Catch Criminals Research Articles

Uttar Pradesh Police: Reforms and Employment Status

An essential part of the state's legal system is the police force. Most people associate the word "police" with state personnel whose duty it is to maintain order, especially when it comes to the ordinary application of the penal code.More than just keeping the peace and catching criminals, today's police officers also help with traffic laws enforcement, crowd control at events like rallies and fairs, supporting emergency services like the fire department and flood rescue teams, and mediating small disputes between members of the public. An essential component of the state's justice system is the police. The word "police" mostly refers to state employees whose job it is to uphold law and order, particularly through the execution of the regular criminal code. In addition to preventing crimes and apprehending offenders, police officers nowadays also assist with other welfare tasks such as assisting with traffic regulations, managing crowds at public events and meetings, supporting fire departments and flood rescue teams, and assisting members of the public in resolving small conflicts.

Design of microfluidic chromatographs through reinforcement learning

Chromatography is one of the most valuable techniques chemists possess at their disposal, conducive to everything from developing vaccines, food, beverage, and drug testing to catching criminals. The diverse applications allow it to be used for analytical and preparative purposes. On the other hand, droplet microfluidics has significantly evolved from simple droplet generators to complex and integrated tasks through specially designed networks. Microfluidics finds itself at the center of various Lab-on-Chip studies, enabling single-cell analysis, biochemical synthesis, etc. We demonstrate a microfluidic chromatograph machine that can produce an ordered droplet arrangement for a large number of drops. The droplets are sent into the device using a novel methodology where the conventional droplet train is made into smaller batches. The study describes the use of droplet batch methodology and compares it with the traditional droplet train approach. Using this platform, different droplet sequences are sent through the chromatograph, which preferably allows some droplets to exit first while others take a longer time to flow across the chromatograph based on the droplet properties and device design. The droplet sequences contain various drops; however, the type of drops in these sequences is limited to 2. The chromatograph can handle any number of drops in a single machine is enough for handling diverse droplet sequences. The stability of the microfluidic chromatography is also studied by varying the droplet properties and the droplet batch size.

THE STRANGER AMONG US IN COMICS FROM CUTEZĂTORII MAGAZINE. CONSTRUCTING CHILDREN’S POLITICAL IDENTITIES THROUGH INTERACTION WITH THE OTHER IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA

A product of popular culture, comics are in tune with the societal context that created them. This article aims to present the hegemonic narrative, reading and messages of comics for communist pioneers in Cutezătorii [The Daring Ones] Magazine. To do so, the research material considered is made up of two comics focused on Otherness and Romanians’ relationships with state institutions close to the political factor. Qualitative content analysis was performed on both text and images. Findings uncovered a partial view of communist Romania and of the workings of propaganda, because, beside their entertainment value, these comics can be read as political texts or statements. These comics show how the political elite perceived those who wanted to leave Romania (illegally) and those who, of foreign origin, visited this country. Both comics series glorify the collaboration with the Militia, the State Security, and their surveillance methods (through technology and responsible employees and citizens). Communist pioneers are plain clothes detectives who help these institutions to gather their information, catch criminals, and keep the society under control. Because cultural representations impacted the Romanian society in multiple ways during the totalitarian communist rule, a critical reconsidering of cultural products of the past is necessary in order to better understand the present.

Zhandarmskij tajnyj nadzor za blagonadezhnost'yu oficerov vnutrennej strazhi Rossijskoj imperii

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of the activities of the tsarist gendarmes, who performed the functions of the “supreme police”, aimed at organizing the secret collection of information about the lifestyle, service and behavior in society of the commanders of garrison battalions of a Separate Internal Guard Corps, endowed with extensive powers to protect order, catch criminals and pacify unlawful acts. The peculiarity of the topic under consideration is the extremely small elaboration of the problems of organizing secret surveillance within the system of police institutions created to protect statehood.

On the need for AI to triage encrypted data containers in U.S. law enforcement applications

This paper takes an analogical approach to define the parameters by which artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized to facilitate warrantless searches at U.S. ports of entry. The authors tailor their discussion to the prevention of child pornography (also referred to as child abuse or exploitation materials in the academic literature), and the traffic thereof. By making the legal case to utilize AI, particularly eXplainable AI (XAI), to search encrypted devices for attributes indicative of child pornography, the authors hope to encourage research in this field and develop better technology to help catch criminals without relinquishing privacy rights.

A Study on Techniques of facial recognition and IOT Cam vulnerabilities: A survey

There is a best call for brilliant association Survey best in cameras everywhere throughout the cities. Where up to biased investigation cameras are were not favored by the residents of cities since cameras under-mine so of the security of basic subjects. Be that of the content it may, the protection is by the clue of all accounts overruled by the machinesecurity. As of now the content video film of cameras should be are broke down after the forceful, criminal acts. There could be aprerequisite for being continuousformulation to match and catch criminals or not be long after the criminal offense act. Face must be discover in vital an initial phase in of the confront acknowledgment some frameworks with knowledge confining and to be detaching the many face area from the background. Malware like vireoMIRAI is presently to be part utilized to production of extensive bottlenecks which can be utilized as a part of D-DOS assaults where could be up to (1.2) Terabytes data of systems shield movement is produced by each second. We make about the dangers said when there could be tradeoff of an IOT gadget's must be secure and give anappropriatesecond analysis of an IP camera. We go additionally provide cover parts may be have how and why present day bemight be malware said to be targets IOT gadgets and devices predominantly. We are up to last mark about the novel significance sign of securing IOTdevices and give the basic fundamental security gone practices to alleviating same gadget abuse.

The Impostor Rule and Identity Theft in America

Impersonation and then identity theft in America emerged in the legal space between a civil system with a high tolerance for market risk and losses incurred by impostors, and a later-developing criminal system preoccupied with fraud or forgery against the government. Negotiable instruments, generally paper checks, borrowed from seventeenth-century England, enabled a geographically far-flung commercial system of paper-based but impersonal exchanges at a time before widespread availability of centrally-issued currency or regulated banks. By assigning loss rather than catching criminals, the “impostor rule” made and continues to make transactions with negotiable instruments valid even if fraudulent. This large body of commercial law has stood essentially unchanged for three hundred years and has facilitated a system rife with impersonation which criminal and federal laws did not address until the late 20thcentury. English common law, American legal treatises, court cases, law review articles, and internal debates behind the Uniform Commercial Code tell the story of a legal system at the service of commerce through the unimpeded transfer of paper payments. Combining the fields of legal history and criminal justice with the approaches of emerging research in both identification and paperwork studies, this article explains the ongoing policy problems of identity theft.

El tricornio de la Guardia Civil como símbolo literario en los relatos de viajeros de habla inglesa del siglo XX

This presence in English literary texts of the hat worn by the Spanish Guardia Civil, known in Spanish as the ‘tricornio’, had its beginnings in the form of mere descriptions. It began as an item of clothing that was difficult to ‘apprehend’ (a ‘three-cornered hat’ or a ‘cocked hat’), but these visual perceptions gradually started to take on subtle shades of meaning and a significance which varied with the historical circumstances and the individual travellers, especially during the 20th century. Its descriptions were complemented in time with varying adjectives, personal impressions and more or less bizarre interpretations as to its origin and purpose, namely: its usefulness in allowing the civil guards to lean against the wall and therefore catch criminals more easily; its poor role as protector against the rain but its success as a protector of the civil guard’s ears; its connection with the Peninsular War, Napoleon or Goya, or to the French Gendarmerie; its archaism; its similarity to the hats of funfair puppets and comic operas, etc. Indeed, the constant presence of the ‘cocked hat’ in the Spanish literary landscape in the eyes of Anglophone travellers is of the utmost relevance when endeavouring to understand contemporary Spain.

공범증인 면책제도에 대한 고찰

Witness immunity is a new strategy for defeating such special crimes as organized crime, drug cartel and corruption offence. These crimes are committed by plural persons who have a closed network, so that we can achieve great success in rooting out underlying evils with the aid of a person involved. Meanwhile, if the conspirators are not willing to talk, investigators could not help catching criminals red-handed or using highly intrusive surveillance techniques. These difficulties have designed some innovative devices for investigation, one of them is so called witness immunity. Nowadays, witness immunity is accepted as the criminal justice weapon for eradicating syndicate crimes by many advanced countries involving U.S.A., Germany, France and the United Kingdom. While U.S.A. take a step forward by implementing crime immunity, France and Germany assume a relatively prudent attitude to remain in punishment immunity. The United Kingdom is the forefront nation that equips itself with not only crime immunity but also punishment immunity. This paper offers the introduction witness immunity into South Korean criminal justice system, and designs the concrete proposal as follows. Firstly, the target shall be clearly and limitedly made such as organized crime, drug cartel and corruption offence. Secondly, the methods of immunity had better consist of crime immunity and punishment immunity, while evidence use immunity is recommended as the method of punishment immunity rather than transactional immunity. Thirdly, witness immunity shall be implemented by the prosecutors with the approval of judges. Lastly, we also need to make a full defensive preparation to minimize the side effects of witness immunity, the one of which is the new legislation to punish the obstructor of justice.

Can This DNA Sleuth Help Catch Criminals?

Forensic geneticist Manfred Kayser is exploring whether DNA found at a crime scene can predict what a suspect looks like.

How the FBI Has Advanced the Effectiveness of Policing and Law Enforcement in America, While Serving as the Nation's Homeland Security Agency

In America the FBI has advanced the effectiveness of policing and law enforcement, while at the same time serving as the nation's homeland security agency. The concept of culture, which is the unique configuration of norms, values and beliefs that characterise the way that people agree to do things, has played a major part in this advancement. Management has had a great influence on how the FBI has become more effective. Early theories of organisations say that the proper way to manage is through control mechanisms. In the early 1800s, policing was the task that provided basic public safety services. The idea of dedicating human and financial resources to catching criminals can be traced back to Roman times. From these roots, the FBI has evolved and had tremendous success in crime fighting. Many of the FBI's efforts have been concentrated on fighting domestic terrorism; however, the FBI has had successes in a wide range of law enforcement tasks, from handling bank robberies to dealing with plots to overthrow the government.

Who benefits from network analysis: ethics of social network research

The success of social network research (SNR) has led to expectations that in addition to academic research, SNR can introduce people to one another, solve organizational problems, map the epidemiology of AIDS, and catch criminals and terrorists. Since SNR requires that names of both respondents and their contacts be collected and used in most analyses, Institutional Review Boards become very concerned. Experiences of the author, participants in the 2003 Sun Belt Conference and the Social Network List Serve illustrate ethical issues. Proper handling of the data and the analysis, including complete control by the investigator can virtually eliminate harm to respondents and those they nominate, though perhaps not to the satisfaction of IRBs. On the benefit side, academic researchers always benefit, organizations, society and science may benefit, but individual respondents rarely do.

Law and Data: The Butterfly Ballot Episode

On television's Law and Order, the police catch criminals and hand them over to the lawyers to get convictions. Part of the program's dramatic tension comes from the police operating under the scrutiny of a rigid and unforgiving legal system. The suspense increases as the lawyers try to do their job even though there is often a gap between justice and what the law requires.

Slaves as criminal informers in ancient Rome

The Romans expected slaves to inform on their fellow slaves, particularly in regard to the master's safety. If a slave killed his master, a terrible retribution on the entire household of slaves would have to be paid to atone for the offense. In the final analysis, the slave‐informer system, with all of its drawbacks, supported the Roman criminal justice system nearly 1,000 years and the Byzantines employed it in a modified form. This paper is a case study of how a culture, with its values, musters its resources, in the case of slavery, to cope with the problems of internal security. With most of the crime problems that confront us today, the ancient Romans were hard put to protect the public peace. They had neither the modern technology nor the forensic science that we do, so they utilized the limited resources they had to prevent crimes and catch criminals. They devised a policy of enticing slaves to act as criminal informants with the offer of freedom. Considering the sizeable adult slave population, this policy greatly deterred crime and the saying “Every slave, an enemy” became current among the citizenry. The Romans, however, did not intend to open a door by which slaves could accuse citizens of false charges out of vindictiveness. The legal‐minded Romans adopted the safeguard of having the slave informant interrogated under torture. Slaves also served the criminal justice system in other ways besides volunteering information. When the police were stymied in an investigation, they “rounded up the usual suspects” in the form of slaves who might have knowledge of the crime, but for some reason had not stepped forward. The police would use their powers to interrogate slaves in this case, too. This ancient practice reflects the procedure of modern police investigators checking surveillance cameras in the vicinity of the crime scene in the hopes of discovering a clue.

Using (im)perfect markets to catch criminals

We extend the use of rational choice models of criminal activity to examine the use of ‘sting’ operations. These operations are modeled as technological innovations in law enforcement that influence the probability of detection/conviction of criminal activities. We ask: do all sting operations have the same impact on the supply of criminal activity? We find that such impacts are sensitive to the type of sting used and the competitiveness of the criminal market in which the sting is used.

An Economic Analysis of Crimes Punishable by Imprisonment

ONE Of the primary arguments for punishing individuals who commit crimes is that the threat of such punishment backed by the actual punishment of convicted offenders will deter criminal acts.1 It is our intention in this paper to analyze in some detail the deterrent effect of punishment by imprisonment. Specifically we employ a variant of the utility formulation suggested in our earlier article2 to develop a deterrence framework appropriate for studying choices involving possible imprisonment. Using this framework we are able to explain the relative deterrent effects of certainty and severity in punishment without imputing any special behavioral characteristics to the class of individuals who commit offences. In addition, we are able to examine the effect on the individual's willingness to engage in crime of changes in the individual's initial wealth and payoff to crime, as well as provide a straightforward explanation of plea bargaining.