care in Ukraine for 2021–2022

Calculating the need for palliative and hospice care (PHC) is one of the most important aspects of planning national and regional budgets in the field of healthcare for terminally ill patients. According to our calculations, made in accordance with the methodology of the Ukrainian Center for Public Data, in 2018–2020 such a need gradually decreased both among the adult population and among children (from 258,207 in 2018 to 213,739 in 2020 among adults, and from 65,906 to 49,000 among children respectively). However, according to the calculation, the need was still several times higher than the assistance financed by the National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSHU) according to the applications of hospitals submitted to the NHSHU. The conducted research made it possible to clarify the calculation we made earlier and perform forecasting using the trend method for 2021 and 2022. Taking into account the downward trend in need, in 2021 the projected need was 194,537 among adults and 48,261 among children. In 2022, the projected need was 172,303 among adults and 45,517 among children. The marked gradual decrease in both the calculated (in 2018–2020) and predicted (in 2021 and 2022) need for PHC for adults and children, which, unfortunately, we do not associate with the decrease in morbidity associated with the establishment of palliative diagnoses, but with a decrease in the quality of the collection of medical statistical information, on which the calculation of the need for medical assistance is based. The analysis of the forecasting results can be refined in the future according to the forecasts of the number of diseases among adults and children, respectively, for the following years for diseases that correspond to the palliative diagnoses of the calculation. The performed forecasting is the basis for planning the financing of the health care sector. Keywords: palliative and hospice care for children, palliative and hospice care for adults, trend forecasting.

Collector`s Works of Nina Kerimova

Documentation of ethnomusic (which is at the same time the first stage of its research) forms the base of sources of musical folklore (ethnomusicology), which creates the very possibility of all subsequent explorations.
 Ethnic music, as a whole, is formed by the totality of its regional manifestations, each of which must be recorded in sufficient completeness. However, some territories for various reasons even at the end of the twentieth century, were represented on the Ukrainian ethnomusical map very sparsely. It’s a paradox, but Kirovohrad region, located in the center of Ukraine, remained one of the least explored regions. Being a region of relatively late settlement, it was practically ignored by researchers (including ignored by the relevant scientific institutions) as an uninteresting periphery.
 One of those who in the late 1980s gave the start of the modern stage of documenting the musical folklore of the Kirovohrad region, its systematic professional recording, was a graduate of the Kiev Conservatory Nina Kerimova. For ten years of active field work, the collector has recorded nearly 7000 units of musical and ethnographic information from 80 settlements. These materials today make up nearly one third of the twenty-thousand regional audio archive, collected over the past 35 years by the joint efforts of folklorists, professionally engaged in field survey of the presteppe Right Bank and its adjacent steppe and eastern Podolian territories within the Kirovohrad region and the border areas of Cherkasy, Vinnytsia and Dnepropetrovsk regions.
 The purpose of this article is to summarize and make public the information about the nature and results of N. Kerimova’s collector`s activity. A systematized, meaningful, structured, concentrated and formalized approach makes it possible to include materials from her archive into the all-Ukrainian ethnomusical and ethnomusicological information field. Methods used in the article correspond to its set goal: factographic and factological, statistical, analytical and synthetic (the latter reveals patterns in the correlation of elements of an integral system).
 The article provides:
 
 a brief overview of the history of collecting musical folklore in the region;
 basic biographical information about the researcher;
 statistical data on the number and geography of her expeditionary records, specified to the culture-genre content of the materials recorded in each locus; data on respondents (their number, age, origin).
 
 The methods and preferences of the field work are described.
 The professional level of the work is attested, the high degree of scientific value of the collected materials is argued. The audio and musical publications, which include materials from the archive of N. Kerimova are listed.
 The materials collected by N. Kerimova are characterized (a) as a separate hermetic collection-archive, (b) as an important component of the cumulative array of records made in the region and (c) in the context of a holistic view of the region's traditional ethnomusical culture that has been effectively formed nowadays.
 Along the way, the author of the article deals with the issues of cultural-genre classification / attribution of folk musical works, archiving field materials (in particular, methods of passportization and codification of records), as well as the problems of documenting and statistical processing of materials recorded from migrants (local, intraregional, interregional), that were incorporated by the new folklore environment to a greater or lesser extent

Ethnomusicology of Ukraine at The Turn of XX–XXI Centuries (1991–2021):Centers, Pedagogy, Documentation

The restoration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991 created favorable conditions for the powerful development of domestic ethnomusicology. Ukrainian musical folklore research has a long tradition, but for a hundred years the research has been conducted in difficult historical and political realities. This did not contribute to the proper development of folk music research, especially in the Soviet period. The period 1991–2021 is quite interesting, although difficult and ambiguous. The revival of Ukrainian ethnomusicology began in the early 1990s. Unfortunately, not all initiatives have been continued. Many initiatives had to be stopped due to financial difficulties, political circumstances, lack of sufficient specialists and so on.
 This article was inspired by the need to summarize everything that has been done in Ukrainian musical folklore over the past 30 years, to consider the achievements of Ukrainian ethnomusicology in 1991–2021. Previously, there was no general research on this topic, because various Ukrainian scientists have written about certain aspects of ethnomusicological work and about different time periods in the history of musical folkloristics of the period of independence. The research will be published in two parts: in this issue of the yearbook the main Ukrainian ethnomusicological centers will be presented, the state of domestic ethno-pedagogy will be discussed, documentation (field and archival) of folk music will be considered. The next issue will analyze the scientific, publishing, conference, promotional activities of Ukrainian researchers of folk music.
 Kyiv and Lviv have been the main Ukrainian centers for the study of folk music since the early twentieth century. The same is true today: the basic Ukrainian ethnomusical centers are the Rylsky Institute of Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology (IAFE) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Tchaikovsky National Academy of Music of Ukraine and the Lysenko Lviv National Academy of Music. Research Scientific Laboratory of Music Ethnology and Departments of musical folklore were opened in both Academies in the early 1990s. Well-known scientists, doctors of science and PhD, and their junior colleagues work in these centers. Publishing activity is developing: encyclopedias, monographs, folklore collections, collections of articles, periodicals are published. Kyiv and Lviv higher music institutions publish the only in Ukraine purely ethnomusicological yearbooks of scientific articles and materials – «Problems of music ethnology» and «Ethnomusic». Regional ethnomusicological centers operate in many cities of Ukraine – Kharkiv, Odessa, Dnipro, Sumy, Rivne, Uzhgorod, etc.
 During the period of Independence, ethnomusicological education was actively developing. The two main areas are the education of ethnomusicologists-theorists and ethnomusicologists-practitioners, leaders of folklore ensembles. The first ones are prepared mainly by Kyiv and Lviv Music academies, where various specialized disciplines are taught. The second is taught in higher educational institutions of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Rivne, Sumy.
 An important area of activity of almost all Ukrainian ethnomusicological centers in the period of Independence was the documentation of folk music: the collection of musical folklore, transcription and archiving. Folk music was most actively collected in the early 1990s, but over time this work has slowed down, in part because authentic tradition is dying out and living in the passive memory of performers. Today the largest archives of folk music are in IAFE and Kyiv and Lviv Music academies. Archival collections are actively digitized, some materials can be found on the Internet – both on special sites-archives of folk music, and YouTube channels, which usually refer to the different ethnomusical centers. The main prospect of Ukrainian archivists engaged in musical folklore is the creation of the Central Electronic Archive of Ukrainian Folklore

Directions and Prospects of Interaction of the Security Service of Ukraine With the ember-Countries of the Guam Organization in the Sphere of Ensuring Cyber Security and Countering Cyber Threats

Analysis of cyberattacks on the critical information infrastructure of Ukraine, and the fact of its increased complexity and more sophisticated relevant tools show the engagement of unfriendly countries, especially such as the Russian Federation, in destructive activities in Ukrainian cyberspace: in fact, Ukraine has become a testing ground for new cyber weapons and malicious strategies. Considering the cross-border nature of modern cyber threats and the priority of the Euro-Atlantic course of our country, an important vector of the activities of the Security Service of Ukraine has been to establish effective cooperation with international partners in combating cyber terrorism and hybrid aggression in cyberspace. Having this in mind the Security Service of Ukraine has established and maintained a high level of cooperation with intelligence services and law enforcement agencies in Europe, Asia and North America, as well as with key international organizations such as NATO, the OSCE, the Council of Europe, the UNO, the GUAM and others. At the same time, the Security Service of Ukraine has recently taken a proactive role as an initiator of innovations in the field of regional and international cybersecurity in relevant organizations. The issues of international cooperation of the Security Service of Ukraine in the field of cybersecurity within the framework of international and regional organizations were examined by such Ukrainian experts as V. Petrov, V. Khlevytsky, S. Bondarenko, O. Klimchuk, S. Petrov, N. Tkachuk, D. Melnyk and others. At the same time, these works, according to the authors’ opinion, do not reveal the features of international cooperation between the Security Service of Ukraine and the relevant special and law enforcement agencies of the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development GUAM in the field of cybersecurity and countering cyber threats. Given that Ukraine has recently been the object of cyberattacks, the sources of which originate from the Russian Federation, the establishment of the GUAM Regional Cybersecurity Center in Ukraine will help to strengthen the cyber security capacity of GUAM member countries. Moreover, the operation of this centre in our country, taking into account existing strong international contacts of Ukraine with NATO, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE, will help to create additional mechanisms for GUAM member states to exchange best world practices in cybersecurity as well as combating cybercrime, to increase the level of expertise of GUAM member states’ experts in these fields and to help improve the Organization’s image on the international arena. In this regard the Security Service of Ukraine should support the possible deployment of the technological component of the Center on the basis of the GUAM Secretariat in Ukraine, with the purpose of establishing the educational processes, information exchange, as well as remote access of relevant state bodies of GUAM member states. The provision of core funding of the future Center should be worked out within the framework of GUAM’s international cooperation with the USA, Japan, the EU, etc.

Changing in the profile of a patient with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation over the years 2015-2020

The article represents an analysis of the dynamics of the main demographic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental investigations, final diagnoses of patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. A distinctive feature of the work is the recruitment of patients in the same medical institution for different periods of time, which makes possible to trace the dynamics of the clinical profile of patients in the population of Dnipro, a large industrial center of Ukraine. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure and previous myocardial infarction remained at the same level. In the 2017-2020’s group compared with the 2015’s group, electrocardiographic manifestations of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation upon admission were more often detected. Laboratory indicators such as hemoglobin, creatinine and total cholesterol levels remained the same. Another interesting finding is a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate according to MDRD (less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in the 2017-2020’s group compared to patients in 2015’s group, although the clinical course of the disease remained practically unchanged. There was a trend towards a worsening of the clinical status and prognosis, namely, increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus, increase in the risk of GRACE, as well as increase in the quantity of verified diagnoses of unstable angina, which is most likely associated with the increased use of high-sensitivity troponin. Noteworthy feature is that increase in the quantity of high-risk patients led to an increase in the mean GRACE score.

TOURIST BRANDING AS A MEANS OF REALIZATION OF STRATEGIC GOALS OF TRUSKAVETS RESORT DEVELOPMENT

This article describes the advantages and infrastructural features of the resort of Truskavets - the most developed spa resort in Ukraine. It is emphasized that this resort has a developed network of different types of accommodation: hotels, sanatoriums, boarding houses, villas, which have more than 26,550 beds. A wide range of medical and health services is provided. The marketing strategy of development of the city which includes formation of a tourist brand is developed. Based on the data of the SWOT-analysis, the operational goals and objectives for achieving the strategic goals of the resort development were determined.
 Comparing the goals and real changes, the achievements and problems of the resort were identified to achieve the strategic goal: "Truskavets is the capital of health. The leader among the balneological resorts of the world with the unique healing water Naftusya. Western Ukrainian Center for Medical and Cultural Tourism, Sports, Beauty and Longevity, with a developed infrastructure, high social and economic standards. "
 Many tasks have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, which has caused significant economic damage to the city. In addition, the development of the resort is hampered by negative factors related to the solution of issues at the legislative and administrative levels.
 The modern logo of Truskavets indicates that the uniqueness of the brand is based on water resources, but it does not fully represent the tourist and recreational potential of the city. In the minds of potential consumers, the city is perceived only as a place where you can improve your health. Mostly middle-aged and older people are interested in it, the city does not attract young people. In Truskavets, the range of services of the sanatorium-resort complex is expanding and the quality of service is improving. But, despite the developed system of accommodation facilities, the development of territorial tourist products is slow. The potential of the subregion and the surrounding centers of culture and tourism is not fully used. The material and technical base of Truskavets, in addition to medical and health tourism, allows to develop business, excursion, cultural and educational, entertainment, sports and other types of tourism.

FAMILY UPBRINGING FEATURES IN THE PEASANT FAMILY OF THE CENTRAL UKRAINIAN REGION OF THE 19TH – FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Features of family upbringing in the Ukrainian peasant family of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th century taking into account a regional aspect have been revealed in the article. The authors consider the Center of Ukraine as a multicultural region inhabited by representatives of many countries of the world. The focus of publication is on the peasant family, since the Ukrainian society of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th century belonged to the traditional, characterized by the dominance of agriculture. The feature of such a society – the process of its formation took place in the interaction of "pagan" consciousness with Christianity, as a result of which various syncretic forms emerged, which were the ideological principles of collective life, has been singled out. The leading areas of children upbringing: labor, physical and moral, which were determined by traditional norms of life, behavior, lifestyle, and religious beliefs have been considered in the article. Key words: family upbringing, Ukrainian peasant family, Central Ukrainian region, directions of upbringing, traditional society, traditional norms of everyday life.

Результаты открытого многоцентрового нерандомизированного исследования по изучению эффективности и безопасности инсулинов: Инсуман Базал®, Инсуман Комб 25®, Инсуман Рапид® у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, которые прошли базовое обучение в школах

Целью данного исследования было определение уровня снижения гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c) после 6 месяцев лечения инсулином Инсуман® пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД-2), ранее не получавших терапию инсулином и не достигших гликемического контроля при приеме пероральных сахароснижающих препаратов (ПССП). Также изучалась эффективность обучения в школах самоконтроля СД, уточнялась средняя доза инсулина к окончанию исследования, частота гипогликемии и общая безопасность проводимого лечения. Дизайн. Открытое многоцентровое нерандомизированное интервенционное исследование IV фазы длительностью 6 месяцев (Clinical Trials. gov: NCT01630369). Исследование проведено в 11 центрах ­Украины.Популяция. Пациенты с СД-2, ранее не получавшие инсулин, мужчины и женщины > 18 лет с показателем HbA1c > 7,5 %, были распределены на три группы лечения на основании решения врача: n = 341 в группе 1 (Инсуман Базал®), n = 173 в группе 2 (Инсуман Комб 25®), n = 36 в группе 3 (Инсуман Рапид®).Проводимое лечение. Пациенты получали один из трех видов инсулина Инсуман® в течение 24 недель в соответствии с группой распределения и титрационной схемой по протоколу. Исследование предполагало 4 визита, во время которых из медицинской документации собирались данные пациента: достижение целевого уровня HbA1c < 7,5 % к шестому месяцу, распределение пациентов в соответствии с динамикой HbA1c (снижение на 1 % и более) к шестому месяцу, Δ ГПН (глюкоза плазмы натощак) (до начала лечения — на 2–3-м визитах — шестом месяце). Между первым и вторым визитами все пациенты должны были пройти курс из пяти занятий в школе самоконтроля СД и заполнить тест, оценивающий уровень знаний.Результаты. Лечение прошли 550 пациентов, которые были включены в анализ. Средний возраст пациентов составил 59,57 ± 9,53 года, мужчин было 231 (42 %), женщин — 319 (58 %). Общее количество пациентов, имевших макроваскулярные осложнения, в трех группах равнялось 419 (75,6 %), с микроваскулярными осложнениями — 525 (96,4 %). Статистически достоверная разница между тремя группами наблюдалась в стартовых показателях длительности СД, HbA1c и ГПН. Средняя длительность СД (годы) в группе 1 была 8,7 ± 5,0, в группе 2 — 7,7 ± 5,5 и в группе 3 — 9,9 ± 6,8. Средний показатель HbA1c (%) перед началом лечения в группе 1 был 10,4 ± 1,9, в группе 2 — 11,0 ± 1,9 и в группе 3 — 10,1 ± 1,5. Средний показатель ГПН перед началом лечения был 10,7 ± 2,2 ммоль/л в группе 1, 11,3 ± 2,7 ммоль/л в группе 2 и 10,4 ± 2,6 ммоль/л в группе 3. Было показано, что 43,9 % всех пролеченных пациентов достигли целевого значения HbA1c: 49,8 % в группе 1, 33,3 % в группе 2 и 32,3 % в группе 3. Наиболее значительное снижение показателя HbA1c к шестому месяцу лечения наблюдалось в группе 1 (Δ = –2,61 %) и в группе 2 (Δ = –2,81 %). Общая оценка эффективности в группах (N пациентов со снижением показателя HbA1c > 1 %) n/N (%) составила 430/539 (79,7 %). Положительная динамика показателя Δ ГПН была статистически достоверной (p < 0,001) во всех группах. Повышения эффективности лечения у пациентов, успешно прошедших курс обучения в школах самоконтроля СД, не наблюдалось. У 16,5 % из 550 пациентов развились симптоматические гипогликемии: 14,9 % в группе 1, 19,6 % в группе 2 и 16,6 % в группе 3. В общей сложности 10,1 % пациентов отметили документированные эпизоды гипогликемии (≤ 3,9 ммоль/л) и 3,4 % — ночные гипогликемии. Случаев тяжелой гипогликемии отмечено не было. Одно серьезное побочное явление завершилось смертью пациента, в общей популяции было отмечено 8 ­побочных реакций в течение исследования.Выводы. Лечение инсулинами Инсуман® пациентов с СД-2, не компенсированных на фоне приема ПССП, ассоциировалось с улучшением гликемического контроля без увеличения частоты тяжелых гипогликемий. Не отмечалось статистически значимого повышения эффективности терапии у пациентов, которые успешно завершили программу обучения в школе диабета, по сравнению с оценкой эффективности в целом. Состояние молодой исследуемой популяции пациентов с неадекватным контролем на исходном уровне и у которых уже развились сердечно-сосудистые осложнения, связанные с СД, в большинстве случаев улучшилось с точки зрения контроля гликемии, и при этом не было зарегистрировано эпизодов тяжелой гипогликемии. Это может быть связано с положительным влиянием обучения в школе диабета.

Аналіз показників росту дівчаток із синдромом Шерешевського — Тернера залежно від каріотипу в українській популяції

Мета дослідження: визначення показників зросту та кісткового віку дівчаток із синдромом Шерешевського — Тернера (СШТ) в українській популяції залежно від віку та каріотипу, кінцевого зросту порівняно зі здоровими дівчатами, а також визначення стану соматотропної функції гіпофіза дівчаток із СШТ.Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз за період з 2005 по 2014 рік 502 реєстраційних карт дівчаток із СШТ, віком від 11 місяців до 17 років включно. Поглиблене обстеження проводилось дітям, які проходили амбулаторне чи стаціонарне лікування в НДСЛ «ОХМАТДИТ» та Українському науково-практичному центрі ендокринної хірургії, трансплантації ендокринних органів і тканин. Визначали фізичний розвиток дитини, кістковий вік, наявність соматотропної недостатності, рівень інсуліноподібного фактора росту 1 (ІФР-1). Для порівняння показників зросту дітей із СШТ та здорових дівчаток загальної популяції ми використовували результати обстеження фізичного розвитку 525 соматично здорових дівчаток із нормальнім жіночим каріотипом віком від 10 місяців до 17 років включно (контрольна група). Результати. Різниця показників зросту в дівчаток із СШТ та соматично здорових дівчаток з нормальним жіночим каріотипом була вірогідною (p < 0,05) в усіх вікових групах старше одного року, збільшується з віком, максимальна в пубертатному віці. Ступень затримки зросту в дівчаток із СШТ у середньому становить –3,1 ± 1,1 SD з максимальним ступенем затримки в 14 років. Кістковий вік у дівчаток із СШТ затриманий в усіх вікових групах з максимальною різницею з паспортним віком у 17 років. Відсутня вірогідна різниця показників зросту, кісткового віку, рівня стимульованого СТГ та ІФР-1 у дівчаток із СШТ з різним каріотипом (p > 0,05), що свідчить про те, що формула каріотипу не впливає на ці показники. Більшість дівчаток із СШТ мають нормальну соматотропну функцію, однак у 35,7 % наявний частковій або повний дефіцит соматотропного гормона.

Stosunek do przeszłości jako czynnik kształtujący pokoleniowe autoidentyfikacje młodzieży w krajach postkomunistycznych

When we observe the social and political life in post-communist countries, we can also notice that generations of people born after the fall of communism are beginning to play an increasingly important role in shaping the views and political preferences of the whole society. Young people socialized in significantly different conditions than their parents’ generation represent (in many areas) attitudes that indicate their “generational difference”. The aim of the article is to describe and explain to what extent the assessments of systemic transformation in chosen post-communist countries are determined by the age of citizens. The author analyzes secondary data from surveys on public opinion in the following countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine. In order to explain how young people perceive their position in relation to the older generation, which remembers the communist era, an appropriate case study was conducted. The study was conducted among students from six academic centers in Ukraine (Kyiv, Lviv, Nizhyn, Pereiaslav, Sumy, and Uzhhorod). It was found that the strength of the relationship between age and the perception of systemic change varies across countries. The deepest divisions between the older and younger generations were identified in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Bulgaria. It was also found that the young generation of contemporary Ukraine is trying to emphasize its own generational difference by creating its own political identity in opposition to the features attributed to older generations.

Music education of Zhytomyr in terms of the creative period of Victor Kosenko in the city (dedicated to the 125th anniversary of his birth)

The purpose of the article is to study the music education of Zhytomyr on the eve and during the creative path in the specified city of Viktor Kosenko. Research methodology. The methodology of work is based on the application of analytical, systematic, biographical methods, which revealed the place and significance of the figure of V. Kosenko in the development of the musical culture of Zhytomyr during the life and work of the composer in this place in 1918-1929. Features of tendencies in the educational musical movement of that period, in particular, sociocultural and artistic factors of formation of music education and its positioning in the context of musical life of the specified period. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time the level of development of music education in Zhytomyr during the stay of the famous composer V. Kosenko (1918-1929) was analyzed and evaluated, which influenced the further development of educational and cultural branches of Zhytomyr region. Conclusions. The article outlines the peculiarities of music education in Zhytomyr on the eve and during the period of creativity in the city of Viktor Kosenko. It is established that at the beginning of the last century Zhytomyr was one of the important cultural and educational centers of the Right Bank of Ukraine, where there were schools and gymnasiums, theological and teacher's seminaries, as well as dozens of educational institutions of various specializations. It was found that one of the first in Ukraine in Zhytomyr opened a public library, theater, and cinemas. It was found out that the stay in Zhytomyr was a unique opportunity for V. Kosenko to be in Ukrainian (and not Russian or Polish) center (after Warsaw and St. Petersburg, where the urban cultural tradition prevailed, oriented differently) (not only Ukrainian but also European culture). It was important for Ukrainian music to position itself as European, and for the composer to have a kind of shelter from the control of the Soviet government, he had the opportunity to delve into himself, to find his own style.

Legal principles of international cooperation between Ukraine and the North Atlantic alliance

The article analyzes the legal principles of Ukraine’s international cooperation with NATO and the European Union.The Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of 1993 «Main Directions of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy» was one of the first documents that established the basic principles of Ukraine’s foreign policy towards the Alliance. The defining feature of the foreign policy is the establishment of partnership relations with Western countries, mutually beneficial cooperation, participation in the North Atlantic Cooperation Council and the North Atlantic Assembly.The Partnership for Peace Framework Document stipulates that the signatory state will develop an individual partnership program. Participation in the Program involves cooperation with NATO in the military, military-techni-cal, military-political spheres, in the field of science, ecology, defense economy, etc.On 14 September 1995, the NATO-Ukraine North Atlantic Council approved an Individual Partnership Program, marking the beginning of an “expanded and deepened” relationship.The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Ukraine and NATO on the estab-lishment of a NATO Information and Documentation Center in Ukraine with the aim of disseminating the informa-tion about NATO was of great importance.The decisive factor was the adoption the Charter on a Special Partnership between NATO and Ukraine, a basic political document, on July 9, 1997.The subsequent legal regulations laid the grounds for a stable relationship between Ukraine, NATO and European Union member states. These are, in particular: the NATO-Ukraine Action Plan, the Law of Ukraine “On Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine”, “Military Doctrine of Ukraine”, Laws of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Ukraine’s Refusal to Implement a Non-Aligned Policy”, “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on the Foreign Policy of Ukraine” and “On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (on the strategic course of the state to gain full membership of Ukraine in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)”.Thus, the political and legal measures to form the foundation for significant rapprochement with NATO and the European Union are implemented.

The need for palliative and hospice care in Ukraine in 2018–2020

The provision of palliative and hospice care (PHC) is associated with significant material costs of the budgetary funding of countries, provided that these countries pay the necessary attention to these types of care. Ukraine strives for a model of increasing PHC coverage of those categories of patients recommended by WHO as best practices. This is especially important in the context of the growing number of patients in need of PHC both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of the study is to determine the need for the main types of PHC for the population of Ukraine in 2018–2020 according to the methodology proposed by the Ukrainian Center for Public Data. The methodology involves the use of data from national statistics centers (the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine), national cancer and tuberculosis registries (mainly on the number of deaths and those discharged from hospitals with the corresponding diagnosis), to which empirical coefficients from 0.2 to 0.9 are applied, determined by experts. As a result of the research, we determined the absolute values and trends regarding the need for the main PHC types for adults and children of Ukraine in 2018–2020. The need in absolute values among adults was 227,143; 212,199 and 190,179; among children – 61,355; 49,002 and 45,357; respectively. The greatest need for PHC among adults during this period was noted for malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases, and among children – for congenital malformations, certain perinatal conditions, cerebral palsy, and malignant neoplasms. The overall need for PHC had a steady downward trend both among adults (by 16.27%) and among children (by 26.07%). The largest relative declines among adults during this period were recorded for rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS, and among children – for congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: palliative and hospice care for children, palliative and hospice care for adults, PHC, state medical statistics.