Causes Of Occupational Accidents Research Articles

Investigation of the relationship between occupational cognitive failures and work-related accidents in heavy equipment operators of Shahid Rajaee port complex.

INTRODUCTION:Occupational accidents have many undesirable and irreparable effects on labor forces, assets, environment, and credibility of organizations. Human errors are one of the most important causes of occupational accidents. Human errors have different causes, but in all cases, human cognitive abilities and limitations play important roles; in this research, the relationship between occupational cognitive failures and work-related accidents in heavy equipment operators of Shahid Rajaee Port Complex has been investigated.METHODS:This research was done through the field method. A sample of 332 people was selected by a stratified sampling method among all heavy equipment operators. The data gathering tool contained a 30-item occupational cognitive failure questionnaire. Furthermore, regression analysis method was used to test the hypotheses.RESULTS:The results of this study showed that cognitive failures of occupational accidents on direct work-related accidents in heavy equipment operators of Shahid Rajaee Port complex have a direct effect (P < 0.00). Further more, variables that modify the research are age, work experience, working hours, educational level, type of occupation, and marital status of the operators.CONCLUSION:Regarding the direct relation between cognitive occupational failures and occupational accidents, one can predictive this result that the occupational cognitive failure questionnaire can be used as a predictive tool in accidents of Shahid Rajaee Port Complex.

The Correlation between Physical Environmental Factors and Fatigue of The Workers at Ship Repair Workshop

Introduction: Fatigue is a body protection mechanism that prevents further detriments and can be recovered after having a sufficient amount of rest. The fatigue undergone by workers is one of the causes of occupational accidents. Fatigue can be triggered by several factors, such as physical environments, for instance, temperature and noise. This research aims to analyze the relationships between the temperature as well as the noise and the work fatigue of the workers at the area of ship repair workshop at PT. X Surabaya. Methods: This research is descriptive observational research that employs the cross-sectional design. The sample of this research, the total population, consists of 32 people. The data is obtained through the temperature measurement by utilizing hygro-thermometer, the noise intensity measurement by utilizing the sound level meter, and the levels of work fatigue measurement by utilizing reaction timer. Those measurements are completed in two different locations, namely the office and the workshop. The strength of the relationships among variables is scrutinized by applying the spearman correlation test by studying the correlation coefficient value. Results: Show that 14 people (43.8%) do not suffer from any fatigue, 15 people (46.9%) suffer from mild fatigue, 2 people (6.2%) suffer from moderate fatigue, and 1 person (3.1%) suffers from severe fatigue. The fatigue is mostly undergone by the workers exposed to the overheat temperature, that is as many as 18 people (56.2%) and by those who are exposed to noise, which are 15 people (46.9%). Conclusion: There is a moderate relationship between the temperature and the fatigue (p=0.519). Meanwhile, the noise (p=0.688) has a strong relationshipship with the fatigue undergone by the workers at the area of ship repair workshop at PT. X Surabaya. Keywords: noise, ship reparation, temperature, work fatigue

The Correlation between Physical Environmental Factors and Fatigue of The Workers at Ship Repair Workshop

Introduction: Fatigue is a body protection mechanism that prevents further detriments and can be recovered after having a sufficient amount of rest. The fatigue undergone by workers is one of the causes of occupational accidents. Fatigue can be triggered by several factors, such as physical environments, for instance, temperature and noise. This research aims to analyze the relationships between the temperature as well as the noise and the work fatigue of the workers at the area of ship repair workshop at PT. X Surabaya. Methods: This research is descriptive observational research that employs the cross-sectional design. The sample of this research, the total population, consists of 32 people. The data is obtained through the temperature measurement by utilizing hygro-thermometer, the noise intensity measurement by utilizing the sound level meter, and the levels of work fatigue measurement by utilizing reaction timer. Those measurements are completed in two different locations, namely the office and the workshop. The strength of the relationships among variables is scrutinized by applying the spearman correlation test by studying the correlation coefficient value. Results: Show that 14 people (43.8%) do not suffer from any fatigue, 15 people (46.9%) suffer from mild fatigue, 2 people (6.2%) suffer from moderate fatigue, and 1 person (3.1%) suffers from severe fatigue. The fatigue is mostly undergone by the workers exposed to the overheat temperature, that is as many as 18 people (56.2%) and by those who are exposed to noise, which are 15 people (46.9%). Conclusion: There is a moderate relationship between the temperature and the fatigue (p=0.519). Meanwhile, the noise (p=0.688) has a strong relationshipship with the fatigue undergone by the workers at the area of ship repair workshop at PT. X Surabaya. Keywords: noise, ship reparation, temperature, work fatigue

Exploring On-Site Safety Knowledge Transfer in the Construction Industry

A primary cause of occupational accidents is on-site workers not having proper or even adequate safety knowledge and awareness, leading to them failing to employ safety measures, equipment, or behavior to protect themselves. The complexity of construction projects and changes in organizational personnel complicate the safety knowledge transfer process. Therefore, to reduce occupational accidents in the construction industry, this study explored the on-site safety knowledge transfer process as well as its relationship with a safe working environment; it did this to understand the associations between various constructs in the process, which could be used as a reference for management personnel to promote on-site safety education and behaviors. This would allow safety knowledge to be learned and practiced by on-site workers, changing their unsafe behaviors and creating a safe on-site work environment. This study used structural equation modeling to empirically study the relationship between various constructs during safety knowledge transfer on a construction site. The results revealed that an excellent safety knowledge transfer environment can lead to favorable safety behavior as well as safety knowledge application and inspiration of on-site workers, which would affect their safety behaviors. More satisfactory safety behaviors of on-site workers could produce a safer working environment on the construction site. Moreover, although safety application and inspiration do not directly affect the safety of a work environment, they do so indirectly through safety behaviors.

Causes of accidents at work in the opinions of public sector forestry employees in Poland

The aim of the study was recognition of opinions of forestry employees concerning causes of accidents in forestry, and evaluation of which of the selected demographic characteristics of forestry employees are associated with their opinions concerning causes of occupational accidents. An attempt was also undertaken to answer the question whether there is any relationship between the opinions of forestry employees pertaining to the causes of accidents at work, and observance of the OSH principles concerning the use of protection measures. The survey included 135 forestry employees and conducted by using an author-constructed questionnaire containing items which primarily concerning the causes of accidents at work and the protection measures applied. The opinions of forestry employees pertaining to the causes of accidents were analyzed according to independent variables, such as: workplace, period of employment, age, education level, and an index of the level of the respondents' concern about OSH (index of the use of personal protection measures by the respondents). The significance of differences between the subgroups selected according to the above-mentioned variables was assessed using the chi-square test. Forestry employees most frequently indicated such causes of accidents as the lack of e use of protection equipment (63.7%), bravado and neglecting hazards (63%), as well as entering or staying in a danger zone during tree felling (56.3%). Nearly a half of the respondents (48.1%) mentioned as the cause of accidents the improper and self-willed behaviour of an employee. The respondents additionally mentioned being taken by surprise by an unexpected event (40%), and the inadequate state of machinery, equipment, and vehicles (36.3%). Based on the results of the study concerning the causes of accidents in forestry, it was found that the examined forestry employees show high awareness and knowledge concerning the causes of occupational accidents in forestry. The greatest differences in the way of perceiving the causes of accidents and hazards were observed according to the respondents' period of employment and age. In addition, a relationship was observed between indication by the respondents of specified causes of accidents, and the scope of their use of protection measures.

Fatal and serious injuries on board merchant cargo ships.

Merchant seafaring is one the most dangerous occupation over the world which hosts the physical, ergonomic, chemical, biological, psychological and social elements, which could lead to occupa- tional accidents, injuries and diseases. Therefore, it is a field that should be studied on meticulously and frequently. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency, circumstances, and causes of occupational accidents on board merchant cargo ships and to identify the risks factors during the daily routine works and dangerous works to be fulfilled. Data used in this study obtained various occupational accident reports issued by countries' accident investigation units or maritime authorities such as Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB), Marine Safety Investigation Unit (MSIU) and Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). A total of 331 reports met the inclusion criteria for the 11-year period from 2006 to 2016. Descriptive statistics were given related to data and chi-square analysis was used to test for significant association between categorical variables (seafarer's age, accident type and etc.) and injury severity. Several findings were notable in this study. Ratings (63.5%) were the most affected group suffe- red from occupational injuries among the crew and the most critical cause of occupational accidents was found the dangerous work practices and ignorance of rules and instructions. Occupational accidents are still crucial concern in maritime industry which imposes a major burden on both seafarers and shipping companies. Reduction in occupational injuries could be achieved by improving the working environment and the quality of life on board, mitigating the mental and physical burden of work and developing policies to encourage the seafarers to obey safety rules and instructions.

Analysis of Required Investigations of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spain.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the most common source of occupational health problems in Western countries. In Spain, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can be reported either as accidents or occupational diseases. When reported as an occupational disease, a full diagnosis is performed, as the compensation system needs the approval of the social security authority and a mandatory investigation has to be performed. Although many methods are available for investigating the causes of occupational accidents, occupational diseases have not been analysed with the same depth, and there is a lack of investigation methods. This paper aims to analyse the role of 43 occupational investigations of causes of musculoskeletal diseases in the prevention cycle. This study is based on the occupational investigations performed by workplaces’ occupational health and safety specialists when musculoskeletal diseases are reported. The analysis of the data involves descriptive statistics and the Φ coefficient. Based on administrative data, 68 workplaces employing 15,260 workers were surveyed and 41 workplaces with 13,201 workers submitted valid questionnaires to be analysed. The most frequent cause of reported musculoskeletal disease, in terms of primary risk, is repetitive movement. The only proposed measure with a significant association to the exposure by repetitive movements is job rotation (alternating workers between tasks within a job or between activities as a means to vary different levels of exposure). The investigation of occupational diseases has been useful in most of the cases for proposing preventive measures. Most of the workplaces surveyed have performed investigations and adopted preventive measures, but the managers of some workplaces were not aware of any disease notification regarding their workers when surveyed. More research is needed to provide tools for this important task.

Human Factor and Disasters: Possible Equations

Introduction:This research starts from the assumption that work accidents, in addition to fortuitous or individual phenomena, imply social and organizational factors, and highlights the social character of the production of the accident at work. For this reason, this study investigates the living conditions and the ways of workers in the oil and gas industry in Brazil.Aim:To analyze the human factors in the relationship with work accidents on oil platforms from the social dimensions.Methods:It is qualitative research and it has as instruments of collection the focal group and individual interviews with workers and managers of the platforms, participant observation, and documentary analysis.Results:The research is still being carried out, but some reflections are possible so far: accidents at work depend on the direct or indirect relationship of workers with the work process itself, the modalities of production of work, and management of work. Possible causes underlying the accident are the quality of life and the conceptions of health and safety. Associated with it are social constructs and the multifactorial causes of occupational accidents including the relations between acts and unsafe conditions.Discussion:The increase in outsourcing and the decrease in training quality, as well as the prioritization of production, targets the detriment of meeting safety criteria. There is a need to reassess labor management, safety policies, and outsourcing processes. Lack of awareness of the proper use of safety equipment and the organization of the work environment are major causes of work-related accidents. The human factor focuses on the individual, group, organizational, and social dimensions in complex interactions. The identification of social processes between working groups in empirical reality, the influence of elements of culture, organizational management, and their impacts on relations and on safe work performance allows an understanding of social risks.

The correlation between occupational unsafe acts and job burnout among workers in kashan metal melting industries 2017

Aim: Literature in workplace safety has classified the causes of occupational accidents into unsafe conditions and unsafe acts. Job burnout can lead to loss of quality and efficiency of the individual, reduce physical and mental health, and may cause to increase of unsafe acts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of unsafe acts with job burnout among workers of Kashan smelting industries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 workers of metal melting industries. The unsafe acts of them were monitored through observation and using the Tarrant's checklist. The examination of burnout was carried out using the Maslach questionnaire. The demographic data were also collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: The results indicated that 43.23% of workers' behaviors were unsafe. The most frequent unsafe act was the fail to using personal protective equipment (38.1%), and the least frequent was inadvertency (0.07%). There was a significant relationship between smoking, work units, safety education, and working hours with unsafe acts (P

PERILAKU AMAN PADA PEKERJA OPERATOR LOADING UNLOADING MINYAK MENTAH

Elements that play an important role in the cause of occupational accidents are human behavior. Thus reducing the occurrence of unsafe behavior is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of work accidents. From the results of preliminary studies conducted in the production area of PT X from 10 workers who observed the behavior of the use of PPE there were 3 workers who did not behave safely. This study aims to analyze the safe behavior and its causes in the effort of prevention of work accident by using Antecedence, Behaviour and Consequences (ABC) behavior model. This research used cross-sectional design. Data collection was obtained through measurement and observation. The population of this research was 20 workers loading unloading crude oil. The result of the research showed that 50% of workers doing the safe behavior. The safe behavior of the use of PPE by 80%, the implementation of housekeeping by 70%, and follow the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of 83%. Safe behavior was triggered by the important role of knowledge that workers have good enough about Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and safe behavior, worker attitudes toward safe behavior also quite good, and the training received is good enough. Besides giving rewards and punishment by the company also helped motivate workers to behave safely. While unsafe behavior that workers do not use a respirator and does not maintain the cleanliness of the workplace.Keywords: ABC model, loading unloading operator, safe behavior

IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN GEDUNG TINGGI

The most important resource in a construction project is labor, it is possible to cause errors that can disrupt the implementation. Thus the safety and health of the work must always be protected to prevent the occurrence of work accidents, for that effort is done by evaluating the cause of work accidents on construction projects. In this thesis, the issues raised are what are the dominant indicators of causes of occupational accidents and how to mitigate K3 on those dominant indicators. To know the dominant indicator, then do observation and interview with related personnel in the implementation of the construction project. Assessment of dominant indicators is obtained by scoring method using Likert scale. From the results of data analysis at PT. In total, respondents were 43 respondents (67%) with 27 indicators of occupational accidents due to K3 policy in Government Regulation No. 5 of 2012 already exist, but not yet done well, documentation does not exist, implementation of K3 has not been done in the field. And got the dominant indicator is from human factor with indicator A.3 equal to 95.56% that is behavior and habit careless. Factors that become obstacles in the implementation of OSH policy are human factor (HR), work tool factor, and working condition factor.

Analyses of Heavy Construction Equipment Accidents and Safety Prevention

Equipment-related occupational accidents are very higher when compared to all other type occupational accidents in the worldwide. Various types and styles of many equipment are used in construction industries (construction and mining). This equipment are usually huge and heavy, so the consequences of accidents are severe. Occupational accidents related this equipment might occur due to operating faulty, carelessly and unserviceably. In this study, the causes of occupational accidents related with heavy equipment in construction workplaces are presented and cause-and-effect relationships of occupational accidents are investigated based on the statistics. Heavy equipment safety types are analysed for incident prevention by statistics. In addition, the detailed information are presented about the precautions to prevent such accidents. As a result, all stakeholders should pay attention to the use of new security technologies and to reduce human default to prevent workplace injuries depending on the equipment.

Risk factors of fatal occupational accidents in Iran

BackgroundOccupational accidents are of most important consequences of globalization in developing countries. Therefore, investigating the causes of occupational accidents for improving the job situation and making operational policy is necessary. So the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the fatal occupational accidents and also calculate the years of life lost for dead workers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on data related to the 6052 injured workers that was registered in the 2013 registry system of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Variables including sex, education, age, job tenure, injury cause, referred location of injured workers, occupation, shift work, season, accident day, damaged part of the body were chosen as independent variables. The Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used for univariate analysis and then exact multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify independent risk factors of fatal occupational accidents. Finally, for dead workers, years of life lost, according to the injury causes was calculated.ResultsAmong the 6052 accidents reported, 33 deaths were recorded. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests showed that factors including: current job tenure (p = 0.01), damaged parts of the body (p < 0.001) and injury cause (p < 0.001) are associated with the fatal accidents. Also exact multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between electric shocks as a cause of injury (OR = 7.04; 95% CI: 1.01–43.74; p = 0.02) and current job tenure more than 1 year (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05–0.70; p = 0.005) with the fatal accidents. The total amount of years of life lost based on causes of injuries was estimated 1289.12 years.ConclusionsIn Iran, fatal accident odds in workers with job tenure more than 1 year was less in comparing to the workers with job tenure less and equal to 1 year. Also odd of death for electrical shock was more than other causes of injuries. So it seems that employing of workers who have more than one-year work experience in a specific job and using of appropriate safeguards will be useful for the reducing of fatal occupational accidents.

Application of Fuzzy DEMATEL Method for Analyzing Occupational Risks on Construction Sites

The construction industry is known as a hazardous industry because of its complexity and strategic nature. Therefore, it is important to know the main causes of occupational accidents to prevent fatal occupational accidents in construction industry. At building construction sites, workers performing tasks are continuously exposed to risks, not only emerging from their own mistakes but also from the mistakes of their co-workers. A great deal of studies investigating risks and preventing occupational hazards for the construction industry has been carried out in the literature. The quantitative conventional methods mostly use either probabilistic techniques or statistics, or both, but they have limitations dealing with the ambiguity and fuzziness in information. In this study, to overcome these limitations, an applicable and improved approach, which helps construction managers to propose preventive measures for accidents on construction sites, is proposed to simplify the risk assessment. It is shown that the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method can evaluate causal factors of occupational hazards by a cause–effect diagram and improve certain safety measures on construction sites. In addition, sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify the robustness of the results.

ANALISIS RISIKO KESELAMATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK PENGEMBANGAN BANDARA INTERNASIONAL JUANDA TERMINAL 2 SURABAYA

&#x0D; The construction sector played an important role in development and was the biggest contributor of work accident rate in Indonesia. The aim of the research were to analyze human, methods, machines, materials, and environment element as cause of occupational accidents. This was a cross-sectional observational research conducted in October 2012 to March 2013. This research was carried out with several integrates stages which include risk identification, risk assessment and priorities formulation, root cause analysis, and ended by recommendations for controlling risk and hazard. Risk identificationshowed that there were 100 risks that couldthreaten the workers. The following categories were: 4% low risk categories, 48% moderate risk, 39% high risk, and 9% extreme risk. Through the Q sort technique obtained five priority safety issues: workers falling from height, electric shock, workers stung by material lifted, fires or explosions, and the scaffolding collapsed. Based on root cause analysis, it showed that the most likely root cause of the problems was dominated by the human factor such as: fatigue due to overtime work, lack of experience and understanding of the procedure, lack of awareness of the importance of the ocupational safety and health.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: construstion,risk assessment, root cause.

Selecting Strategies to Reduce High-Risk Unsafe Work Behaviors Using the Safety Behavior Sampling Technique and Bayesian Network Analysis.

High-risk unsafe behaviors (HRUBs) have been known as the main cause of occupational accidents. Considering the financial and societal costs of accidents and the limitations of available resources, there is an urgent need for managing unsafe behaviors at workplaces. The aim of the present study was to find strategies for decreasing the rate of HRUBs using an integrated approach of safety behavior sampling technique and Bayesian networks analysis. A cross-sectional study. The Bayesian network was constructed using a focus group approach. The required data was collected using the safety behavior sampling, and the parameters of the network were estimated using Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Using sensitivity analysis and belief updating, it was determined that which factors had the highest influences on unsafe behavior. Based on BN analyses, safety training was the most important factor influencing employees' behavior at the workplace. High quality safety training courses can reduce the rate of HRUBs about 10%. Moreover, the rate of HRUBs increased by decreasing the age of employees. The rate of HRUBs was higher in the afternoon and last days of a week. Among the investigated variables, training was the most important factor affecting safety behavior of employees. By holding high quality safety training courses, companies would be able to reduce the rate of HRUBs significantly.

Effect of Application of Standard Operating Procedure and Work Motivation to Occupational Accident on Coal Mine Employees

Mining industry is one of the most high risk jobs, thus requiring the application of standard operating procedure in every phase of the work. Based on the preliminary study at PT. Darma Henwa, Site Asam-Asam Coal Project there were 126 cases of occupational accidents in 2012 and 22 cases of occupational accidents in 2013. Several studies have shown, do not apply standard operating procedure and low work motivation are cause of occupational accidents. This study aims to clarify the effect of application of standard operating procedure and work motivation to occupational accidents on employees hauling part. This research is observational analytic method with cross sectional design. The study population was all employees hauling part. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Thus obtained 64 samples of the research. The research instrument use questionnaires. The results of research shows significant effect of application of standard operating procedure and work motivation to occupational accident. Company are expected to conduct strict monitoring of application of standard operating procedures by employees. Application of safety sharing or safety talk is expected to continue and improve safety behavior of employees.

Occupational risk assessment in the construction industry in Iran

Occupational accidents in the construction industry are more common compared with other fields and these accidents are more severe compared with the global average in developing countries, especially in Iran. Studies which lead to the source of these accidents and suggest solutions for them are therefore valuable. In this study a combination of the failure mode and effects analysis method and fuzzy theory is used as a semi-qualitative–quantitative method for analyzing risks and failure modes. The main causes of occupational accidents in this field were identified and analyzed based on three factors; severity, detection and occurrence. Based on whether the risks are high or low priority, modifying actions were suggested to reduce the occupational risks. Finally, the results showed that high priority risks had a 40% decrease due to these actions.

Developing techniques for cause-responsibility analysis of occupational accidents

The aim of this study was to specify the causes of occupational accidents, determine social responsibility and the role of groups involved in work-related accidents. This study develops occupational accidents causes tree, occupational accidents responsibility tree, and occupational accidents component-responsibility analysis worksheet; based on these methods, it develops cause-responsibility analysis (CRA) techniques, and for testing them, analyzes 100 fatal/disabling occupational accidents in the construction setting that were randomly selected from all the work-related accidents in Tehran, Iran, over a 5-year period (2010–2014). The main result of this study involves two techniques for CRA: occupational accidents tree analysis (OATA) and occupational accidents components analysis (OACA), used in parallel for determination of responsible groups and responsibilities rate. From the results, we find that the management group of construction projects has 74.65% responsibility of work-related accidents. The developed techniques are purposeful for occupational accidents investigation/analysis, especially for the determination of detailed list of tasks, responsibilities, and their rates. Therefore, it is useful for preventing work-related accidents by focusing on the responsible group’s duties.

Is big data risk assessment a novelty?

Objective: What metaphors, models and theories were developed in the safety science domain? And which research was based upon ‘big data’?Method: The study was confined to original articles and documents, written in English or Dutch from the period under consideration.Results and conclusions: From the start of the 20th century, human error was a dominant explanation for causes of occupational accidents. Although external factors were seen as main contributors, it was not till after World War II when scenario analysis was conducted in detail. The main drivers were the upscaling op the process industry in this period, as well as the introduction of high hazardous industries, like aerospace and nuclear sector, and consequently disasters occurring in these sectors. Already from the beginning, big data research was no exception in the safety science domain. ‘Big’ in this context is defined by numbers.