Abstract
Recycling of phosphorus (P) from feed input in aquaculture systems gains increasing importance, especially relating to sustainable agriculture and food production. In order to find possible areas of application of African catfish solid waste, the purpose of this study was to characterize the elemental and organic matter composition and P speciation in the aquaculture fish waste. Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) was used to investigate the composition of organic matter and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe the occurring P-containing compounds in African catfish solid waste from an intensive recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The solid fish waste was mainly composed of sterols, free fatty acids and alkylaromatics, as it is common for digestive systems of animals. Ingredients such as the phytosterol beta-sitosterin confirm plant-based feed ingredients and some recalcitrance against digestion in the African catfish gut. The P in the solid fish waste was exclusively bound as calcium-phosphates. These calcium-phosphate minerals as major constituents of African catfish waste may have beneficial effects when applied to soils, suggesting the use of this waste as possible soil amendment in the future.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is one essential element for organism growth and a key factor limiting the primary production of plants in various ecosystems [1]
We found that the concentration of total P and Ca, largely bound as Ca-phosphates, were higher in semi-intensive aquaculture system (SIAS) than in extensive aquaculture system (EAS) and intensive aquaculture system (IAS)
The methodological approach of using Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy as methods to determine organic matter composition and P speciation of solid African catfish recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) waste samples was appropriate
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is one essential element for organism growth and a key factor limiting the primary production of plants in various ecosystems [1]. Developing circular flows of P in agriculture can enhance the environmental sustainability of P use [2,3]. Recycling P from biological waste materials contributes to a sustainable P management [4,5]. Have the potential to become one of the most sustainable animal protein production systems [6]. To assess possible environmental impacts and to enable nutrient reuse, it is highly relevant to identify the composition of aquaculture fish waste [9]
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