Catfish Waste Research Articles

Effect of feed containing fermented catfish waste by Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on microflora intestine in super native chicken

This study aimed to determine the effect of fermented catfish waste (FCW) Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LBS) microbes in diets on microflora intestine on nativ super chicken. The study used 24 nativ super chickens aged 14 weeks, which were reared for 14 days. The method used was a completely randomized design with six treatments (R0 = Lower control diets without the use of FCW (15% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME); R1 = Diets containing 5% FCW (15% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME); R2 = Diets Containing 10% FCW (15% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME); R3 = Diets containing 15% FCW (15% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME); R4 = Diets containing 20% FCW (15% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME); dan RS = Upper control diets without the use of FCW (CP 18% CP and 2750 kcal/kg ME)) and four replicates. The results showed that the use of FCW by LBS microbes did not have a significant effect (P>0,05) on total intestine microbe and total Escherichia coli and had a considerable impact (P<0.05) on Staphylococcus aureus. Using as much as 5% in the diet formula gave the best Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus value with the lowest value microflora intestine for nativ super chicken.

The digestibility value of local chicken rations fed with feed containing fermented catfish waste

The study aims to determine the effect of fermented patin fish waste (FPFW) by microbes Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LBS) in rations on the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, as well as obtain the level of use that produces the best digestibility of dry matter and protein in local chickens. The study used SNC(SNC) aged 14 weeks, as many as 24 tails, kept for 14 days. The experimental design was randomized, with six treatments and four repeats. Ration treatment is R0 (Lower control ration, protein 15% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without the use of FPFW); R1 (R0 contains 5% FPFW ); R2 (R0 contains 10% FPFW); R3 (R0 contains 15% FPFW); R4 (R0 contains 20% FPFW); and RS (Upper control ration, protein 18% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without use of FPFW). The results showed that the use of FPFW by LBS microbes had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter and ration protein. Using 10% FPFW in the ration formula provides the best digestibility value of dry matter and crude protein of the ration on SNC.

Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention of local chickens fed rations containing fermented catfish waste

The study aimed to determine the effect of fermented catfish waste (FCW) by microbes Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LBS) in rations as a substitute for fish meal on metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention. The study used local chickens (super native chickens / SNC) aged 14 weeks, as many as 24 heads, kept for 14 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments and four repeats. Ration treatment is R0 (Lower control ration, protein 15% and ME 2,750 kcal/kg, without the use of FCW); R1 (R0 contains 5% FCW); R2 (R0 contains 10% FCW); R3 (R0 contains 15% FCW); R4 (R0 contains 20% FCW); and RS (Upper control ration, protein 18% and ME 2,750 kcal/kg, without use of FCW). The results showed that using FCW by LBS microbes had a significant effect (P<0.05) on metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention. Using 10% FCW in the ration formula resulted in the highest metabolizable energy value and nitrogen retention in SNC.

Biodiesel production from waste cat fish oil using heterogeneous catalyst from cat fish born: A viable waste management approach, and ANN modeling of biodiesel yield

Biodiesel from vegetable or animal feedstock can serve as a suitable source for renewable energy. This study utilized heterogeneous catalyst obtained from fish bone for biodiesel production from raw cat fish waste (CFW) oil. The CFW oil yield obtained using wet reduction extraction method was 96.85 %. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by calcination at 600 °C, for 4 h and characterized using SEM-EDX. Catalyst characterization showed suitable elements that can improve the catalytic activity. Physiochemical characterization results showed that viscosity of CFW oil (48.782 mm2/s), reduced to 9.391 mm2/s in the produced biodiesel. Similarly, after transesterification free fatty acid (3.593 mg/KOH/Kg) and acid value (7.186 mg/KOH/Kg) of CFW oil reduced to 1.48 mg/KOH/Kg and 2.96 mg/KOH/Kg, respectively, in the biodiesel. Finding from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrum of the raw CFW oil showed the presence of –OH and was assigned to the axial deformation of water molecule. However, the –OH group disappeared in the FTIR spectrum of biodiesel due to the transesterification process. This observation is consistent with the findings for moisture contents of raw CFW oil (0.073 %) and biodiesel (0.00 %), which showed disappearance of water after transesterification. The biodiesel yield was further modeled using three algorithms (Scaled conjugate gradient, Bayesian regularization and Levenberg maraquardt) of the artificial neural network (ANN). It was evident that the predictions from the Scaled conjugate gradient algorithm were comparable to the experimental responses. Finally, transesterification of raw CFW oil using heterogeneous catalyst from fish bone, was a cost-effective approach for biodiesel production.

Extraction of Oil From Solid Fat of Silver Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Waste by Centrifugation

Oil extracted from fish waste could be a source of valuable fatty acids such as saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this study, the solid fat from silver catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) waste was used to extract oil by centrifugation using different extraction solvent (distilled water, 70% ethanol, 70% acetone and 70% cyclohexane), rotation time (15, 25, 35 & 45 min), rotational speed (2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 & 10000 r.p.m) and rotational temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 & 25 °C). The compositions of fatty acids in the extracted oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The highest oil yield of 156.7 ± 16.7 mg/g was achieved by centrifugation at 10000 r.p.m, 25 °C for 15 min using 70% acetone. The extracted oil contains 0.0223 mg/g palmitic acid, 0.0216 mg/g steric acid, and 0.0262 mg/g oleic acid. However, the essential PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could not be detected by GC-MS analysis. This study found that the fish oil extracted from the solid fat of the silver catfish waste can be used as a potential source of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid.

Utilization of urban waste as liquid organic fertilizer for vegetable crops in urban farming system

Converting vegetable, fruit, food, fish offal and slaughterhouse waste that become a problem for the community in the urban areas into useful plant fertilizer is the solution. This study aims to determine (1) the potential of urban organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer and (2) the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) in increasing the growth and yield of vegetable crops in urban farming systems. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with some treatments P0 (control) and P1 (LOF with 6 types of waste) consisting of P2 (vegetable waste), P3 (fruit waste), P4 (sprouts waste), P5 (food waste), P6 (catfish waste) and P7 (blood waste). The treatment was repeated 3 times for a total of 28 experimental units. The three vegetable plants; eggplant, Bok Choy and mustard, were used in the experiment. The study found that liquid organic fertilizers from vegetables, fruit, sprout, food, fish, blood waste and mixed waste all contain organic matter, varying amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), carbon (C), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and humic acid. All liquid organic fertilizer treatments increased eggplant and Bok Choy vegetable growth and yield; however, the type of organic waste used as a raw material for LOF did not affect growth but eggplant and Bok Choy yield. LOF from blood waste (P7) and fish waste (P6) has higher measured nutrients and yield from eggplant, Bok Choy and mustard vegetables than other treatments.

Oil extraction from catfish (Netuma barba) waste through the supercritical fluid

SummaryThis work aimed at oil extraction from catfish (Netuma barba) heads through the CO2 supercritical fluid (SFE‐CO2), and the ranges of supercritical conditions were extraction time (1 and 3 h), temperature (40 and 60 °C) and pressure (15 and 25 MPA). The crude oil from catfish heads presented the yield in the thermomechanical extraction was 86% compared to the Bligh and Dyer method, with concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid DHA of approximately 9.0% and 11.9%, respectively, in the catfish oil profiles after the refining process. In the supercritical extraction, the highest yield was around 84% at 25 MPa and 40 °C in 3 h, with lower concentrations of EPA and DHA, respectively, 2.1% and 9.1%. At 25 MPa, 60 °C and 3 h, the extraction yield was around 81%, with concentrations of EPA and DHA about 3.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The highest concentration of EPA and DHA was 18.3% found in the experiment at 25 MPa, 40 °C and 1 h. The catfish head oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction process (SFE‐CO2) showed similar characteristics to oil obtained by thermomechanical extraction and chemically refined. Thus, SFE‐CO2, besides being a promising potential for use of the fish waste, leads to sustainable food production through green technology.

Potential Utilization of Catfish Wastewater, Livestock Manure and Waste of Fish as Media and Nutrition for Organic Hydroponic

Organic Hydroponics is cultivation on a planting medium without soil with a source of nutrients obtained from the decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. Catfish cultivation wastewater and agricultural waste can be used as an alternative planting medium and a source of nutrients in organic hydroponic cultivation systems. This study aimed to determine the plant nutrient content in catfish culture wastewater added with cow dung, chicken manure, trash fish waste, and catfish waste; and to determine the growth of mustard greens and lettuce which were cultivated hydroponically in a growing medium of catfish wastewater added with cow dung, chicken manure, trash fish waste, and catfish waste. The results showed that the solution of catfish culture wastewater added with catfish waste contained nutrients N 220.0 ppm, P 166.3 ppm K 154.4 ppm Ca 65.9 ppm Fe 4.4 ppm; catfish culture wastewater added with trash fish waste contains 50.0 ppm N; P 10.8 ppm; K 173.4 ppm; Ca 219.4 ppm and Fe 3.2 ppm; catfish culture wastewater added with cow dung contained nutrients N 300.0 ppm, P 293.4ppm K 1026.8 ppm Ca 413.6 ppm Fe 64.9 ppm, while those given chicken manure included N 100.0 ppm; P 76.1 ppm; K 471.1ppm; Ca 299.9ppm and Fe 27.3ppm. While catfish culture wastewater contains 55.2 ppm of N nutrients; P 6.4 ppm; K 7.0 ppm; Ca 14.2 ppm; Fe 0.4 ppm. The growth of lettuce in the growing media of catfish culture wastewater given trash fish and catfish was relatively the same, namely 37.7% and 37.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the growth of mustard pakcoy grown on planting media given chicken manure (47.6%) was higher than the growth of mustard pakcoy grown on cow dung (33.3%). The addition of 50% ABmix nutrients increased the growth of mustard pakcoy on media that was given chicken manure by 81.7%; pakcoy on media that was given cow dung waste by 74.8%; Meanwhile, the addition of ABmix 50% nutrients increased the growth of lettuce on media that was given catfish meal by 64.4%, and on media that was given trash fish meal by 61.9%. Research shows a high potential for using organic waste as a medium and source of organic hydroponic cultivation fertilizer.

Utilization of enzyme hydrolysis from Shrimp Head in improve the quality catfish

Protein is one of the most important components that can support the growth and development of catfish. The price of feed with high protein content which is relatively expensive is a big problem in the catfish farming process. On the one hand, there is shrimp head waste which is a source of protein with a protein content of 42.16% - 49.8% which has not been utilized and is disposed of as waste. Through this research, the shrimp head waste was carried out by an enzyme hydrolysis process to produce shrimp soluble extract (SSE) using a protease enzyme. The SSE that has been produced is then given to catfish aged 14 days to support the addition of protein sources for the growth of catfish. During the 1 month trial, there was a significant difference in results in the treatment catfish with the addition of 2% SSE compared to the control catfish. The addition of SSE gave a very good effect on the weight of catfish which was randomly distributed in a tank containing 50 catfish with an average initial weight of 0.6-0.8 grams. The provision of SSE was carried out simultaneously with the provision of standard fish feed, namely 3 times a day. The increase in catfish weight after being treated was about 2 grams/week. This indicates that SSE can increase the growth of catfish and can be used as an alternative supplement in the future because in addition to reducing the level of pollution due to catfish waste, it can also be a new discovery in the field of fisheries.

Improvement of Catfish (Claris sp.) Production on Limited Land in Bukit Dempo Village, Belinyu

The potential of freshwater fisheries in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province, is sufficient to support fisheries activities in this area. An activity that is quite prominent is catfish farming using swamps and tarpaulin ponds on limited land. In this study, the analysis of cultivation activities was carried out on the Bukit Dempo community group who became partners in the national community service activities, in cooperation with Universitas Airlangga and Bangka Belitung University. Characteristics of the pond using a combination of fixed nets with a net diameter of 0.5 cm. In the pond also found water plants in the form of water hyacinth which is expected to be able to make a symbiotic use of the organic material that has been left behind from feed and catfish waste. The cultivation system is classified as semi-intensive with a combination of commercial feed with high protein (31-33%). The main problem in this cultivation system is low productivity and the lack of technology applied in an effort to increase production efficiency Furthermore, high production yields are marketed to Pangkal Pinang City and also to local areas around the Belinyu sub-district. Technical constraints include Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) due to the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophylla, which causes about 10% of mortality in commodities before harvest. There has been no treatment action in overcoming the disease, so it is necessary to be careful in avoiding death due to disease by observing catfish at the change of seasons.

Effect of Giving Organic Waste-Based Poc To The Growth of Kailan Plants (Brassica Oleracea L)

This study combined the use of variable doses of liquid organic fertilizers made from organic waste, wich a Factorial experimental study that uses a Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 2 treatment factors. Factor I treatment is a type of POC raw material consisting of 7 levels: P0= Comparison without the provision of liquid organic fertilizer, but given basic fertilizer; P1= Given POC made from a mixture of materials 2 to 7; P2=Given POC made from vegetable waste (tomatoes and mustard); P3= Given POC made from waste fruits (bananas and papaya); P4= Given POC made from germinated waste; P5= Given POC made from waste food catering; P6= Given POC made from catfish waste; P7= Given POC made from animal slaughterhouse waste (cow's blood). The treatment of Factor II is the concentration of POC giving includes 3 levels, namely: K1= POC concentration of 4%=40 ml/ liter of solution; K2= POC concentration of 8%=80 ml/liter solution; K3= POC concentration of 12%=120 ml/liter of solution. The parameters of observations made on kailan plants include: the number and length of the plant. By comparing the concentration treatment of K1, K2 and K3 mentioned above, the K2 treatment (concentration of 8% POC) exerts a better influence than the treatment of K1 and K3, although it is not real from the K3 treatment. This shows that the use of POC made from organic waste with a concentration of 8% POC provides a significant influence that can play a role in increasing soil fertility and plant productivity.

Functional Properties of Collagen Extracted from Catfish (Silurus triostegus) Waste.

Collagen is used for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical uses, such as osteoarthritis-related pain management, hypertension, tissue engineering, and human implants, and is generally derived from porcine or bovine. Collagen from these animals has limitations due to the risk of disease transmission and religious constraints. Therefore, this study investigated the extraction of collagen from catfish (Silurus triostegus) waste. Acid-solubilized collagen and pepsin-solubilized collagen were extracted from catfish skin, fin, head, bone, and muscle. SDS-PAGE patterns of the extracted collagen showed that the protein molecular weights ranged from 97 to 200 kDa and skin, bone, and fin collagen consisted of 2 distinct α chains, which is typical of type 1 collagen. The proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) and yield of the obtained extracts were determined. Skin collagen extracts were selected for further investigation due to the high collagen yield. The effects of the pH and salt concentration on solubility, and the denaturation temperature, FTIR spectra, reverse-phase HPLC, and SEM analysis were investigated to characterize the collagen samples. Based on the characterization of catfish skin collagen, this waste material has potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Functional groups of bio-lubricants from crude catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus)

Bio-lubricants have great potential in the production of lubricating in the future. Several studies have developed animal oils as lubricants, which come from a by-product of fish processing. Fish oil extracted from the material and processed into bio-lubricants reached the highest yield of 94%. This research aimed to study the bio-lubricants functional groups. The research steps extracted crude fish oil as raw material, hydrolysis using HCl catalyst, polymerization using benzoyl peroxide, and polyesterification using ethylene glycol. The extraction process used the wet rendering method with a ratio of catfish waste (viscera) to the water of 1:2 (w/v) at 70 °C for 30 minutes. The best bio-lubricants were analyzed for functional groups using an FT-IR instrument with a wave range of 4000-450 cm−1. The results obtained were the absorption wavelength peak of 3472 cm−1, indicating O-H bonds with the sloping peak and the weak bond. The absorption wave peak of 3006-2852 cm−1 indicated a strong C-H bond (alkane). The absorption wave peaks of 1743 cm−1 indicated the presence of a C=O double bond. The adsorption wave peaks at 1465 cm−1 indicated carbon chain bonds between C-C, while the absorption wave peaks at 1115 and 1174 cm−1 indicated C-O bonds. The three spectral indicated that the ester groups formed in bio-lubricants. In the polymerization reaction, there was no absorption wave of 1600-1500 cm−1 which indicated that all C=C groups had been polymerized by benzoyl peroxide. Meanwhile, a sloping absorption wave of 3472 cm−1 was found in the polyesterification reaction due to the weak O-H bond. The analysis obtained above showed the differences in wave peak between bio-lubricant and crude fish oil as raw material but had the same group shape.

STABILITY OF SILAGE MADE CATFISH WASTE WITH THE BACKSLOPPING FERMENTATION METHOD DURING STORAGE

This study was purpose to evaluate the stability of pH, NPN and proximate value of catfish waste silage made by adding the backslop method inoculum during storage. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RAK), as the treatment was silage without inoculum and silage added inoculum, while silage storage was as a group (0,7,15 and 21). The parameters evaluated were pH, NPN and proximate. The results showed that the pH of the silage with the addition of an inoculum and without an inoculum was relatively stable because it was at pH 4. Statistical analysis showed that the average pH value of the inoculum added silage was lower than the inoculum silage and was not significantly different (p> 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the average value of NPN with inoculum added silage was lower than that of silage without inoculum. Silage without inoculum and silage inoculum on day 7, 15 and 21 were significantly different (p> 0.05) while on day 0 they were not significantly different (p> 0.05). High proximate silage content is found in silage added with inoculum with a water content value of 66.60%, ash 1.49%, protein 20.60%, fat 3.02%.

Utilization of Biofloc System Catfish Pond Waste Nutrients in the Cultivation of Kale, Spinach, Pakcoy, and Lettuce Using the Aquaponic System

The cultivation of catfish using the biofloc system produces waste in the form of remaining ponds that can be used for aquaponic farming systems. The combination of fermentation between catfish waste and chicken manure affects the growth of kale, lettuce, pakcoy, and spinach with an aquaponic system. This research was conducted in the ALC (Agro Learning Center) garden in collaboration with the Master of Agricultural Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program of Warmadewa University. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and oven dry weight. The best results for plant height are found in spinach plants. The best number of leaves is found in pakcoy plants. As for fresh weight and dry weight the best results were on pakcoy plants. The best concentration of combination of catfish waste fermentation with chicken manure is at a concentration of 1400 ppm.

Gelatin Extraction from the Bangladeshi Pangas Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) Waste and Comparative Study of Their Physicochemical Properties with a Commercial Gelatin

Abstract- Production of gelatin from the aquatic source is gradually replacing the mammalian sources because of some socio-cultural and religious issues. The Pangasius pangasius catfish is a native species and very popular in Bangladesh due to their availability and cheap price. The perspective of this study was to extract the gelatin from the skin and bones of this catfish and compare them with commercial gelatin. Gelatin was extracted by applying the acid-base extraction process and the resultant gelatins were evaluated based on some physical properties. The gelatin yield was found significantly higher from the skin sample (10.85±0.93%) than the bone (5.23±0.39%) of Pangasius. The extracted skin gelatin had higher moisture and fat content than the bone and Commercial gelatin, while the ash content was significantly higher in bone gelatin. Protein content was noted in skin gelatin (81.34±3.45%), bone gelatin (73.44±2.58%), Where commercial gelatin (92.38±3.89%). Skin gelatin exerted significantly higher (p<0.05) viscosity (4.62±0.3 mPa.s) than the extracted bone gelatin (3.11±.24 mPa.s) and lower than the commercial gelatin (5.76±0.34 mPa.s). The melting and setting temperature of this catfish skin and bone gelatin were very near to each other and significantly lower than the commercial gelatin. Skin gelatin had exerted higher water holding capacity (2.36±0.11 ml/g), fat binding capacity (3.23±0.05 ml/g), foaming capacity ratio (1.88±0.07), and foam stability (1.51±0.04). Both the skin and bone gelatins were acidic. In this comparative study, it was noticed that the skin gelatin had better physical properties than the bone gelatin of native Pangasius catfish. Pangasius skin may be recognized as a potential aquatic source of edible gelatin with good yield and desirable physical properties comparing with commercial gelatin.

Addition of fermented catfish waste into ration for increasing performance of Drake in Growth Period

Utilization of organic waste is wasted by fermentation into quality feed ingredients in an effort to improve drake performance. Good farming zero waste. This study aims to study the effect of FCW (fermented catfish waste) to improve drake performance and obtain levels of use of fermented catfish waste in rations that produce the best drake performance. The research method uses a completely randomized experimental design (CRD) 4 treatment rations (0, 1.67, 3.33, and 5% FCW) each treatment repeats 5 times. One hundred drake aged 1 day were kept until 12 weeks old, put in 20 units of the cage. The results showed that the addition of FCW in the ration had a significant influence on drake performance. The ration given 10% FCW produced the best drake performance. This is supported by the following data the average consumption of drake rations that is 8.240 gram, the average weight gain 2.280 gram, and the average conversion rations 3.61.

Characterization of Arthrospira platensis cultured in wastewater of Clarias catfish farming media: DNA barcode, helical form, growth, and phycocyanin

Abstract. Wijayanti M, Syafudin M, Yulisman, Nurianti Y, Hidayani A, Gofar N. 2020. Characterization of Arthrospira platensis cultured in wastewater of Clarias catfish farming media: DNA barcode, helical form, growth, and phycocyanin. Biodiversitas 21: 5872-5883. Arthrospira production technology in catfish waste media can be an alternative to reduce environmental pollution. However, some environmental factors such as nutrition, light, and water content can influence characterization of Arthrospira at the genetic and physiologic level. Arthrospira platensis is one of the phycocyanin-producing cyanobacteria and can be cultured using catfish culture wastewater. Water quality especially pH and salinity can effect of growth rate and residue of phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis. This study aimed to identify the species and morphological forms of Arthrospira cultured using technical fertilizer and waste media, as well as to know the phylogenetic trees between species in this study and the GeneBank based on the 16S rRNA gene, and determine the optimum of pH and salinity required in the medium of catfish culture wastewater to phycocyanin maximum production of Arthrospira. The optimation of pH and salinity method used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors consisting of the first factor with 3 treatments and the second factor with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The first factor was pH of culture medium i.e. pH 6.5 ± 0.2, pH 8.5 ± 0.2 and pH 10.5 ± 0.2. The second factor was salinity of culture medium, that was salinity 0 ppt (parts per thousand/‰), 10 ppt, 20 ppt, and 30 ppt. Parameters observed in Arthrospira include density, growth rate, rendement of phycocyanin, and decreased total nitrogen and phosphate content in culture media. The results showed that morphology Arthrospira cultured on technical fertilizer media (AF) had a longer and helix filament compared to Arthrospira cultured on waste media (AW) which showed several linear and shorter filaments. Both samples have a genetic distance of 0.068 (6.8%). Phylogenetic trees indicated that AF had a close relationship with Arthrospira platensis petH from Japan (bootstrap value 95%). While AW formed a separate sub-cluster of AF isolates and Arthrospira platensis petH from Japan (bootstrap value of 85%). The best treatment in this study was P2S3 (pH 8.5 ± 0.2 with salinity 20 ppt), which produced 0.867 grams maximum density, growth rate of 22.026 %.day-1 and 11.347 mg.g1 rendement of phycocyanin.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kolam Lele dan Bacillus sp untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil Padi (Oryza sativa)

Abstract— Catfish pond waste has a high content of organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen) which can be used as a source of nutrition for rice plants, but on the other hand it also contains ammonia which can interfere with rice growth. Therefore, research is needed to reduce the negative effects of using catfish pond waste. in rice cultivation, by utilizing Bacillus sp. The purpose of this research is to obtain information about how to use catfish pond waste for rice cultivation, by utilizing the Bacillus sp. Bacteria. Bacillus sp is thought to increase nutrient availability for rice. The method to be carried out in this study used a randomized block design with treatment A0 (control), A1 (Bacillus sp), A2 (catfish waste), A3 (catfish waste + Bacillus sp), A4 (Urea fertilizer). The results of this study found that pond waste and Bacillus sp. Affected the growth and yield of rice. The highest results were obtained in the combination treatment of pond waste with Bacillus sp. Keywords—: Bacillus sp; catfish pond waste; organic rice.

Organic Matter Composition and Phosphorus Speciation of Solid Waste from an African Catfish Recirculating Aquaculture System

Recycling of phosphorus (P) from feed input in aquaculture systems gains increasing importance, especially relating to sustainable agriculture and food production. In order to find possible areas of application of African catfish solid waste, the purpose of this study was to characterize the elemental and organic matter composition and P speciation in the aquaculture fish waste. Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) was used to investigate the composition of organic matter and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe the occurring P-containing compounds in African catfish solid waste from an intensive recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The solid fish waste was mainly composed of sterols, free fatty acids and alkylaromatics, as it is common for digestive systems of animals. Ingredients such as the phytosterol beta-sitosterin confirm plant-based feed ingredients and some recalcitrance against digestion in the African catfish gut. The P in the solid fish waste was exclusively bound as calcium-phosphates. These calcium-phosphate minerals as major constituents of African catfish waste may have beneficial effects when applied to soils, suggesting the use of this waste as possible soil amendment in the future.