Center Of Data Research Articles

Predictive Analytics Supporting Labor Market Success: A Career Explorer for Job Seekers and Workforce Professionals in Michigan

Career Explorer provides customized career exploration tools for workforce development staff and job seekers in Michigan. There are two separate Career Explorer modules: a staff-mediated service and a self-service for job seekers. The system was developed by the Michigan Center for Data and Analytics in collaboration with the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research and Michigan Works! Southwest. It was funded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Workforce Investment and the Schmidt Futures’ Data for the American Dream (D4AD) project. In this paper, the authors describe the machine learning models behind the predictive analytics of the frontline staff-mediated version of Career Explorer. These models were trained on program administrative data. Additionally, the authors describe the self-service version of Career Explorer, which provides clients with customized labor market information based on published U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Career Explorer became an active feature of Michigan's online reemployment services system in June 2021.

The Impact of Delayed Transition From Noninvasive to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation on Hospital Mortality in Immunocompromised Patients With Sepsis.

To determine whether mortality differed between initial invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) followed by delayed IMV in immunocompromised patients with sepsis. Retrospective analysis using the National Data Center for Medical Service claims data in China from 2017 to 2019. A total of 3530 hospitals across China. A total of 36,187 adult immunocompromised patients with sepsis requiring ventilation. None. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Patients were categorized into NIV initiation or IMV initiation groups based on first ventilation. NIV patients were further divided by time to IMV transition: no transition, immediate (≤ 1 d), early (2-3 d), delayed (4-7 d), or late (≥ 8 d). Mortality was compared between groups using weighted Cox models. Over the median 9-day follow-up, mortality was similar for initial NIV versus IMV (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.006; 95% CI, 0.959-1.055). However, among NIV patients, a longer time to IMV transition is associated with stepwise increases in mortality, from immediate transition (HR 1.65) to late transition (HR 2.51), compared with initial IMV. This dose-response relationship persisted across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Prolonged NIV trial before delayed IMV transition is associated with higher mortality in immunocompromised sepsis patients ultimately intubated.

Does digital finance development affect corporate cash holdings? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT This paper examines how the level of development of digital finance affects corporate cash holdings. By utilising the Digital Finance Inclusive Finance Index compiled by the Internet Finance Research Center of Peking University and data from China's listed companies, this paper finds that the development level of digital finance where a company is located is negatively correlated with corporate cash holdings. Furthermore, the negative effect of digital finance is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises and companies in the early stages of their life cycles. Additional tests show that digital finance can reduce a corporation's financial constraints and debt costs, and the coverage breadth and usage depth of digital finance have also significantly reduced the level of cash holdings for enterprises. Our findings provide insights for understanding the role of digital finance in firm behaviour in emerging economies.

Solutions for Tropical Vertical Motion under Convective Quasi-Equilibrium Constraints

Abstract Solutions for tropical convection (vertical motion), including both the first (deep) and the second baroclinic (shallow) modes, subject to convective quasi-equilibrium (CQE) constraints are formulated. Under CQE assumption, tropical convection ω(p, x, y) can be decomposed into a product of height-dependent variable Ωi(p) and space-dependent variable ∇·vi(x, y) with the former constrained by conservation of moist static energy (MSE) or dry static energy (DSE) perturbations, depending on whether the atmospheric column is dominated by ascending or descending motions. We then evaluate the roles of deep and shallow modes of convection in transporting moisture and static energy against observations using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data. The moisture transport by deep mode produces a spatial pattern similar to observations, except for an obvious underestimate of the magnitude over the eastern Pacific convergence zone (EPCZ) and cold tongue areas, where the contribution of shallow mode may account for up to 25% of the total moisture transport. In contrast, the MSE transport by deep mode exhibits a very poor performance, especially over the EPCZ where the observational MSE transport is negative, but a positive value is predicted by deep mode. Including the contribution of shallow mode immediately remedies this deficiency, due to a better representation of the bottom-heavy structure of ascending motions over the EPCZ. These improvements apply to almost the entire tropics, although the correlation tends to decrease away from the convergence zones. Since simple atmospheric models often assume a single heating (forcing) profile to represent the effect of cumulus convection, the present study highlights the importance and feasibility of including both deep and shallow modes in a simple atmospheric model, while at the same time maintaining the simple model framework, to more accurately represent the moisture and MSE transports by convection in the tropics.

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Enrollment and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Nulliparous Individuals.

To evaluate the relationship between changes in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) enrollment during pregnancy from 2016 to 2019 and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in U.S. counties in 2019. We conducted a serial, cross-sectional ecologic study at the county level using National Center for Health Statistics natality data from 2016 to 2019 of nulliparous individuals eligible for WIC. The exposure was the change in county-level WIC enrollment from 2016 to 2019 (increase [more than 0%] vs no change or decrease [0% or less]). Outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes assessed in 2019 and included maternal outcomes (ie, gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean delivery, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, and transfusion) and neonatal outcomes (ie, large for gestational age [LGA], small for gestational age [SGA], preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission). Among 1,945,914 deliveries from 3,120 U.S. counties, the age-standardized rate of WIC enrollment decreased from 73.1 (95% CI, 73.0-73.2) per 100 live births in 2016 to 66.1 (95% CI, 66.0-66.2) per 100 live births in 2019, for a mean annual percent change decrease of 3.2% (95% CI, -3.7% to -2.9%) per year. Compared with individuals in counties in which WIC enrollment decreased or did not change, individuals living in counties in which WIC enrollment increased had lower rates of maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes, including GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.71, 95% CI, 0.57-0.89), ICU admission (aOR 0.47, 95% CI, 0.34-0.65), and transfusion (aOR 0.68, 95% CI, 0.53-0.88), and neonatal adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (aOR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.56-0.90) and NICU admission (aOR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60-0.97), but not cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or LGA or SGA birth. Increasing WIC enrollment during pregnancy at the county level was associated with a lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In an era when WIC enrollment has decreased and food and nutrition insecurity has increased, efforts are needed to increase WIC enrollment among eligible individuals in pregnancy.

Effects of wave breaking on moisture flux

Wave breaking is a ubiquitous phenomenon in ocean dynamics, serving as a critical conduit for the exchange of momentum, heat, and energy between the atmosphere and the ocean. Although its vital role in air-sea moisture exchange is widely acknowledged, quantifying its exact impact on moisture flux remained quite challenging due to data limitations and the inherently turbulent nature of the process. To overcome these challenges, we construct a comprehensive 10-year global dataset that incorporates multiple breaking wave variables, informed by statistical breaking theories, to capture the intricacies of the breaking process and its consequential effects. We then employ a stacked machine learning model to elucidate the complex relationships between wave breaking and moisture flux. The performance of our stacked model, which is enriched with breaking wave variables, is validated against the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data (ERA5). The results offer excellent predictions and highlight the importance of breaking-wave-related variables in regulating moisture flux, thereby substantiating the integral role of wave breaking in modulating air-sea interactions and moisture transport.

Abatacept for acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation

AbstractAbatacept plus calcineurin inhibitors/methotrexate (CNI/MTX) is the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved regimen for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis during unrelated-donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (URD-HCT). Using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research data, we investigated its impact in patients receiving 7/8 HLA-mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) or 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) URD-HCT between 2011 and 2018. Primary outcomes included day-180, 1-year, and 2-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) for abatacept + CNI/MTX vs CNI/MTX, CNI/MTX + antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based prophylaxis (PT-Cy). For 7/8 MMUDs, day-180 OS (primary end point supporting FDA approval) was significantly higher for abatacept + CNI/MTX vs CNI/MTX (98% vs 75%; P = .0028). Two-year RFS was significantly higher for abatacept + CNI/MTX vs CNI/MTX (74% vs 49%; P = .0098) and CNI/MTX + ATG (77% vs 35%; P = .0002), and similar vs PT-Cy (72% vs 56%; P = .1058). For 8/8 MUDs, 2-year RFS for abatacept + CNI/MTX was numerically higher vs CNI/MTX (63% vs 52%; P = .1497), with an improved hazard ratio (HR) of 0.46 (0.25-0.86), and vs CNI/MTX + ATG (66% vs 55%; P = .1193; HR, 0.39 [0.21-0.73]), and was similar vs PT-Cy (68% vs 57%; P = .2356; HR, 0.54 [0.26-1.11]). For 7/8 MMUD and 8/8 MUD recipients, abatacept + CNI/MTX prophylaxis improved survival outcomes vs CNI/MTX and CNI/MTX + ATG; outcomes were similar to PT-Cy–based regimens. Abatacept + CNI/MTX may facilitate unrelated donor pool expansion for HCT.

Modelling climate impacts on paediatric sepsis incidence and severity in Bangladesh.

Sepsis is a leading cause of paediatric mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting children in low- and middle-income countries. The impacts of climate change on the burden and outcomes of sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in paediatric populations, remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the associations between climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and paediatric sepsis incidence and mortality in Bangladesh, one of the countries most affected by climate change. We conducted retrospective analyses of patient-level data from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and environmental data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Using random forests, we assessed associations between sepsis incidence and sepsis mortality with temperature and precipitation between 2009-22. A nonlinear relationship between temperature and sepsis incidence and mortality was identified. The lowest incidence occurred at an optimum temperature of 26.6°C with a gradual increase below and a sharp rise above this temperature. Higher precipitation levels showed a general trend of increased sepsis incidence. A similar distribution for sepsis mortality was identified with an optimum temperature of 28°C. Findings suggest that environmental temperature and precipitation play a role in paediatric sepsis incidence and sepsis mortality in Bangladesh. As children are particularly vulnerable to climate impacts, it is important to consider climate change in health care planning and resource allocation, especially in resource-limited settings, to allow for surge capacity planning during warmer and wetter seasons. Further prospective research from more globally representative data sets will provide more robust evidence on the nature of the relationships between climate variables and paediatric sepsis worldwide.

Contrasting extremely warm and long-lasting cold air anomalies in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic during the HALO-(𝒜 𝒞)3 campaign

Abstract. How air masses transform during meridional transport into and out of the Arctic is not well represented by numerical models. The airborne field campaign HALO-(𝒜𝒞)3 applied the High Altitude and Long-range Research Aircraft (HALO) within the framework of the collaborative research project on Arctic amplification (𝒜𝒞)3 to address this question by providing a comprehensive observational basis. The campaign took place from 7 March to 12 April 2022 in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic, a main gateway of atmospheric transport into and out of the Arctic. Here, we investigate to which degree the meteorological and sea ice conditions during the campaign align with the long-term climatology (1979–2022). For this purpose, we use the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis v5 (ERA5), satellite data, and measurements at Ny-Ålesund, including atmospheric soundings. The observations and reanalysis data revealed two distinct periods with different weather conditions during HALO-(𝒜𝒞)3: the campaign started with a warm period (11–20 March 2022) where strong southerly winds prevailed that caused poleward transport of warm and moist air masses, so-called moist and warm air intrusions (WAIs). Two WAI events were identified as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are narrow bands of strong moisture transport. These warm and moist air masses caused the highest measured 2 m temperatures (5.5 °C) and daily precipitation rates (42 mm d−1) at Ny-Ålesund for March since the beginning of the record (1993). Over the sea ice northwest of Svalbard, ERA5 indicated record-breaking rainfall. After the passage of a strong cyclone on 21 March 2022, a cold period followed. Northerly winds advected cold air into the Fram Strait, causing marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) until the end of the campaign. This second phase included one of the longest MCAO events found in the ERA5 record (19 d). On average, the entire campaign period was warmer than the climatological mean due to the strong influence of the ARs. In the Fram Strait, the sea ice concentration was well within the climatological variability over the entire campaign duration. However, during the warm period, a large polynya opened northeast of Svalbard, untypical for this season. Compared to previous airborne field campaigns focusing on the evolution of (mixed-phase) clouds, a larger variety of MCAO conditions was observed during HALO-(𝒜𝒞)3. In summary, air mass transport into and out of the Arctic was more pronounced than usual, providing exciting prospects for studying air mass transformation using HALO-(𝒜𝒞)3.

Optimizing execution time and cost while scheduling scientific workflow in edge data center with fault tolerance awareness

Abstract Scheduling scientific workflows is essential for edge data centers operations. Fault tolerance is a crucial focus in workflow scheduling (WS) research. This study proposed fault-tolerant WS in edge data centers using Task Prioritization Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (TPAPSO). The aim is to minimize the Makespan, execution costs, and overcoming failures at all workflow processing stages, including when virtual machines are insufficient or tasks fail. The approach proposes three components: initial heuristic list, scheduling tasks with TPAPSO, and implementing performance monitoring with fault tolerance (PMWFT). TPAPSO-PMWFT is simulated using CloudSim 4.0. The experiments indicate that the suggested approach shows superior results compared to existing methods.

Trends and Variations in Pancreatic Cancer Mortality Among US Metro and Nonmetro Adults, 1999-2020.

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Despite decreasing cancer mortality rates as a whole, pancreatic cancer death rates in the United States remain steady and demonstrate racial/ethnic disparities. Divergent cancer mortality trends have also been observed between metro and nonmetro populations. We therefore aimed to compare metro and nonmetro trends in pancreatic cancer mortality rates in the United States from 1999 to 2020 and investigate potential sex and racial/ethnic differences. We analyzed National Center for Health Statistics data for all pancreatic cancer deaths among individuals aged 25 years or older in the United States. We estimated the average annual percent change (AAPC) in age-standardized pancreatic cancer mortality rates in metro versus nonmetro areas by sex and race/ethnicity. Of the total 810,425 pancreatic cancer-related deaths identified from 1999 to 2020, 668,547 occurred in metro areas and 141,878 in nonmetro areas. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest rates of pancreatic cancer mortality regardless of metropolitan status. In both metro and nonmetro areas, pancreatic cancer mortality rates among non-Hispanic White individuals increased over the study period (AAPC: metro, males, 0.32%; females, 0.27%; nonmetro, males, 0.77%; females, 0.62%). Non-Hispanic Black individuals in metro areas had a decrease in pancreatic cancer mortality (AAPC: males, -0.25%; females, -0.29%), but rates among non-Hispanic Black women in nonmetro areas increased (AAPC, 0.49%). There are variations not only in pancreatic cancer mortality by metro and nonmetro status but also by sex and race/ethnicity within these areas. Individuals who live in nonmetro areas have higher pancreatic cancer mortality rates and increasing death rates compared with their metro counterparts. These findings highlight the need for targeted cancer prevention strategies that are specific to metro or nonmetro populations.

Donor types and outcomes of transplantation in myelofibrosis: a CIBMTR study

AbstractWe evaluate the impact of donor types on outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in myelofibrosis, using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data for HCTs done between 2013 and 2019. In all 1597 patients, the use of haploidentical donors increased from 3% in 2013 to 19% in 2019. In study-eligible 1032 patients who received peripheral blood grafts for chronic-phase myelofibrosis, 38% of recipients of haploidentical HCT were non-White/Caucasian. Matched sibling donor (MSD)–HCTs were associated with superior overall survival (OS) in the first 3 months (haploidentical hazard ratio [HR], 5.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52-13.35]; matched unrelated (MUD) HR, 4.50 [95% CI, 2.24-9.03]; mismatched unrelated HR, 5.13 [95% CI, 1.44-18.31]; P < .001). This difference in OS aligns with lower graft failure with MSD (haploidentical HR, 6.11 [95% CI, 2.98-12.54]; matched unrelated HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.20-4.51]; mismatched unrelated HR, 1.82 [95% CI, 0.58-5.72]). There was no significant difference in OS among haploidentical, MUD, and mismatched unrelated donor HCTs in the first 3 months. Donor type was not associated with differences in OS beyond 3 months after HCT, relapse, disease-free survival, or OS among patients who underwent HCT within 24 months of diagnosis. Patients who experienced graft failure had more advanced disease and commonly used nonmyeloablative conditioning. Although MSD-HCTs were superior, there is no significant difference in HCT outcomes from haploidentical and MUDs. These results establish haploidentical HCT with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide as a viable option in myelofibrosis, especially for ethnic minorities underrepresented in the donor registries.

Parallel photonic chip for nanosecond end-to-end image processing, transmission, and reconstruction

Image processing, transmission, and reconstruction constitute a major proportion of information technology. The rapid expansion of ubiquitous edge devices and data centers has led to substantial demands on the bandwidth and efficiency of image processing, transmission, and reconstruction. The frequent conversion of serial signals between the optical and electrical domains, coupled with the gradual saturation of electronic processors, has become the bottleneck of end-to-end machine vision. Here, we present an optical parallel computational array chip (OPCA chip) for end-to-end processing, transmission, and reconstruction of optical intensity images. By proposing constructive and destructive computing modes on the large-bandwidth resonant optical channels, a parallel computational model is constructed to implement end-to-end optical neural network computing. The OPCA chip features a measured response time of 6 ns and an optical bandwidth of at least 160 nm. Optical image processing can be efficiently executed with minimal energy consumption and latency, liberated from the need for frequent optical–electronic and analog–digital conversions. The proposed optical computational sensor opens the door to extremely high-speed processing, transmission, and reconstruction of visible contents with nanoseconds response time and terahertz bandwidth.

Street‐level bureaucracy and democratic backsliding. Evidence from Poland

AbstractStreet‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) are central to the implementation of government policies, which becomes crucial in the context of democratic backsliding. Their willingness to carry out policies developed by “unprincipled” principals influences the final impact of backsliding on citizens. Research on civil servants and anecdotal evidence indicate that SLBs may engage in various dissent activities when they disagree with politicians and their policies. However, the scale of this behavior depends on how many of them perceive the government as “unprincipled.” Hence, to understand the potential for dissent activities in the face of democratic backsliding, we need to examine SLBs' support for the ruling government. This paper focuses on Poland, an important case of democratic backsliding, analyzing the approval of the opposition parties and the protests in the wake of democracy‐undermining reforms among the SLBs. By analyzing Polish Center for Public Opinion Research survey data, it concludes that SLBs' support for the opposition was not overwhelming, rendering significant scale of dissent activities at the street level unlikely.

Salzburg Intensive Care database (SICdb): a detailed exploration and comparative analysis with MIMIC-IV.

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is on the rise, demanding increased accessibility to (public) medical data for benchmarking. The digitization of healthcare in recent years has facilitated medical data scientists' access to extensive hospital data, fostering AI-based research. A notable addition to this trend is the Salzburg Intensive Care database (SICdb), made publicly available in early 2023. Covering over 27 thousand intensive care admissions at the University Hospital Salzburg from 2013 to 2021, this dataset presents a valuable resource for AI-driven investigations. This article explores the SICdb and conducts a comparative analysis with the widely recognized Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care - version IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The comparison focuses on key aspects, emphasizing the availability and granularity of data provided by the SICdb, particularly vital signs and laboratory measurements. The analysis demonstrates that the SICdb offers more detailed information with higher data availability and temporal resolution for signal data, especially for vital signs, compared to the MIMIC-IV. This is advantageous for longitudinal studies of patients' health conditions in the intensive care unit. The SICdb provides a valuable resource for medical data scientists and researchers. The database offers comprehensive and diverse healthcare data in a European country, making it well suited for benchmarking and enhancing AI-based healthcare research. The importance of ongoing efforts to expand and make public datasets available for advancing AI applications in the healthcare domain is emphasized by the findings.

Estimation of Groundwater River Availability in Leang Lonrong Cave Using ARIMA Model and Econophysics Valuation Approach

This quantitative descriptive study uses the ARIMA model approach to predict groundwater river water availability. It assesses its valuation with an econophysics orientation in the Leang Lonrong Cave area of TN Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Secondary data from 2010-2023, including Water Discharge and Water Level data from the River Basin Center of Pompengan Jeneberang (BBWS) and primary data on the Valuation of Willingness to Pay, were utilized. The analysis reveals that water discharge predictions (2024-2030) in the Gua Leang Lonrong area indicate consistent annual water availability, with the highest discharge projected in December 2030 (5.08 m3/s) and the lowest in September 2024 (1.12 m3/s). Valuation of utilizing Leang Lonrong River water through willingness to pay showed residents willing to pay Rp 42,142.85/month for clean water management. At the same time, visitors are willing to contribute Rp 21,596.77/visit to enhance water quality management. Elasticity analysis modeling water discharge with willingness to pay suggests a relatively elastic relationship, with a minor impact, indicating unresponsiveness to changes in water discharge percentages. Statistical and economic methods were employed to analyze daily water discharge patterns and evaluate residents' willingness to pay for underground river water utilization. The ARIMA model (0,1,1) forecasted future water discharge patterns with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 33.7%. The study surveyed 62 respondents, finding an average willingness to pay approximately IDR 21,596.77 per visit to maintain Leang Lonrong River water quality management.

Disparities in Multiple Myeloma Mortality Rate Trends by Demographic Status in the USA.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that arises when plasma cells undergo malignant monoclonal proliferation. This study aimed to assess the demographic disparities and temporal trends in the mortality rates of this disease. We employed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. We found that for the overall U.S. population, the age-adjusted mortality rate per 1,000,000 (AAMR) decreased from 1999 to 2020. However, rates differed between demographic groups. In addition, we sought to find a significant average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rate from 1999 to 2020 for various demographic populations and compared groups to find disparities in mortality rate trend. In 2020, the AAMR due to MM was 38.0 and for women 24.1. The AAPC in AAMR from 1999 to 2020 in men was -1.0% (95%CI=-1.3 to -0.7) and in women was -1.6% (95%CI=-1.6 to -2.3). A significant difference in trend by sex was found, where women had a higher rate of decline. In 2020, the AAMR for the American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) population was 15.0, the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) had 14.8, the Black and African American population had an AAMR of 55.6 and the White population had an AAMR of 28.1. The AAPC for the AI/AN population was -2.2% (95%CI=-3.5 to -0.9), for the AAPI population it was -0.9% (95%CI=-1.5 to -0.4), the Black and African American population had -1.5% (95%CI=-2.2 to -0.8) and the AAPC for the White population was -1.1% (95%CI=-1.6 to -0.6). A significant difference in trend of decline was found between the AAPI and Black and African American populations and between the AI/AN and Black and African American populations. When assessing the U.S. by states, the mid-southeast U.S. had the greatest density of the states with high AAMRs. These findings suggest which populations are at increased risk for mortality due to multiple myeloma and where we should apply additional resources and research.

Abstract PS18-03: The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer (BRCA), the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S.), is one of 13 obesity-related cancers. Healthy food consumption is a protective factor shown to decrease obesity risk and postmenopausal BRCA mortality, respectively. However, residing in geographical areas with no access to healthy food options (food deserts) or unhealthy food options (food swamps) reduces access to healthy foods and has been severely understudied. We examined the relationship between residing in food swamps and deserts with postmenopausal BRCA mortality. Methods: We conducted an ecological analysis utilizing 2010 – 2020 Center for Disease Control and Prevention postmenopausal BRCA mortality data (restricted to 45+ years old) and aggregated 2012 – 2020 data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas data. Food swamp score (FS) was calculated as the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer’s markets. Food desert score (FD) was calculated as the proportion of residents living more than one mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from a grocery store and household income ≤ 200% of the federal poverty threshold. We categorized FD and FS to low, moderate, or high; higher scores indicated counties with poorer healthy food resources. Multilevel generalized mixed effects models were used to estimate the mentioned association. Results: 2,280 counties/county equivalents with high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates had higher percentage of non-Hispanic (NH)-Black population (5.80 vs. 2.08), poverty rates (17.2 vs. 14.2), and high food swamp scored areas (39.0 vs. 24.5) versus counties/county equivalents with low postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates (p-value &amp;lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for age, percentage of NH-Blacks per county, and poverty rate, we found 42% increased odds of having high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates among U.S. counties/county equivalents with high food swamp scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14 – 1.78). Conclusions: Sampled U.S. counties with the poorest food swamp environment had significantly increased odds of postmenopausal BRCA mortality. We suggest that local policymakers and community stakeholders should employ sustainable approaches at combating obesity and BRCA by increasing healthier accessible food sources (e.g. creating more walkable neighborhoods and community gardens). Citation Format: Malcolm Bevel, Meng-Han Tsai, April Parham, Sydney Andrzejak, Samantha Jones, Justin Moore. The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-03.

Platform sub-imperialism

This commentary explores Brazil's role in Latin American platform capitalism, integrating Ruy Mauro Marini's theoretical framework with contemporary studies of platform capitalism. It examines the connections between Latin American platforms, overexploitation, and data accumulation, leading to the concept of platform sub-imperialism: The emergence of certain Southern countries as platform sub-imperialist powers, acting as regional centers of data and capital accumulation through the expansion of their platforms into neighboring countries. This positioning constitutes an intermediate state between hegemonic nations and “digital colonies” in the international division of platform labor, data accumulation, and technological dependency.

Bridging the gap: evaluating high TB burden country data needs to support the potential introduction of TB vaccines for adolescents and adults: a workshop report

High tuberculosis (TB) burden countries (HBCs) need to prepare for TB vaccine implementation alongside licensure, to ensure rapid rollout. WHO policy/implementation frameworks have been created to support this effort. Using WHO frameworks, we convened a workshop to ask HBC experts about what epidemiological, impact, feasibility and acceptability data they anticipated they would need to guide TB vaccine introduction. For required data, we asked HBC and global experts which data were already available, data collection planned, or gaps. HBC experts expressed high demand for epidemiological, impact, feasibility and acceptability data, reported variable availability of existing epidemiological data, and low availability for impact, feasibility, and acceptability data. Global experts reported additional knowledge of existing data on impact, upcoming collection of infection prevalence, acceptability and feasibility data, and potential epidemiological data collection on adolescents, adults, people living with HIV, and underweight individuals. HBC and global experts made key recommendations for: a coordinated data collation, collection, analysis and sharing system; updating existing HBC health and economic impact estimates and extending impact analyses to other HBCs; demand/market forecasting; resource gap mapping; aligning delivery strategies; addressing manufacturing, procurement, delivery, and regulatory barriers; sharing potential vaccine licensure timing; incorporating TB vaccine introduction strategies into NSPs, immunization programs, and health services; collecting vaccine hesitancy, mistrust, and misinformation data; collecting adolescent/adult vaccine demand generation data, and identifying funding. Experts recommended expanding this analysis to other areas of the WHO frameworks, including more HBC stakeholders, and repeating this analysis after country and community advocacy and socialization around different vaccine candidates.