Categories Of Victims Research Articles

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MALAYSIAN LAWS

In Malaysia, matters pertaining to domestic violence are governed by the Domestic Violence Act 1994 (DVA 1994) (Act 521). The DVA 1994 uses the term “domestic violence†rather than “intimate partner violence†(IPV). Definition of domestic violence not only describe the types of domestic violence are, it also identifies the victims of domestic violence. Those who fall under the category of domestic violence victims may seek legal protection under the DVA 1994 namely protection orders, compensation and access to a rehabilitation programme. Unlike domestic violence, the term ‘IPV’ is not defined by the DVA 1994. This may raise a question regarding the status of IPV victims on whether they are protected under the said Act. The research examines the definitions of domestic violence and IPV, how the DVA 1994 protects domestic violence victims, and to what extent legal protection is given to IPV victims. This article adopts the doctrinal legal research involving a detailed analysis of the DVA 1994, the Penal Code (Act 574), the Criminal Procedure Code (Act 593) and case law. This research found that the definition of IPV within the DVA 1994 arguably cover only spouses and former spouses, leaving other unmentioned intimate relationships such as cohabitation and dating partner outside of the application of the Act. Although not covered by the DVA 1994, if individuals in such relationships are harmed by their partners, they can lodge a police report for violation of the criminal provisions of the Penal Code for legal action to be taken.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MALAYSIAN LAWS

In Malaysia, matters pertaining to domestic violence are governed by the Domestic Violence Act 1994 (DVA 1994) (Act 521). The DVA 1994 uses the term “domestic violence” rather than “intimate partner violence” (IPV). Definition of domestic violence not only describe the types of domestic violence are, it also identifies the victims of domestic violence. Those who fall under the category of domestic violence victims may seek legal protection under the DVA 1994 namely protection orders, compensation and access to a rehabilitation programme. Unlike domestic violence, the term ‘IPV’ is not defined by the DVA 1994. This may raise a question regarding the status of IPV victims on whether they are protected under the said Act. The research examines the definitions of domestic violence and IPV, how the DVA 1994 protects domestic violence victims, and to what extent legal protection is given to IPV victims. This article adopts the doctrinal legal research involving a detailed analysis of the DVA 1994, the Penal Code (Act 574), the Criminal Procedure Code (Act 593) and case law. This research found that the definition of IPV within the DVA 1994 arguably cover only spouses and former spouses, leaving other unmentioned intimate relationships such as cohabitation and dating partner outside of the application of the Act. Although not covered by the DVA 1994, if individuals in such relationships are harmed by their partners, they can lodge a police report for violation of the criminal provisions of the Penal Code for legal action to be taken.

A review on status of incarcerated prisoners with an unsound mind and need for remedies to protect their constitutional rights.

There is limited research in India focusing on the criminal justice system issues involving a special category of victims and accused suffering from unsoundness of mind. According to the Mental Health Care Act, 2017, they need immediate mental health services, as denial of the same is a violation of their fundamental right. Despite several advancements, people with unsound mind serving their sentences in the prisons constitute a major lot of the total prison population in India, despite the fact that they are the most helpless targets of human rights violations. Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code provides a constitutional right to an accused with unsound mind to seek defense against prosecution; but due to lack of awareness and acceptance and also due to outdated testing methods, the law is not under frequent practice and not exercised to its complete worth. By compromising on the procedure established by law, they are kept under trial in judicial custody. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify and address such victims and provide them with right care and protection that the constitution entitles them. This review article is an attempt to explore and highlight this issue, to raise a voice for identification of such violations, to provide means to deliberate medicolegal aid, and lastly to find out probable solutions, recommendations, and suggestions for a better administration of justice by providing legal security to the protection of basic human rights of people with an unsound mind.

Assessing the quality of life among nonfatal road traffic accident victims by using WHO-QOL-BREF

Background/Objectives: Road traffic accident affects people more in terms of disability with prolonged treatment than premature death. More people suffer from nonfatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. The study aims to report the quality of life among nonfatal road traffic accident victims of Karnataka state, India. Methodology: Consecutive data of 6 years (2013–2018) on road traffic injuries of the state of Karnataka were collected from the States Crimes Records Bureau of Karnataka. The contact details of victims categorized as nonfatal were traced out. Finally, 286 nonfatal cases were selected as respondents. Data were collected using WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire to measure the quality of life. Results: The better quality of life in all the four domains, that is, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health, was found among the less injured category of victims. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) among the different categories of accidents as well as the types of postaccident occupation of the respondents for all the four domains. A significant variation was found across different age groups for the physical health domain. Respondents of below 18 years were found with the better mean score for all the domains. Similar differences are observed for education for all the domains, except the social relation domain. The Mann–Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference between those who received the compensation and those who did not receive the compensation for the psychological domain. Conclusions: The study warrants policy-related measures with ease of compensation procedures by simplifying the insurance processes and counseling. Indeed, rehabilitation measures need to be taken seriously by the government as the support system is vital for the improvement for quality of life among road traffic accident victims.

Axiological aspects of social protection of individuals affected by radiation

The purpose of the research is determined by the value of human life, which has been recognized absolute since ancient times. Despite the fact that it does not depend on government activities, it is necessary to adopt measures to protect life and create conditions for this. The government should protect individuals by performing actions and ensuring their rights. One of the manifestations of protective actions is legislative consolidation of the right to life and health protection, whose implementation becomes the main measure aimed at compensating for the harm caused by the negative impact of radiation. Based on the analysis of the Russian legislation on social protection of citizens affected by radiation exposure, the axiological aspects of the legal measures are described. The understanding of human life and health as the highest value protected by law is in line with the constitutional principles and norms of international law. The author concludes about the importance of ensuring universality in the exercise of these rights under the negative impact of radiation caused by various factors in relation to all categories of victims. The research results can become the basis for further research on social security in improving the legislation and law enforcement practice.

VICTIM BLAIMING AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM

The article characterizes victim blaming as a social phenomenon and a social problem. Victimblaming is an act of devaluation that occurs when the victim of a crime is liable – in whole or in part – for the crime committed against him/her. This guilt can manifest itself in the form of a negative social reaction from professionals (lawyers, doctors, social workers, psychologists), the media, relatives, acquaintances. The evolution of victim blaming research in different branches of science is traced. The main causes of victim blaming are characterized (patriarchal customs, tolerance of certain types of violence, belief in a fair world, imperfection of the justice system, attribution errors, invulnerability theory, formed social stereotypes about the image of the victim). The main definitions that correlate with victim blaming are characterized. It is noted that victim blaming can occur in all spheres of public life and take the form of domestic, unconscious, or mass and purposeful behavior. Victimblaming as a form of violence can take various forms – both psychological and physical, although usually victims of crime are subjected to psychological pressure in the form of humiliation, insult or devaluation. Gender is a social characteristic that increases the risk of being accused, so several categories of female victims are most often victimized: rape victims, victims of sexual harassment, and sex workers. The social consequences of victimization are outlined for victims who are less likely to report future violence in an attempt to avoid secondary victimization due to a lack of social support and social empathy. It is noted that victim blaming as a social problem causes a whole range of social problems: it destroys the security atmosphere, contributes to the normalization of violence in the mass consciousness and complicates the process of providing social and psychological assistance to its victims.

Low Self-Control, the Adventurer Personality, and Victimization: A Tourism Evaluation

ABSTRACT There is a dearth of research examining criminal victimization among tourists and travelers. Additionally, with the exception of the routine activities framework, none of the leading criminological perspectives have been applied to study tourism victimization. In this paper, we apply a dominant criminological perspective, self-control theory, and an emerging perspective on tourist personality inventory, the Jackson Tourist Personality Inventory, to examine risks of victimization among a sample of tourists. We also assess whether the adventurer tourist personality inventory influences risks of victimization beyond an individual’s self-control. Employing three categories of victimization – personal victimization, property victimization, and other victimization – we found low self-control predicted two types of victimization (property victimization and other victimization) while the adventurer tourist personality type was a significant predictor of one type of victimization (property victimization). We also uncovered that the characteristics of an adventurer tourist were not related to victimization risks after a tourist’s self-control has been taken into consideration. Finally, we found that under conditions of very low self-control, the adventurer tourist measure was related to property victimization. Theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Stress-related hippocampus activation mediates the association between polyvictimization and trait anxiety in adolescents.

Early life stress exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes and heightened anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Stress-sensitive brain regions like the hippocampus and amygdala are particularly impacted by early life adversities and are also implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. However, to date, no studies have specifically examined the neural correlates of polyvictimization (exposure to multiple categories of victimization) or the contribution of stress-sensitive neural nodes to polyvictimization’s impact on mental health. To elucidate these relationships, the current study analyzed associations between polyvictimization, hippocampal and amygdalar activation during an acute stress task and trait anxiety in a sample of 80 children and adolescents aged 9–16 years (33 female participants). Results showed that polyvictimization was associated with higher trait anxiety as well as greater stress-related right hippocampus activation, and this greater hippocampal activity predicted heightened trait anxiety. Robust mediation analyses revealed that stress-related right hippocampus activation partially mediated the relationship between polyvictimization and trait anxiety. Our results expand upon the existing polyvictimization literature by suggesting a possible neurobiological pathway through which polyvictimization is connected to the etiology of mental illness.

Police Victimization and Insecurity in Mathare North Nairobi City County, Kenya

Police victimization is one of the growing cases in Kenya. There are reported cases of police being subjected to beatings and assault by citizens particularly in the low-income areas in Nairobi. Most of these reported cases have been traced to police actions, perceptions of community towards the police and even inadequate resources that the police use. These in turn affect the security situation. It is upon this backdrop that this study envisaged to scrutinize police victimization and security in Mathare North, Nairobi City County. The specific objectives of the research were; to examine the categories of police victimization and their implications on security in Mathare North, to analyze the causes of police victimization and their implications on security in Mathare North, and to evaluate the state of security in Mathare North and how it could be related to police victimization. The life style theory of victimization was used in the research. An exploratory research design based on primary data method was relied on in the study. In conducting this research, the target population was 321 police officers in Mathare North, Nairobi City County comprising of the 147 General Duty Police, 101 traffic police and 73 Administration Police. A sample size of 97police officers was selected from the target populace of Mathare North, Nairobi City County. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires while the analysis employing descriptive and content analysis. The test for reliability showed that the variables used were reliable (Cronbach alpha was 0.759). The outcome from the study revealed that killings of the police was the main form of police victimization as shown by mean of 3.9829, followed by intimidation of police with mean of 3.7358 and assaults with mean of 3.6470. Sixty-three (63) respondents duly filled the questionnaires representing 64 percent of the total respondents. The findings revealed that the main causes of police victimization were proliferation of illegal firearms among civilians, lack of adherence to the justice system, corruption in the police, human rights violations and lack of public trust in the police. The findings revealed further that government support was necessary and influenced the relationship between police victimization and insecurity in Mathare North as shown by mean of 3.7437. The respondents agreed at mean of 3.7426 that police victimization negatively affect the security of Mathare North. A correlation test was also done and revealed that police killings, assaults on police and intimidation of police were significantly and positively correlated with insecurity based on their correlation coefficients of 0.476, 0.512 and 0.495 respectively. A regression analysis was also carried out and from the findings; police killings had a significant and positive effect on the insecurity of Mathare North with regression coefficient being 0.899 and p value of 0.006. Assault on the police had a significant and positive effect on insecurity of Mathare North as shown by regression coefficient of 1.020 and p value of 0.001. Intimidation of police had a positive and significant effect on the insecurity of Mathare North with a regression coefficient of 0.894 and p value of 0.004. The study recommends that the government should strengthen collaboration between the National Police Service and civilians in Mathare North to prevent cases of insecurity arising from police victimization. The study further recommends that the government must improve on its support in terms of equipment’s to the police in the area so that they can be able to defend themselves while maintaining the security in Mathare. Future studies should focus on other low-income settlements in Nairobi and major towns in Kenya.

Features of Interrogation of Minor Victims in the Pre-Trial Investigation

Comprehensive protection of minors is one of the priority areas of criminal law policy. The pre-trial investigation, and their interrogation as its part, occupies a special place in the process of protection of minors and restoration of their violated rights. The interrogation of minors is a special procedure with clearly defined requirements. The aim of the study was to identify gaps in the regulation of interrogation of minors and suggest ways to address them. The methods used: system approach; descriptive statistics; comparison and juxtaposition; descriptive analysis; pragmatic approach; prognostication. The tactics of interrogation of a minor victim of a crime are legally defined in the national criminal procedural legislation of the vast majority of countries. The principles, rules, main measures, and purpose of interrogation of this category of victims in the pre-trial investigation are enshrined in the provisions of international regulations. These rules are based on the principle of child-friendly justice. But the practical conduct of the interrogation has several gaps, so it is necessary to clarify the rules of international and national regulations on certain provisions.

История борьбы с бешенством в Украине со времен Пастера до наших дней

Бешенство остается древнейшим вирусным зоонозным заболеванием, которое всегда заканчивается летально и которое в наши дни широко распространено по всему миру и ежегодно вызывает смерть около 60 тысяч человек. Поскольку борьба с ликвидацией гидрофобии в Украине ведется уже более 135 лет, нашей целью было напомнить о проблемах и успехах оказания антирабической помощи в разные периоды эпизоотического процесса в прошлом веке, напомнить основные специфические особенности заражения и показать реальные проблемы в наши дни. Материалами для анализа были архивные данные из сводных отчетов областных СЭС, Института эпидемиологии и инфекционных заболеваний имени Л.В. Громашевского, лаборатории нейроинфекций ИВМ НААН Украины, а также отчеты областных администраций ветеринарной медицины Госпродпотребслужбы Украины. Было показано, что пики эпизоотий наблюдались в определенные исторические периоды. Во время первого периода, городского бешенства (собак), свою эффективность показали массовые вакцинации собак в комплексе с жесткой регуляцией численности бездомных животных. Второй период, связанный с лисьим бешенством, продолжался 30 лет, из которых почти 20 лет были относительно благополучными, чему способствовало строжайшее соблюдение во всех областях Украины мер по регуляции численности лисиц. В начале XXI века резко повысилась напряженность эпизоотического процесса. При этом во всех областях численность лисиц уже не поддерживалась на безопасном уровне, и их заболеваемость увеличилась почти в 20 раз. Начатая в 2001 году пероральная вакцинация до настоящего времени проводится не в полном объеме. Вакцинация домашних плотоядных животных также не достигает необходимого уровня покрытия 70 % популяции. Пытаются прививать и бездомных животных, хотя уже давно доказано, что в период постоянных стрессов и переохлаждения вакцина не вызывает выработку иммунитета до защитного уровня. Таким образом, в настоящее время главную проблему при обращении за антирабической помощью составляют собаки. Так, в 2019 году за помощью по поводу укуса собакой обратились 51 232 человека. В целом в 2019 году за антирабической помощью обратились 73 962 человека, прививки были назначены 21 980 лицам. С тяжелыми укусами отмечалось 4039 человек, из них 1161 человек были укушены больным животным с подтвержденным диагнозом и 777 человек были укушены дикими животными (то есть 1938 человек были спасены от смерти), а 16 113 лицам, получившим легкие укусы (73,3 % от числа привитых), было дано 10 дней для выяснения опасности укуса, но сделать это не удалось, так как укусившее животное убежало. За счет этой категории пострадавших количество привитых резко увеличивается. Важно отметить, что каждый укус бродячей собакой для пострадавшего — испытание, а курс антирабических прививок стоит около 6 тыс. грн в зависимости от тяжести укуса, поэтому открытым остается вопрос о регуляции численности бездомных собак и целесообразности их вакцинации.

The centrality of relationships in context: a comparison of factors that predict the sexual and non-sexual victimization of transgender women in prisons for men

ABSTRACT This research draws on original data to empirically assess how an array of factors – including features of the self, the prison environment, and prisoners’ interactions with each other – shape the probability of transgender women in prisons for men experiencing sexual victimization and non-sexual physical assault. Logistic regression analyses reveal that, in general, the same factors that predict sexual assault per se predict sexual victimization more generally as well as non-sexual assault. The most consistently powerful predictor is an interactional variable: whether transgender women report having been in a consensual sexual relationship with another prisoner, which consistently approximately triples the odds of all three categories of victimization (i.e., sexual assault, sexual victimization, and non-sexual assault). The prominence of this durable interactional predictor points to lifestyle and routines as the most proximate influence on victimization – sexual or otherwise. This, in turn, allows for both a more robust understanding of the social organization of violence and victimization within prison settings as well as a more robust understanding of the relationships between different types of victimization.

Pedophilia as a Legal Term (Criminal Pedophilia)

Introduction: in our opinion, special attention should be paid to the content of the terms “pedophilia” and “pedophile”, which are often found in the analysis of the legal literature, the reports of government officials, on the Internet, as well as in the content of the normative legal acts regulating the responsibility for committing sexual crimes against the category of victims of interest to us. To date, none of the legal sources operating within the territory of the Russian Federation does not contain the interpretation of the above terms, which fully reveals the specifics of the form of sexual deviation we are studying. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the responsibility for the commission of a crime that encroaches on the sexual freedom and sexual integrity of minors and juveniles, by persons suffering from a disorder of sexual preference in the form of pedophilia, as well as the medical and psychological sources containing information about the sexual deviation we are studying, to form the concept of the terms “pedophilia” and “pedophile” in the legal sphere. Methods: the statistical method, the methods of induction, analysis and synthesis are used. Results: the paper considers various definitions of the terms “pedophilia”, “pedophile”. The paper analyzes the affiliation of the previously mentioned term with any branch of scientific knowledge. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the author formulated the concepts of the terms “criminal pedophilia” and “criminal pedophile”, whose use in the normative legal acts regulating the responsibility for committing crimes that infringe on the sexual freedom and sexual integrity of minors and juveniles, in our opinion, would contribute to the significant development of the system of combating sexual crime in relation to the category of citizens of interest to us.

Francoist repression in Spain and the crime of genocide

This article describes the characteristics and scale of Francoist repression in Spain and analyses the potential interpretation of the mass killings of people with leftist ideology as an act of genocide in accordance with the provisions of international law. Focus is placed on the difficulties associated with the inclusion of political groups in the category of genocide victims, and the possibility of a broader interpretation of this categorization is defended. Furthermore, the present study emphasizes the influence of the positivist trend on the configuration of Francoist criminal policy and provides evidence that allows Francoist repression to be considered as genocide in full accordance with international law.

“We are the victims of racism”: Victim categories in negotiating claims about racism against Black‐Africans in India

AbstractHow is racism negotiated by those who are otherwise victims of racism? Social psychologists show the relevance of categorization in negotiating racism. In the present article I focus on a setting where the majority group itself can be considered a target of racism: racism against Black‐Africans in India. I examine how victim categorization of the majority group is developed and used through a membership categorization analysis of broadcast media news debates. Analysis shows that, first, victim categories complicated the use of racial prejudice as an explanation for the attacks. Second, victim categorizations were developed in relation to social groups that were removed from the present setting. These allowed for accomplishing specific actions: denials and rejections of racism, moral concerns in racism, and acceptance of Black‐Africans' claims about racism. Together, the findings show that racism can be negotiated in terms additional to racial/ethnic group membership: as victims or perpetrators of racism.

“I Suspect That the Pictures Are Stolen”: Romance Fraud, Identity Crime, and Responding to Suspicions of Inauthentic Identities

Romance fraud impacts the lives of thousands of people globally. Financial losses exceed millions of dollars each year and are steadily increasing annually. It occurs when an offender uses the guise of an intimate relationship to gain a financial advantage. Offenders use a variety of platforms and communications methods to target victims and develop the required trust and rapport to defraud them. As part of this process, offenders use false identities. This can be through the misappropriation of a genuine person’s identity, or it can be through the stealing of photos and other images of a genuine person to create a false or fictitious identity. In this way, romance fraud encompasses two categories of victims: those who lose money through a relationship and those who are subject to identity crime by romance fraud offenders. This article examines how individuals responded to suspicions of inauthentic identities to a person they were communicating with online. It uses romance fraud complaints lodged with Scamwatch (an Australian online fraud porting portal) between July 2018 and July 2019 (inclusive). The qualitative analysis indicates that many complainants used an internet search to verify or refute their suspicions about their partner. This yielded substantiated results in many cases and confirmed that the offender’s identity was not genuine. The article explores the implications for this victim-based detection strategy. In doing this, it argues that while effective for romance fraud victims, responses can further exacerbate the ongoing harms experienced by those whose identities have been compromised by romance fraud offenders. The article concludes with a discussion about the future effectiveness of internet searches to reduce romance fraud and the impact of this strategy on third parties whose identities are compromised by offenders.

Multistage Surgical Treatment of Multisystem Closed Abdominal Trauma: Standardization of the Approach

Introduction. The multisystem closed abdominal trauma is accompanied by a high mortality rate, and exceeding the minimum required volume of surgery in an extremely difficult patient’s condition often leads to an unfavorable outcome.Aim of study. Standardization of staged treatment of patients with severe concomitant closed abdominal trauma.Material and methods. This review presents the latest information obtained as a result of studying domestic and foreign literature on the issue of multistage surgical treatment of severe multisystem closed abdominal trauma. The concept of damage control, its stages are described step by step, indications for types of surgical interventions are specified. The literature data on the results of clinical application of the technique from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine are presented.Conclusion. A clear knowledge of the required volume of surgical intervention at each stage of treatment of patients with severe concomitant closed abdominal trauma, the main points of intensive care, the criteria for patient stabilization and indications for relaparotomy improve the treatment results for this category of victims.

Epidemiological profile of fatal vehicular accidents in rural region of Maharashtra

Accident is “An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.” With the rise in global urbanization and motorization, vehicular accidents induced injuries have become major worldwide public health problems. The Prospective study of fatal vehicular accidents was carried out at Rural Medical College and Hospital in Maharashtra during the period of May 2016 to April 2020. Total 216 cases were studied. Age group 51-60 years (20.4%) was most commonly affected. Males were more affected than females with male: female ratio of 8.8:1. Maximum deaths were found in illiterate (30.6%) and were laborers and students by occupation. Maximum (32.4%) mishaps occurred on national highways. Majority (38%) of the fatal vehicular accidents occurred in evening hours. Most common category of victim was Motor Cycle Rider (35.2%), followed by pedestrians (30.6%). Keeping in view the results of this study, multi factorial approach is needed to prevent vehicular accidents and to minimize their consequences.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ДУШЕВНОБОЛЬНЫМ ВОИНАМ В ГОДЫ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article reconstructs the system of care for mental-ly ill war victims that developed in the Russian Empire during the World War I. It is shown that the system expanded its coverage from soldiers evacuated from the front to other categories of victims: refugees, garri-son soldiers, etc. The mechanism of interaction be-tween the Russian Red Cross Society, the Zemstvo Union and the Union of Cities, individual provincial zemstvos and city local self-governments, as well as a Special Commission of the Supreme Council for the support of families of persons called up for war, fami-lies of wounded and fallen soldiers in helping mentally ill victims of war is revealed. The main problematic and conflicting moments of this interaction are identified. Еstablished, that the need to provide psychiatric care to victims of war posed the tasks of fundamentally expanding the scale of psychiatric care in the Russian Empire. The article was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the grant №19-09-00494.

Analysis of the Most Important Aspects of Interviewing a Child Victims of Trafficking in the Light of Polish Criminal Procedure

Children make up almost one-third of all human trafficking victims worldwide. And they are indeed a very difficult category of victim, because very often they don’t self-identify themselves as victims – they are not aware of their rights, they don’t know that life can be different. That is why the child usually will not come and ask for help. And even, if it is asked directly if he or she is a victim of human trafficking, we can get the answer in the negative. That is why it is so important that the law enforcement officers be able to make the initial identification himself, and then know how to talk to the child. Detecting children of trafficking victims depends on the vigilance, perceptiveness of policemen and whether they have the ability to talk to children. It is also important that the child feels well from the very beginning and throughout the criminal procedure, and thanks to it we can get more information from him and collect more valuable evidence that will help lead to the detection and conviction of the perpetrators