Cattle Waste Research Articles

Comparative analysis of biogas and yields from cattle, sheep, poultry wastes and their combinations

Comparative analysis of biogas yields from cattle, sheep and poultry wastes and blends were carried out at mesophilic temperature range (30oC–40oC) in a laboratory scaled conventional digestive system coupled with batch flow micro digesters. The system was made of air – impermeable plastic containers with effective volume of 4 l. Experiments were carried out in three replicates and at varying total solid concentrations (5%, 15% and 25%) and monitored for 8 days detention period (anaerobically digested); one day lag period observed for bacteria activation on the slurries. Biogas yields were compared as well as the variation of the total solid (TS) concentrations with together with their combinations. Seven batch type anaerobic laboratory-scale digesters were used. Biogas measurement was by water displacement method. Hydrogen ion concentration, ash content of the pulverised materials before and after digestion were determined. Results showed that the composite blends of the three livestock (cattle + sheep + poultry) wastes have the highest biogas potential at 15% total solids concentration which peaked during the fourth day. There was a significant difference at 5% confidence level (P > .05) between the digestion of carbon before and after digestion and hence increase in C:N ratio was observed which favoured complete digestion with positive correlation of all the proximate analysis parameters before and after digestion.

Optimization Potential of Sentani Lake to Increase the Household Income and District Own Source Revenue of Jayapura District

This study aimed to analyze the capacity of assimilation of water quality parameters in the Lake Sentani and identify appropriate management model in the carrying capacity of Lake Sentani. The analysis showed that a key element in the management of Lake Sentani initiated by law enforcement, Coordination area, Strengthening relationships between stakeholders, compromise the level of need and Development OBM, elements other needs are also a key element in the management of Lake Sentani is Equation vision, mission and goals against environmental improvement, and Spatial Planning, the decline in the fraction of the population increases have also impacted on the decrease in the amount of waste that KJA waste, waste of pigs, cattle waste, waste of human feces, the amount of waste, and decrease erosion effect on residential and agricultural erosion. From the results of this study concluded that, for the parameter TDS assimilation capacity of 12184.94 tons / month, BOD of 11.31973 ton / month, COD is 122.4184 tons / month, PO4 of 1.401685 tons / month, NO3 by 185,2202729 tons / month, Fe at 0.226383192 ton / month, Cl amounted 15286.18799 ton / month, SO4 amounted to 1276.118 tons / month, Zn amounted to 0.169118 tons / month, Cu of -0.06125 ton / month, Cr at 0.769953052 ton / month, and NH3 at 8.620493359 ton / month. Parameter Cu, PO4, Zn and Fe is above the value of assimilation capacity, this shows the carrying capacity of Lake Sentani have declined. Policy measures total reduction of pollutant sources is through setting migration of people coming to live in the vicinity of Jayapura and Sentani Lake, approaches to sources, law enforcement, and agricultural intensification.

Two stage feeding evaluation of cattle waste medium use in chlorella vulgaris culture and chlorella pyrenoidosa culture for simultaneous production of biomass

Stress in microalgae through the metabolic pathway increases the value of lipids and caratenoids. In this study, two stage feeding in Chlorella pyerenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris are evaluated. BBM for Chlorella vulgaris and Sorrokin/Krauss Chlorella pyrenoidosa are using as standar medium which is label as A0/B0, cow manure Medium with fluorescence light exposure labelled as A1/B1, with sunlight exposure labelled as A2/B2 plus urea 0.1 g/l [1] with fluorescence rays exposureas A3/B3.v Two stage feeding is evaluated in A4/B4 that compose medium A3/B3 which is added to A1/B1 medium on reaching the stationary phase. Which is Chlorella pyrenoidosa is labeled as A and Chlorella vulgaris in label B. The highest accumulation of biomass in Chlorella species was seen with the addition of urea in A3 and A4, but it had the lowest lipid content. During the experiment with the addition of water and nutrients from cow manure, the lipid values visibly increased, but not optimally. In Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris species which is the object of this study, the lipid values on A1 and B1 are higher than the control and treatment with sunlight exposure, as well as the addition of urea.

Performance, Microbial Community Analysis and Fertilizer Value of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cattle Manure with Waste Kitchen Oil

Abstract. Co-digestion trials of beef cattle manure and waste kitchen oil (WKO) were conducted to evaluate potential increase of biogas production for a local beef farm anaerobic digester. The trials were conducted using laboratory-scale, semi-continuously loaded digesters under mesophilic conditions, with 21-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). In a preliminary test, WKO was added at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by volume, each with replicate digesters (n=2), except for the 0% level, which had one digester (n=1). Methane (CH4) yield per week increased linearly with WKO levels. Populations of bacteriodetes decreased, while clostridiales and synergistales increased with the WKO levels. A second test was conducted using treatments with more replication: control (n=3), and 1.0% (n=3) and 2% (n=3) WKO levels. Methane yields of the 1.0% and 2.0% WKO levels were 79.1% and 203% higher than the control, respectively. Addition of WKO have resulted in changes of the metagenomics of the digesters. Populations of clostridiales increased, while bacteroidales and euryarchaeota methanomicrobia YC-E6 decreased with the WKO levels. The findings confirm adding low amounts (1% and 2%) of WKO as co-digestion feedstock can be an effective way to increase CH4 yield for beef operation anaerobic digestion, especially when there are available feedstock nearby. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Methane, Semi-continuous digesters.

Potential Utilization of Dairy Cattle Waste into Biogas (Jetak Village, Semarang City, Central Java)

This study aims to identify the potential of dairy cattle waste to become biogas in Jetak Village as a solution in dealing with environmental problems. In this study using primary data obtained from 72 respondents through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a qualitative descriptive approach and an analysis of conversion of dairy cattle dung into methane gas production. The results showed that the potential for renewable energy from dairy cattle waste to biogas was 4,424 kg / day or equivalent to 35.35 m3 / kg with a methane content of 24.75 m3. The utilization of dairy cattle waste in Jetak Village into compost / organic fertilizer has not been done by the community due to a lack of community knowledge and the motivation of people who are still low in processing livestock waste into other products.

Influence of two types of sludge on the biogas production of assorted waste streams and the significance of beef cattle waste and liquid cheese whey in the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

The aim of this study was to assess the biogas production generated by the anaerobic co-digestion of two co-substrates—liquid cheese whey (LCW) and beef cattle waste (BCW)—mixed with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and inoculated with either granular or suspended sludge. At the end of co-digestion, a high biogas yield was observed for the granular sludge mixture of OFMSW and BCW, which provides support for beef cattle waste as a promising substrate for biogas production. The mixture of OFMSW and LCW resulted in an enhancement of biogas production compared to OFMSW alone; however, the characteristics of LCW led to instability during the process. The key finding was that the type of sludge used influences the biogas production of the mixture. For the two sludges tested, the reactors containing granular sludge produced more biogas than those with suspended sludge. Reactors inoculated with a granular sludge produced 70% more biogas with the mixture of OFMSW and BCW compared to those with the suspended sludge. The OFMSW and LCW mixture with granular sludge produced 16% more biogas than with the suspended sludge.

Hygiene, Sanitation and Bacteriological Quality of Cow's Milk in Krajan Design, Gendro Village, Tutur Regency of Pasuruan District

Cattle waste contains high enough Escherichia coli microbes that can contaminate dairy products. Contamination can come from various sources of cow udder, cow body, dust in the air, dirty equipment and humans who do milking. Hygiene and sanitation efforts are one of the most important environmental health efforts to prevent dairy contamination. This study aims to analyzed the relationship of hygiene breeders, sanitation cage and bacteriological quality of cow milk (Escherichia coli) in Krajan Hamlet, Gendro Village, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency. This research was conducted with cross sectional design. The sample size used was the total population of 26 farmers registered to be members of the group of Agung II breeders in Krajan Hamlet. Breeder hygiene and cage sanitation were analyzed descriptively quantitatively on bacteriological quality of cow's milk (Escherichia coli). Breeder hygiene includes 3 components: the use of PPE when working (boots, masks, gloves), hand-washing habits and work clothing conditions. Cage sanitation includes 5 components namely the technical requirements of the cage building, the location of the cage, the direction of the cage, the handling of livestock waste, the cleanliness of the cage. Bacteriological qualities of cow's milk (Escherichia coli) were examined in the laboratory using isolation and identification techniques. As many as 73% of respondents included in the category of poor farmer's hygiene and 65% of respondents included in the category of poor cage sanitation. While the examination of milk samples as much as 65% is known to be contaminat Escherichia coli. Increas use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and cage sanitation management needs to be done by farmers to prevent contamination of Escherichia coli in dairy products.

Аналіз результатів експериментальних досліджень з переробки органічних відходів від утримання врх на молочному комплексі

Increasing the accumulation of organic waste in Ukraine, including from livestock and poultry enterprises, raises the urgency of finding new technologies for their processing into alternative fuels, biofuels, etc. When keeping the cattle, an average of 65-70 million tons of organic waste is produced per year, of which 20-25 million tons falls on the enterprises of the industry (animal complexes). Processing of these wastes will not only reduce their negative impact on the environment, but also increase energy security of the country. In the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex, there are already quite successful examples of biogas installations and complexes (LLC ZORG UKRAINE), as well as practical testing of the production of generator gas from organic waste of poultry farms (native litter). Therefore, for a wider introduction of the reduced technologies and equipment, their economic feasibility, an integrated approach from different parties is required (customer, contractor, state, scientific institutions, etc.). It is very important to provide scientific support for these works from the start of the work to the installation of the equipment, as well as the practical testing of the results obtained at the enterprises of Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the data obtained from the monitoring of the processing of purulent cattle discharges in the milk complex for further use in developing technical solutions for methods and installations for the processing of organic waste into biogas and biofuels. The practical testing of data was a scientific support of works under the agreement of the commonwealth with the company "ZORG-UKRAINE" Ltd. for the processing of manure storm cattle in the milk complex in the village. V. Krupil, Kyiv region. During the experiment there was a constant selection of samples of puddles in order to determine the pH of the medium, density, organic part and overall monitoring of biogas equipment. The analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the culture solution showed that during this period the destruction of the organic mass occurred at the level: the first fermentor - 17,9%; 2nd fermenter - 11.96%; 3rd - 14.3% respectively. The amount of organic matter in the overflow solution. in absolute terms dry, amounted to 35.3 kg / m3, but the low temperature in the receiving reservoir and fermenters did not contribute to the intensive livelihoods of the culture. Thus, the average values of the produced biogas and respectively the electric energy were 7.7 MW per day. Conclusions and perspectives. 1. Analysis of literary sources shows the prospect of processing of organic waste cattle and poultry production using the latest equipment and technologies and the creation of a finished product on their basis for its further use in the processes of gasification and the receipt of electric energy. 2. The conducted researches have shown that the raw material with the addition of sawdust in the amount of 10 - 12% (by mass) is suitable for gasification with the established mode of operation of the mini power plant. 3. Permanent scientific support of the biogas complex operation contributed to a timely adjustment for its sustainable work, the development of technical solutions for methods and installations for the processing of organic waste to biogas, biofuel. Key words: poultry, cattle, resource-energy efficiency, dry granulates, gasification, biogas, biofertilizers

Assessing Performance of Cattle Dung and Waste Cooked Foods in Producing Biogas as Single Substrate and Mixed Substrates in Kampala Uganda

Biogas is anaerobic degradation product formed from aqueous slurry of organic waste in a digester. It can be produced from cattle dung, (cd)chicken droppings, decaying leaves, kitchen waste foods, (kwf), sewage sludge, slaughter house, goat, pig or sheep manure, Aqueous slurry of 200 g/L of mixed or single substrate of cattle dung or/and kitchen waste evolved up to 400mL of biogas at ambient temperatures. The rate of gas evolution reached 5 mL/day on the 15th day using 25 % cd mixed slurry. The overall rates of degradation attained in the mixtures were 1.42 + 0.26 mL/g for cd; 1.58+0.33 mL/g for kwf; 1.78+ 0.38 mL/g for 75 % cd mixed substrate; 1.78+ 0.29 mL/g for 50 % cd mixed substrate; 1.92+ 0.21 mL/g for 25 % cd mixed substrate slurries in the 200 g/L load. The comparative rate of biogas formation ranged from1.25 to 1.35 which was in agreement with the range published in literature of 0.8 to 5.5. Biogas can be synthesized efficiently at ambient temperature in Kampala as was done at mesophilic temperatures elsewhere. However, it may be necessary to attempt producing biogas at different pH and temperatures as well as using other substrates and inoculums.

The Influence of Farmer’s Characteristic on ç at ‘Simantri’ Program in Bali

The aims of this study were to analyze the influence of farmers’ characteristics on cattle waste processing, and also what is the strongest indicator to reflect the variables of farmer’s characteristic and cattle waste processing. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from 112 respondents consisting of two persons as group’s representatives of Simantri members from 2014-2015. The groups of Simantri selected by purposive sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed by a descriptive method and statistic analysis. Results indicated that the farmer’s characteristics proved to have a positive and significant effect on cattle waste processing. The skill of Simantri is the strongest indicator to reflect the variable of farmers characteristic because it has the highest value of weight measurement (0.898). Biogas is the strongest indicator to reflecting the cattle waste processing with the weight measurement value of 0.987. The skills of respondents to the processing of cattle waste into solid and liquid fertilizer is closely related to the frequent training, the addition of knowledge and experience in the cattle waste processing.

Influence of the blend nickel/porous hydrothermal carbon and cattle manure hydrochar catalyst on the hydrothermal gasification of cattle manure for H2 production

This study presents the optimized hydrothermal gasification (HTG) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Cattle Manure (CM) and Cattle Feed (Canola Stalks) for hydrogen-rich gas, bio-oil and porous carbonaceous catalyst support production as a potential procedure to handle cattle wastes and produce valuable energy carriers. Our main objective in the present research was to produce H2-rich gas from the wastes of dairy cattle in the presence of the efficient catalyst supported on a support that was prepared from the cattle feed. Therefore, with the aim of improving one of the momentous dimensions in the sustainable development that is the environmental protection, considerable efforts were focused on the maximum exploration of dairy cattle waste materials. Three operating parameters of temperature (380–440 °C), reaction time (5–30 min), and feed concentration (2.5–3.5 wt%) were examined and their optimized levels were found to be 440 °C, 20 min, and 2.5 wt%, respectively. The hydrothermal gasification was performed using Ni catalyst supported on activated carbon canola stalks (ACCs), CM hydrochar that was produced via the HTC and further ZnCl2 chemical activation of canola stalks, and the combination of ACCS and hydrochar (called blend) catalysts under the optimized conditions. The impact of catalyst supports on the distribution of gaseous products was assessed by various techniques and accordingly, the blend catalyst increased the H2 and total gas yields by the factors of 1.73 and 1.66, respectively. Furthermore, the bio-oil of the HTG process was also collected and analyzed using GC/MS analysis and it was found that the CM bio-oil is rich in phenol and its derivatives, furans, Nitrogen-containing compounds, and aromatic molecular structures.

The potential of various livestock waste as sources of methanogenic bacteria

Livestock waste contains organic matter as nutrients for methanogenic bacteria. However, the limiting factor was the acidogens and acetogens continuously produce compounds that reduce the pH of the system below the preferred range for methanogens to survive if sufficient buffering capacity is not available.The objective of this research is to determine the potency of various livestock waste such as dairy cattle waste and beef cattle waste, as a source of methanogens. The technique for counting bacteria was through Total Plate Count in anaerobic Hungate tube. The incubation period was 30 days. Methane was observed using Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis and the concentration of VFAs was measured using titration method. The results showed that methane production was directly proportional to the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Based on the growth of anaerobic bacteria and the production of methane in the media indicated that the dairy cattle waste and beef cattle waste were potential as a source of methanogenic bacteria.

Metodología APRENDYSAGE aplicada a los casos de estudio: Briceño (Boyacá) y Cajicá (Cundinamarca)

Contexto: La dependencia a las fuentes convencionales de energía eléctrica, el agotamiento de los recursos y la necesidad de mejorar la confiabilidad y eficiencia del servicio de energía eléctrica conllevan a la promoción de las fuentes no convencionales de energía eléctrica, como los recursos de biomasa residual pecuaria. Método: Este documento presenta los resultados de los potenciales energéticos teóricos y técnicos a partir del aprovechamiento de los desechos de ganado vacuno en la autogeneración de electricidad para dos casos de estudio, a través de la metodología APRENDYSAGE y del análisis de su viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental, con el software RETScreen.Resultados: La energía eléctrica generada a partir de la implementación de sistemas de biodigestión con recursos de biomasa residual pecuaria y sistemas de autogeneración logra suplir las necesidades propias de un hogar con capacidad instalada de 3 kW.Conclusiones: La inversión económica para la aplicación de este tipo de proyectos es bastante alta; sin embargo, existen beneficios como la reducción de emisiones de efecto invernadero, la reducción de focos de infección debido al manejo inadecuado de la biomasa residual pecuaria, y la producción de biofertilizantes y biogás, que hacen viable la aplicación de estas iniciativas.

Risk factors for human acute leptospirosis in northern Tanzania.

IntroductionLeptospirosis is a major cause of febrile illness in Africa but little is known about risk factors for human infection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity among patients with fever attending referral hospitals in northern Tanzania.MethodsWe enrolled patients with fever from two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, 2012–2014, and performed Leptospira microscopic agglutination testing on acute and convalescent serum. Cases of acute leptospirosis were participants with a four-fold rise in antibody titers, or a single reciprocal titer ≥800. Seropositive participants required a single titer ≥100, and controls had titers <100 in both acute and convalescent samples. We administered a questionnaire to assess risk behaviors over the preceding 30 days. We created cumulative scales of exposure to livestock urine, rodents, and surface water, and calculated odds ratios (OR) for individual behaviors and for cumulative exposure variables.ResultsWe identified 24 acute cases, 252 seropositive participants, and 592 controls. Rice farming (OR 14.6), cleaning cattle waste (OR 4.3), feeding cattle (OR 3.9), farm work (OR 3.3), and an increasing cattle urine exposure score (OR 1.2 per point) were associated with acute leptospirosis.ConclusionsIn our population, exposure to cattle and rice farming were risk factors for acute leptospirosis. Although further data is needed, these results suggest that cattle may be an important source of human leptospirosis. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential for control of livestock Leptospira infection to reduce human disease.

Improvement of Selected Soil Chemical Properties and Potassium Uptake by Mung Beans After Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Ultisol

Recently, application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) in organic farming practices is of importance to prevent further soil degradation due to prolong and massive use of synthetic fertilizer. LOF provides faster plant nutrients than soil organic fertilizer. However, quality of LOF is substantially dependent on its sources. Animal wastes from rabbit, goat, and cattle are scarcely used as sources of LOF production. The study aimed to determine soil chemical improvement and potassium uptake by mung bean as affected by LOF in Ultisol. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, employing Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was animal wastes, consisting of goat, rabbit, and cattle wastes. The second factor was LOF concentration, consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% LOF. LOF was prepared by mixing altogether animal feces, urine, soil, green biomass, EM-4 and fresh water to total volume of 10 l in a plastic container. LOF was decanted to the polybag every week starting at one week after planting for four weeks to a total volume of 750 ml per polybag. Variables observed included soil pH, total organic-C, exchangeable K, soil nitrate-N, K concentration in plant tissue, K-uptake, and shoot dry weight of sweet corn The result showed that application of LOF from rabbit waste had the highest increment of soil pH as compared to the other treatment. However, exchangeable K was observed highest at the treatment of LOF from goat waste. Sources of LOF from animal wastes did not have an effect on K-uptake by mung bean. In addition, application of LOF up to 100% was able to improve soil chemical properties as indicated by the increase in soil pH and exchangeable K. So did the concentration and uptake of K, as well as shoot dry weight. Fertilization with LOF has benefit to the improvement of soil chemical properties leading to better K uptake.

Influence of Farmers Human Resources Quality and Group Conditions on Simantri Application Level in Bali

Simantri is a regional government program started in 2009 which is one of the solutions to overcome the limitation of agricultural land as a result of land conversion and to improvement the farmers income in Bali. The aims of this research were to analyze the condition of Simantri application level in Bali, and also the influence of farmers human resources quality and the Simantri group condition on the application of cattle breeding, food crops, and cattle waste processing. Structured questionaires were used to obtain information from 138 respondents consisting of chairmans, secretaries, and treasurers of forty-six groups of Simantri from 2009-2010. The groups of Simantri selected by purposive sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive method and statistic analysis. Results indicated that on average the Simantri application level classified very high. When viewed from three types of main Simantri activities, it turns out the application level of cattle waste processing on average is classified as moderate. The farmers human resources quality has proved has a positive and significant impact on the application of cattle breeding, food crops, and cattle waste processing. The Simantri group condition statistically has positive but not significant effect on the application of cattle breeding, food crops, and cattle waste processing.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Application Level, Integrated Farming System, Simantri,

Pioneering an Autonomous Village Through the Management of Sustainable Tourism Village Based on Local Potential in Malang Regency

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Valorization of Arid Region Abattoir Animal Waste: Determination of Biomethane Potential

Abattoir waste methanization has historically focused on cattle, swine and poultry wastes. The main objective of the present work is the determination of biomethane potential of organic wastes from arid-region, i.e. animal dung: camel, sheep, goat, cattle; and mixed blood waste. Biomethane potential was determined for the five untreated wastes. In addition the investigated wastes were thermally pretreatment at 120 °C for 30 min and the biomethane potentials of the pretreated wastes were in addition determined. The thermal pretreatment increased the biomethane potential by 30–150%, achieving a maximum of 442 ml CH4/g VS for the thermally pretreated mixed blood waste. The results highlight the potential of using abattoir wastes in arid-regions for biomethane production. Two mathematical models, Gompertz, and modified Gompertz, were used to analyze the experimental data and determine the maximum biomethane production rate. The analysis showed that the modified Gompertz model is more accurate than the Gompertz model giving at biomethane production rate up to 56 ml CH4/g VS/day.

Isolation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus from apparently healthy human animal attendants, cattle and cattle wastes in Tanzania.

The study aimed to isolate and characterize Enterococcus species from apparently healthy waste attendants, cattle and cattle waste in Tanzania. Emphasis was given to antimicrobial resistance and in particular occurrence of vancomycin (VA)-resistant enterococci. Faecal samples were collected from healthy cattle, cattle waste attendants and cattle house wastes, and isolation of Enterococcus species was performed using Slanetz Bartley agar. Isolates were characterized with regard to species, antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of VA resistance genes. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species from all sources of isolation (43·5%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (38·4%). Isolates of E. faecium showed a higher number of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance than isolates of E. faecalis. Fifty-eight isolates, which showed resistance or intermediate resistance to VA by disc diffusion test, were analysed for VA-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) by PCR. The vanA gene was detected in 14 isolates of E. faecium and 12 isolates of E. faecalis, while vanB was detected in three isolates. No isolates were found to carry vanC1-gene. VRE was detected in both human and cattle samples, despite no known use of antimicrobial agents that can select for VRE in livestock in Tanzania. Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly isolated species from cattle and humans. The study provides information on the prevalence of VRE in human and nonhuman samples in Tanzania calling for further studies on the origin of VRE in such isolates, since no selection mechanism in Tanzania are known.

Effect of fermentation time of mixture of solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry to percentage reduction of TSS (Total Suspended Solids)

The waste from tapioca industry is as an organic waste that contains many important compounds such as carbohydrate, protein, and glucose. This research as aimed to know the effect of fermentation time from solid waste combined with waste-water from the tapioca industry to percentage reduction of TSS. The study was started by mixing the solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry at a ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 (w/w) with a starter from solid waste of cattle in a batch anaerobic digester. The percentage reduction of TSS was 72.2289 at a ratio by weight of the composition of solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry was 70:30 after 30 days of fermentation time.