Center Of Data Research Articles

Physiological Fitness of U.S. Army Aviators Compared to the U.S. General Population.

INTRODUCTION: U.S. Army aviators are required to maintain a level of physiological fitness as part of their qualifying process, which suggests that they are generally physically healthy. However, it has not been statistically proven that they are more "physiologically fit" than the general population.METHODS: This retrospective study compares physiological measurements of U.S. Army aviators from the Aeromedical Electronic Resource Office database to the U.S. general population using the Center for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. To enable an accurate comparison of physiological metrics between U.S. Army aviators and the U.S. general population, aviators were categorized into the same age groups and biological genders used for segmentation of the national population data.RESULTS: On average, pulse rate was 4.85 bpm lower in male aviators and 6.84 bpm lower in female aviators. Fasting glucose levels were, on average, 10.6 mg · dL-1 lower in aviators compared to the general population. Key metrics like pulse rate and fasting glucose were lower in aviators, indicating cardiovascular and metabolic advantages. However, parameters like cholesterol showed less consistent differences.DISCUSSION: While aviation physical demands and administrative policies selecting for elite physiological metrics produce improvements on some dimensions, a nuanced view accounting for the multitude of factors influencing an aviator's physiological fitness is still warranted. Implementing targeted health monitoring and maintenance programs based on assessments conducted more frequently than the current annual flight physical may optimize aviator safety and performance over the course of a career.D'Alessandro M, Mackie R, Wolf S, McGhee JS, Curry I. Physiological fitness of U.S. Army aviators compared to the U.S. general population. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):175-186.

Practical aspects of pain relief in palliative medicine

Background. Treatment of chronic pain in adults and children is regulated by the national standard of Ukraine, which recommends adherence to the choice of painkillers in accordance with the WHO three-step protocol. But the treatment standard does not detail the use of painkillers according to nosological units. The aim of the work was to determine the need for different types of analgesia in palliative patients depending on the main palliative diagnosis. Materials and Methods. System analysis, aggregation and bibliosemantic methods were used. The list of palliative diagnoses was determined when studying the need and forecasting the need for palliative and hospice care according to the methodology of the Ukrainian Center for Social Data (2019), improved by us in 2021–2024. Results and Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to determine the predominant types of pain, their possible intensity and corresponding groups of pharmaceutical drugs with an analgesic effect in the units from the list of palliative diseases proposed by us. Neuropathic pain is mainly present in diabetes (diabetic polyneuropathy) and phenylketonuria. Predominantly nociceptive pain is present in cardiovascular diseases of palliative stages, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis in children. Predominantly mixed (nociceptive and neuropathic types of pain at the same time) characteristic of HIV/AIDS, epilepsy, dementia, multiple sclerosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, palliative stage kidney disease in adults, cerebral palsy, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and mucopolysaccharidoses in children. We proposed to clarify the national standard for treatment of chronic pain in adults and children, and to define the necessary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-narcotic analgesics, weak and strong opioids, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and other adjuvants with an analgesic effect. The perspective of further studies is to detail the dosage of drugs with an analgesic effect and to calculate the need at the national level for reimbursement under the "Affordable Medicines" program. Keywords: neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, analgesics, opioids, reimbursement.

Recent changes in growth trajectories: a population-based cohort study of over 5 million Brazilian children born between 2001 and 2014

There is limited evidence on recent trends in childhood growth trajectories in Low-/middle-income countries. We investigated how age-trajectories for height and Body Mass Index (BMI) have changed among Brazilian children born in two different time periods after2000. We used a population-based cohort (part of the "Cohort of 100-Million Brazilians") created by the linkage of three Brazilian administrative databases: the Cadastro Único of the Federal Government, the National System of Live Births and the National Nutritional and Food Surveillance System. We included longitudinal data on 5,750,214 children who were 3 to <10 years of age and born between 2001 and 2014 (20,209,133 observations). We applied fractional polynomial models with random-effects to estimate mean height and BMI trajectories for children. Compared to children born in 2001-2007, the cohort born in 2008-2014 were on average taller, by a z-score of 0.15 in boys and 0.12 in girls. Their height trajectories shifted upwards, by approximately 1cm in both sexes. Levels of BMI increased little, by a z-score of 0.06 (boys) and 0.04 (girls). Mean BMI trajectories also changed little. However, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased between cohorts, e.g., from 26.8% to 30% in boys and 23.9%-26.6% in girls aged between 5 and <10 years. An increase of 1cm in mean height of Brazilian children during a short period indicates the improvement in maternal and child health, especially those from low-income families due to the new health and welfare policies in Brazil. Although mean BMI changed little, the prevalence of child overweight/obesity slightly increased and remained high. This work was supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre; Society for the Study of Human Biology; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG; Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Complexo da Saúde do Ministério da Saúde - Decit/SECTICS/MS. The study also used resources from the Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), which receives funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health and the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the State of Bahia (SECTI-BA).

Breastfeeding Initiation in People With Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States.

To evaluate breastfeeding initiation rates among people living with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and to identify characteristics associated with breastfeeding initiation. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of individuals who had a live birth in the United States from 2016 to 2021 using the National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data. We grouped participants by whether they had HCV infection during pregnancy. Using propensity-score matching, we assessed the association between breastfeeding initiation before hospital discharge , defined as neonates receiving any parental breast milk or colostrum, and HCV infection during pregnancy in a logistic regression model. We also assessed factors associated with breastfeeding initiation among those with HCV infection. There were 96,896 reported cases (0.5%) of HCV infection among 19.0 million births that met inclusion criteria during the study period. Using propensity-score matching, we matched 87,761 individuals with HCV infection during pregnancy with 87,761 individuals without HCV infection. People with HCV infection during pregnancy were less likely to initiate breastfeeding compared with those without HCV infection (51.5% vs 64.2%, respectively; odds ratio 0.59, 95% CI, 0.58-0.60, P <.001). Characteristics associated with higher rates of breastfeeding initiation among individuals with HCV infection included a college degree (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.22, 95% CI, 1.21-1.24); self-identified race or ethnicity as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (aOR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.06-1.40), Asian (aOR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.06-1.13), or Hispanic (aOR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.08-1.11); private insurance (aOR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.06-1.08); nulliparity (aOR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.08-1.10), and being married (aOR 1.08, 95% CI, 1.07-1.09). Characteristics associated with not breastfeeding before hospital discharge included receiving no prenatal care (aOR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.79-0.82), smoking during pregnancy (aOR 0.88, 95% CI, 0.88-0.89), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.91-0.93). Despite leading health organizations' support for people living with HCV infection to breastfeed, our study demonstrates low breastfeeding initiation rates in this population. Our findings highlight the need for tailored breastfeeding support for people with HCV infection and for understanding the additional effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, HCV treatment, and concurrent substance use disorders on breastfeeding initiation.

Community based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people: systematic review and network meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of community based complex interventions, grouped according to their intervention components, to sustain independence for older people.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL,...

The impact of juvenile curfews on teenage birth rates.

I examine the effect of city-level juvenile curfews on teenage birth rates using the National Center for Health Statistics birth data from 1982 to 2002. I compare differences in birth rates between younger and older age groups in cities with and without curfew ordinances. Before curfew adoption, the age differential in birth rates trended similarly for cities that did and did not adopt a curfew. There were significant decreases in the age differential birth rates in cities that adopted a curfew relative to cities that did not. Curfews reduced birth rates by approximately 3 births per 1000 women ages 15-17. I find a decrease in birth rates among white women. The main results are corroborated using a variety of robustness checks and specifications.

A validation study to analyze the reliability of center of pressure data in static posturography in dogs.

Center of pressure (COP) parameters are frequently assessed to analyze movement disorders in humans and animals. Methodological discrepancies are a major concern when evaluating conflicting study results. This study aimed to assess the inter-observer reliability and test-retest reliability of body COP parameters including mediolateral and craniocaudal sway, total length, average speed and support surface in healthy dogs during quiet standing on a pressure plate. Additionally, it sought to determine the minimum number of trials and the shortest duration necessary for accurate COP assessment. Twelve clinically healthy dogs underwent three repeated trials, which were analyzed by three independent observers to evaluate inter-observer reliability. Test-retest reliability was assessed across the three trials per dog, each lasting 20 seconds (s). Selected 20 s measurements were analyzed in six different ways: 1 × 20 s, 1 × 15 s, 2 × 10 s, 4 × 5 s, 10 × 2 s, and 20 × 1 s. Results demonstrated excellent inter-observer reliability (ICC ≥ 0.93) for all COP parameters. However, only 5 s, 10 s, and 15 s measurements achieved the reliability threshold (ICC ≥ 0.60) for all evaluated parameters. The shortest repeatable durations were obtained from either two 5 s measurements or a single 10 s measurement. Most importantly, statistically significant differences were observed between the different measurement durations, which underlines the need to standardize measurement times in COP analysis. The results of this study aid scientists in implementing standardized methods, thereby easing comparisons across studies and enhancing the reliability and validity of research findings in veterinary medicine.

CIDACS' efforts towards an inclusive and dialogic data governance in Brazil: a focused literature review

The Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health's (CIDACS) data governance efforts have primarily focused on legal, technical and operational procedures to provide high-quality linked administrative data for investigations on social determinants of health and the impact of social protection policies in low-income and vulnerable populations throughout Brazil. The Centre is moving towards an updated data governance model that incorporates the participation of, and consultation and dialogue with, data stakeholders, including groups covered by our linked data. To this end, this paper presents our procedures and challenges, outlining relevant considerations based on a focused literature review that aims to support the inclusion of societal participation in our revised data governance approach, which should be considered an ongoing process.

Dynamic blending and assimilation in Catalan lingual fricative sequences. An ultrasound and acoustic study

Abstract Ultrasound and center of gravity frequency data for the sequences /ʃ#s/ and /s#ʃ/ produced by Central Catalan speakers reveal that the former sequence is implemented through continuous articulatory and spectral trajectories which, depending on speaker, may be: intermediate between /ʃ/ and /s/ all throughout, thus supporting a dynamic blending mechanism; /ʃ/-like at onset and intermediate between the two fricatives at offset, which is indicative of C1-to-C2 carryover coarticulation. The sequence /s#ʃ/, on the other hand, undergoes regressive assimilation into [ʃ(ʃ)] according to the acoustic signal but less clearly so in the light of the articulatory data. This discrepancy appears to be due to the fact that, while C1=/s/ assimilates indeed to C2=/ʃ/ at constriction location, coarticulation-induced changes in tongue body configuration behind the primary articulator may occur as long as they do not jeopardize the front-cavity dependent frequency characteristics of the [ʃ] frication noise. Differences in articulatory complexity between /ʃ#s/ and /s#ʃ/ appear to result from the production mechanisms involved, i.e., tongue dorsum raising behind the /s/ constriction for /s#ʃ/ and tongue body repositioning for /ʃ#s/. In agreement with this interpretation, /ʃ#s/ but not /s#ʃ/ turned out to be longer than /s#s/ and /ʃ#ʃ/.

Utilizing kinematic analysis of postural instability as an objective measure to aid in distinguishing between normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

ObjectivePatients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) can clinically appear quite similar at baseline evaluation. We sought to investigate the use of kinematic assessment of postural instability (PI) using inertial measurement units (IMUs) as a mechanism of differentiation between the two disease processes. Methods20 patients with NPH, 55 patients with PD, and 56 age-matched, healthy controls underwent quantitative pull test examinations while wearing IMUs at baseline. Center of mass and foot position data were used to compare velocity and acceleration profiles, pull test step length, and reaction times between groups and as a function of Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale Pull Test (UPDRSPT) score. ResultsOverall, the reactive postural response of NPH patients was characterized by slower reaction times and smaller steps compared to both PD patients and healthy controls. However, when patients were grouped by UPDRSPT scores, no reliable objective difference between groups was detected. ConclusionAt their initial evaluation, very few NPH patients demonstrate “normal” or “mild” PI as they appear to be older upon presentation compared to PD patients. As a result, kinematic assessment utilizing IMUs may not be helpful for differentiating between NPH and PD as a function of UPDRSPT score, but rather as a more fine-tuned method to define disease progression. We emphasize the need for further evaluation of incorporating objective kinematic data collection as a way to evaluate PI and improve patient outcomes.

Trends in gynaecologic cancer mortality and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the trend in gynaecologic cancer (GC) mortality in the period from 2010 to 2022 in the United States, with focus on the impact of the pandemic on increased deaths.MethodsGC mortality data were extracted from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) platform. We analysed mortality trends and evaluated observed vs. predicted mortality for the period from 2020 to 2022 with joinpoint regression and prediction modelling analyses.ResultsA total of 334,382 deaths among adults aged 25 years and older with gynaecologic cancer were documented from 2010 to 2022. The overall age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR, per 100,000 persons) for ovarian cancer-related death decreased gradually from 7.189 in 2010 to 5.517 in 2019, yielding an APC (annual percentage change) of -2.8%. However, the decrease in ovarian cancer-related mortality slowed down by more than 4-fold during the pandemic. Cervical cancer -related mortality decreased slightly prior to the pandemic and increased during the pandemic with an APC of 0.6%, resulting in excess mortality of 4.92%, 9.73% and 2.03% in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. For uterine corpus cancer, the ASMR increased from 1.905 in 2010 to 2.787 in 2019, and increased sharply to 3.079 in 2021 and 3.211 in 2022. The ASMR rose steadily between 2013 and 2022, yielding an APC of 6.9%.ConclusionsOverall, we found that GC-related mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this increase was not specific to age, race, or ethnicity.

Cloud-based disaster management architecture using hybrid machine learning approach in IoT

Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and more severe as a result of global warming. It is critical to take precautions before disasters, to gather and analyze information simultaneously while they are happening, and to make accurate assessments after them given that the deaths and injuries brought on by such disasters both leave lasting traumas in the life of society and damage the economy. Internet of Things (IoT) technology, is a young field that can assist intelligent safety-critical systems with data collection, processing in cloud edge data centers, and application of prediction methodologies for discovering key points and unexpected patterns using 5G technology. With the use of a cloud-based prediction algorithm for disaster management in the IoT environment, this study seeks to quickly process the data that is gathered during disasters and to speed up the analysis that will be done both during and after the disasters. An Optimized Ensemble Bagged Tree (OEBT) algorithm with ANOVA-based feature selection is developed for this aim. The experimental results show that accuracy, F1-Score, precision, and recall of the proposed OEBT algorithm utilizing the US Natural Disasters Dataset are 97.9%, 78.3%, 98.7%, and 78.9%, respectively. Comparisons with decision tree, logistic regression, and the traditional ensemble techniques are made. The suggested algorithm outperforms them all in terms of success rates.

Abstract A075: The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer (BRCA) is the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S.) and is one of 13 obesity-related cancers. Healthy food consumption is a protective factor shown to decrease obesity risk and postmenopausal BRCA mortality, respectively. However, residing in geographical areas with no access to healthy food options (food deserts) or unhealthy food options (food swamps) reduces access to healthy foods and has been severely understudied. Recently we found a 77% increased odds of overall obesity-related cancer mortality among U.S. counties with the worst food swamp scored counties/county equivalents. This current study examined the association between residing in food swamps and deserts with postmenopausal BRCA mortality. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional/ecological analysis utilizing 2010 – 2020 Center for Disease Control and Prevention postmenopausal BRCA mortality data (restricted to 45+ years old) and aggregated 2012 – 2020 data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas data. Food swamp score (FS) was calculated as the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer’s markets. Food desert score (FD) was calculated as the proportion of residents living more than one mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from a grocery store and household income ≤ 200% of the federal poverty threshold. We categorized FD and FS to low, moderate, or high; higher scores indicated counties with poorer healthy food resources. Multilevel generalized mixed effects models were used to estimate the mentioned association. Results: 2,280 counties/county equivalents with high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates had higher percentage of non-Hispanic (NH)-Black population (5.80 vs. 2.08), poverty rates (17.2 vs. 14.2), and high food swamp scored areas (39.0 vs. 24.5) versus counties/county equivalents with low postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates (p-value &amp;lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for age, percentage of NH-Blacks per county, and poverty rate, we found 42% increased odds of having high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates among U.S. counties/county equivalents with high food swamp scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14 – 1.78). Conclusions: Sampled U.S. counties with the poorest food swamp environment had significantly increased odds of postmenopausal BRCA mortality. We suggest that local policymakers and community stakeholders should employ sustainable approaches at combating obesity and BRCA by increasing healthier accessible food sources (e.g. creating more walkable neighborhoods and community gardens). Citation Format: Malcolm Bevel, Meng-Han Tsai, April Parham, Sydney Andrzejak, Samantha Jones, Justin X Moore. The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2023 Oct 19-22; San Diego, California. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A075.

Abstract WMP52: Demographic Trends in Stroke-Related Mortality in Young Adults (Age:15-55 Year) With Concomitant Opioid Use in the United States From 1999-2020

Background: The estimated range for the prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) among adolescents and adults in the United States in 2019 was between 6.7 million and 7.6 million individuals. The overall mortality rate is increasing over the last 20 years. Objective: This study aimed to assess the trends in stroke-related mortality in chronic opioid users in different demographics in the United States. Methods: We analyzed Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging On-Line Data for the Epidemiologic Research database examined from 1999 to 2020 for multiple causes of death MCD-ICD 10 Codes. Stroke-related mortality rates, with and without opioid use, were stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and expressed as age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons. Annual percent change (APC) from 1999-2020 was calculated and graphically plotted. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, The were 307,615 stroke-related deaths and 358,322 opioid-related deaths occurred among adults (15-55), and 1615 deaths were related to stroke and opioid use. The age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) steadily increased from 0.1 in 1999 to 0.8 in 2020, with an annual percent change (APC):9.6 % (CI: 8.0-12.14). Men and women had unreliable differences from 1999 till 2011. Men had consistently higher AAMR than women from 2011 (AAMR men: 0.4 vs. women: 0.2; p:&lt;0.005) to 2020 (AAMR men: 1.1 vs. women: 0.5 p:&lt;0.006). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American adults had the highest overall AAMR (0.5), followed by NH White (0.4), followed by Hispanic or Latino (0.3). Conclusion: There has been a steady increase in opioid-related Stroke mortality in the U.S. among adults 15-55 years with opioid use from 1999-2020. African American adults and men possessed the highest age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) related to stroke with concomitant opioid use. Young adults require targeted stroke prevention and management strategies to reduce stroke-related mortality in the presence of concomitant opioid use.

ANALISIS USER EXPERIENCE UNTUK MENGOPTIMASI APLIKASI PRODESKEL DI KOTA PALEMBANG

Prodeskel is a site-based application and used as an information center for data related to Villages and Subdistricts. All villages and sub-districts in Indonesia use Prodeskel, so the large number of users of Prodeskel causes frequent errors in application which give rise to complaints from users, likewise the city of Palembang, to overcome this problem it’s necessary to improve the quality of Prodeskel through user experience. Therefore, this study analyzes user experience on Prodeskel using three methods, namely, SUS, UEQ and Heart Metrics. SUS method can be used easily and helps in evaluating a system,UEQ provides analysis tools that are accurate and easy to interpret, and Heart Metrics can easily identify goals and success of the application. Dapil 4-6 of Palembang City became the research location because this area was easy to cover, by distributing questionnaire forms via WhatsApp to users, with a total of 45 respondents. SUS, the calculation results obtained a total score of 65. UEQ obtained an average value of &gt;0.8, which means variables had positive values. Meanwhile, Heart Metrics, it was found that there were two variables that had a high level of usefulness, namely engagement and retention, while the other three variables had a very high level of usefulness. Based on the analysis results, obstacles received by users in using this application are the level of active use and ease of application. With this research, it’is hoped that in quality of the application will be improved so that there will be no complaints from users.

Longitudinal Care Network Changes and Associated Healthcare Utilization Among Care Recipients.

This study examines caregiver networks, including size, composition, and stability, and their associations with the likelihood of hospitalization and skilled-nursing facility (SNF) admissions. Data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study linked to Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services data were analyzed for 3855 older adults across five survey waves. Generalized estimating equation models assessed the associations. The findings indicate each additional paid caregiver was associated with higher adjusted risk ratios (aRR) for hospitalization (aRR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.10-1.41) and SNF admission (aRR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.54) among care recipients, a pattern that is also observed with the addition of unpaid caregivers (hospitalization: aRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20; SNF: aRR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.23). These results suggest that policies and approaches to enhance the quality and coordination of caregivers may be warranted to support improved outcomes for care recipients.

Prosecutor's Office Intelligence Actions in Solving Corruption Crimes Through Types of Intelligence Difference

Purpose: To examine and explain the ideal authority of the prosecutor's office in the field of law enforcement intelligence in resolving criminal acts of corruption.&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical reference: three types of Intelligence-State Interaction that tend to occur. The three types of interaction are Political Intelligence, Intelligence Militarization, and Intelligence State.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method: This type of research uses normative-empirical research, translated into legal research equipped with empirical data.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result and Conclusion: That Prosecutor's Intelligence is a state intelligence provider with certain differentiation in the field of law enforcement and prevention of criminal acts of corruption in accordance with the principles of national interest and security. The prosecutor's office has intelligence functions, so the prosecutor's office must be able to become a center for intelligence data in resolving criminal acts of corruption, especially at the investigation and prosecution stages, through differentiation types, practically the prosecutor's intelligence actions in resolving criminal acts of corruption are through 5 (five) stages of activity namely planning and direction, collection, processing, analysis and production, dissemination).&#x0D; &#x0D; Implications of research: To find the ideal prosecutor's authority in the field of law enforcement intelligence as a means of resolving criminal acts of corruption.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/value: enforcement of law enforcement intelligence by prosecutors using an intelligence differentiation type approach.

PHILOSOPHY IN BUSINESS ANALYTICS: A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE AND ETHICAL APPROACHES

The integration of philosophy into the realm of business analytics is a nuanced and evolving discourse that transcends the technicalities of data analysis. This paper encapsulates a comprehensive review that delves into the ethical and sustainable dimensions of business analytics, probing the philosophical underpinnings that shape the responsible use of data in corporate decision-making. The review examines the moral considerations inherent in business analytics, investigating the ethical implications of data collection, analysis, and utilization. It contemplates the evolving landscape of data privacy, transparency, and the ethical responsibilities of businesses in the era of pervasive data-driven decision-making. Furthermore, the paper explores sustainability in business analytics, acknowledging the environmental impact of data centers, energy consumption, and the life cycle of digital technologies. It evaluates the philosophical principles guiding sustainable practices in the field, aiming to harmonize the pursuit of data-driven insights with ecological responsibility. In essence, this study outlines a comprehensive exploration of how philosophy shapes and guides sustainable and ethical approaches in the domain of business analytics. It sets the stage for a critical examination of the evolving intersection between data-driven decision-making and the ethical principles that underpin responsible corporate practices.&#x0D; Keywords: Philosophy, Business Analytics, Sustainable, Ethical Approaches, Review.

Trends in thyrotoxicosis-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Thyrotoxicosis is defined as a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone concentrations, with the main cause being inappropriately increased thyroid hormone production. Existing literature indicates a correlation between thyrotoxicosis and mortality. Thus, this descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the demographic and regional trends of thyrotoxicosis-related mortality in the United States. Death certificates from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) from 1999 to 2020 were retrieved for thyrotoxicosis-related mortality in the United States. The crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 population and annual percentage change (APCs) were calculated. There were 33,253 thyrotoxicosis-related deaths from 1999 to 2020. Initially, the AAMR increased from 1999 to 2003 (APC: 3.09; 95% CI 0.83 to 8.16), followed by a steep decline from 2003 to 2008 (APC: -4.28; 95% CI -7.46 to -2.47), followed by a marginal decline from 2008 to 2018 (APC: -0.71; 95% CI -1.70 to 0.95), and concluded by a significant increase from 2018 to 2020 (APC: 11.72; 95% CI 5.06 to 15.32). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, and NH White populations demonstrated a significant rise in thyrotoxicosis-related mortality during 2018 to 2020. In contrast, the NH Asian or Pacific Islander population did not denote any significant variations within the included study timeframe. States including West Virginia, the District of Columbia, Vermont, California, and Montana were in the top 10th percentile of thyrotoxicosis-related mortality. After an extended period of decline, the recent increments in thyrotoxicosis-related mortality rates are concerning. Further consideration is urged with respect to thyroid screening, especially among females, in order to reduce the overall thyrotoxicosis-related mortality.

A Review Load balancing algorithms in Fog Computing

With the rapid advance of the Internet of Things (IoT), technology has entered a new era. It is changing the way smart devices relate to such fields as healthcare, smart cities, and transport. However, such rapid expansion also challenges data processing, latency, and QoS. This paper aims to consider fog computing as a key solution for addressing these problems, with a special emphasis on the function of load balancing to improve the quality of service in IoT environments. In addition, we study the relationship between IoT devices and fog computing, highlighting why the latter acts as an intermediate layer that can not only reduce delays but also achieve efficient data processing by moving the computational resources closer to where they are needed. Its essence is to analyze various load balancing algorithms and their impact in fog computing environments on the performance of IoT applications. Static and dynamic load balancing strategies and algorithms have been tested in terms of their impact on throughput, energy efficiency, and overall system reliability. Ultimately, dynamic load balancing methods of this sort are better than static ones for managing load in fog computing scenarios since they are sensitive to changing workloads and changes in the system. The paper also discusses the state of the art of load balancing solutions, such as secure and sustainable techniques for Edge Data Centers (EDCs), It manages the allocation of resources for scheduling. We aim to provide a general overview of important recent developments in the literature while also pointing out limitation where improvements might be made. To this end, we set out to better understand and describe load balancing in fog computing and its importance for improving QoS. We thus hope that a better understanding of load balancing technologies can lead us towards more resilient and secure systems.