Casual Informants Research Articles

Dong Pipa: Chinese Musical Instrument in Literacy Functions and Educational Occasions

The Dong Pipa, a traditional Chinese musical instrument, is a significant element of the Dong ethnic group’s cultural heritage. The objective is to investigate the historical development of the Dong Pipa, a traditional Chinese musical instrument, in literacy functions and educational occasions. The research was conducted in Liping, Congjiang, and Rongjiang counties in Guizhou Province, Tongdao County in Hunan Province, and Sanjiang in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Two key informants and four casual informants, including national transmitters and experts in Dong Pipa music, were interviewed, and data were gathered through fieldwork, interviews, and observations. The analysis focused on the integration of the Dong Pipa into educational settings and its role in fostering cultural literacy. The results indicate that the Dong Pipa has played a dynamic role both historically and in contemporary times, contributing significantly to cultural transmission and education. The study suggests that incorporating traditional instruments like the Dong Pipa into modern educational practices can enhance cultural literacy and support preservation efforts.

Literacy Transmission Guideline for Preserving “Xin Tian You” Folk Songs in Northern Shaanxi, China

This study focuses on the literacy transmission guideline for preserving “Xin Tian You” folk songs in Northern Shaanxi, China. The purpose of the research is to explore effective strategies and approaches to enhance the transmission and preservation of this cultural heritage. Key informants for this study consist of scholar informants, casual informants, and general informants who possess knowledge and experience in “Xin Tian You” folk songs. The data analysis involves fieldwork, interviews, and questionnaires to gather qualitative data, which are analyzed to identify patterns and trends. The research findings highlight the impact of socio-cultural changes on the transmission and preservation of “Xin Tian You,” as well as the importance of strengthening support, embracing innovation, preserving and disseminating the songs, increasing publicity, and media coordination. The study concludes that by implementing these strategies and fostering literacy transmission, “Xin Tian You” can be preserved and transmitted to future generations, contributing to the cultural heritage of Northern Shaanxi and the development of traditional folk music in China.

The Cultural Treasures of Baima Tibetan Folk Songs in Gansu Province, China, as a Resource for Literacy Education in Chinese Music History

Baima Tibetan folk songs are an integral part of the Baima Tibetan music culture. They are performed in diverse styles, including solo, duet, lead singing, round singing, and chorus. The objective of the study was to explore the significance of Baima Tibetan folk songs as a resource for literacy education in Chinese music history. By engaging with key informants divided into three groups - scholar informants, casual informants, and general informants. The result of this study reveals that ritual music holds deep roots in religious beliefs and is performed during sacrificial ceremonies, marriage ceremonies, and funeral ceremonies. Dance music culture reflects the collective nature and community cohesion of the Baima people, with dances like the fire circle dance serving as prominent expressions. Folk songs encompass a wide range of themes, including labor, wine, wedding, and love, showcasing the diverse musical expressions within Baima Tibetan society. The unique rituals, dances, and songs of the Baima people contribute significantly to the preservation and celebration of their rich cultural heritage. This study highlights the educational potential of Baima Tibetan folk songs as valuable resources for promoting literacy and understanding in the context of Chinese music history.

STUDY ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE EVALUATION STANDARDS

There are several evaluation standards to assess English levels. Through this article, we consider the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) as an important tool. We aimed to reveal the evaluation standards used in universities and English language training courses in our country and to clarify how the standard tolerates internationally accepted English language evaluation standards. Within the scope of this goal, 27 teachers who teach English in universities and colleges in Mongolia, 22 teachers of English language training centers (general informants), and 656 students who study English in 21 universities and colleges in Mongolia (casual informants) were randomly selected and a survey with 3 groups of 24 questions was conducted over 2 months using Google Form, and the collected results were processed and compared using SPSS program.96.3% of the teachers of universities and colleges evaluate the English course on a 100-point scale. 55.5% of them agreed that the future use of CEFR assessment standards would provide a more objective assessment of students' language levels. According to the responses of training center teachers, 68.2% of the participating training center teachers evaluate the student's language level according to the CEFR standard, which shows that they use an internationally recognized evaluation method. In this regard, 42.7% of the 656 students who participated in the study agreed that the CEFR assessment standard, rather than the 100-point scale, could fully reflect their language level internationally in the future, which was in line with the researchers' hypothesis.

A Learning Model Based on the Elderly Philosophy for a Happy Life in Thai Social Context

The objectives of this research were divided into two phases: Phase 1: To synthesize and design learning activities based on the elderly philosophy for a happy life in Thai social context; the target group consisted of 8 key informants, 6 casual Informants, and 6 general informants; instruments used were an unstructured interview form, a non-participant observation form, and a diary form, data were analyzed by content analysis and thematically analysis. Phase 2: To study a learning model based on the elderly philosophy for a happy life in Thai social context, key informants consisted of 9 experts selected by purposive sampling, instruments used were a draft model and an evaluation form, data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The research results were as follows: Phase 1: The synthesis and designed results consisted of 4 aspects, 4 relationships, 4 developing dimensions, 5 standards, and 6 indicators in learning activities based on the elderly philosophy. Phase 2: The learning model based on the elderly philosophy for a happy life in Thai social context consisted of POCO&A+L(PAORS). The details were: a principle (P), an objective (O), conditions for achievement (C), operations and activities (O&A), and learning processes based on the elderly philosophy consisted of planning (P), action (A), organizing (O), reflection (R), and sustainability (S). The suitability and the possibility of the learning model were at the highest level (mean = 4.76 and 4.68) respectively.

Development of Romblomanon Legends in Comic Book Form as Mother Tongue-Based Online Supplementary Learning Resource Material in Asi, Onhan and Ini Languages

This study aimed to develop the Romblon legends in comic book form. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the background of Romblomanon legends in the three languages that could be used for promoting Filipino values of children who are still in the process of assimilating the culture of Romblon, investigate ways to conserve and develop these legends into a comic book form and determine the rating of the comic book as supplementary learning resource materials (SLR) in the elementary level as rated by the Learning Resource Management Development System (LRMDS) Team of DepEd. The Evaluation Rating Sheet for Story Book was used in determining the appropriateness of the SLR material in terms of content, format, and technical aspects; and solicited comments and suggestions from the respondents that served as inputs for the improvement and revision of the legends in Comic book form. It is a descriptive-evaluative investigation. The research area is the whole Romblon Province. The research sample was determined through a dragnet method wherein key informants, casual informants, and general informants were identified in the field. Evidence was gathered from document analysis and field research. Data collection tools were observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The research was conducted in five stages: planning, development, validation, final output, and dissemination. Of the four legends, 10 Romblomanon values were extracted and incorporated into the stories. It is highly recommended that the streamlined five-stage development process may be used for the comic book development of the rest of the undocumented legends of Romblon.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-LEARNING

Universities around the world have managed to evolve knowledge production from the physical classroom to virtual education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the vast majority of students in various educational institutions around the world have changed their learning styles to digital learning education. With the regard of the concept that learner’s attitude and their learning outcomes have interrelated we have a question that how was the students’ attitude developed in the relation of e-learning outcomes. Based on this rational this study focuses on investigating students’ attitude through the online education. In this regard, research objectives were designed that 1) to study online learning and Education 4.0; 2) to determine the needs of digital learning, academic motivation and learning outcomes via e-learning; 3) to analyze students’ attitudes towards online education. The research data were collected through the tools of questionnaire, observation, covering 380 university students as casual informants and sample interviews from 36 students as key informants in the duration of the academic year 2019-2020. With the analysis techniques, the collected data were categorized according to the objective two in terms of typology such as general information of respondents, E-learning necessities and tools, E-learning involvements, students’ attitudes and analyzed by SPSS programs to explore research results systematically. The variables of learning involvement and students individual attitudes were analyzed with crosstab forms to make correlative results. The results of the study indicated that the most students spent 5-12 hours in digital learning, 60% of the respondents have agreed that the E-learning platforms were useful, however, 73.7% of the research informants reported that the learning outcomes were in average. Finally we reached consequence that students’ attitudes, in particular individual approach and diligence were developed during online education. The findings of the research were supported by the Ground Theory and Learning Theories and presented by descriptive methods. The research reliability was tested by the triangulation method in terms of cognitive, effective and behavioral dimensions of the attitudes.

A model of participatory learning process for management of environmental health impacts in industrial communities area

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to implementing environmental education concepts to manage environmental health impacts by letting the people in the community learn through the participatory learning process.Design/methodology/approachThe participatory action research (PAR) and the environmental education concept were conducted in managing the learning process for the people in Map Kha Sub-district, Rayong province. The purposive sampling technique and the stakeholder analysis were used to derive the informants of this study. They are those people living or working in the Mab Kha Sub-district area at least 2 years, aged more than 20 years old, and were willing to participate in all steps of the study. A total of 30 informants were divided into three groups as follows: The Key Informants, The Casual Informants and The General Informants. Data collection employed workshops with three techniques – Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Future Search Conference (FSC) and Appreciation Influence Control (AIC) – to organize cooperative learning processes to managing environmental health impacts. The Content Analysis was utilized in this study through the categorization, grouping, analysis, interpretation and systemization of data. The study period was from June 2014 to December 2015.FindingsThe study found that most people are concerned and aware of the environmental pollution problems affecting the health in the areas and need to solve such problems. They are also prepared for various problems. However, they face the problems on that they still lack of the chance to be informed about the information on the pollution problems and lack of the chance to participate. For the participatory learning process used to manage the environmental health impacts in the industrial community, it is found that the people and the leading network partners perform well through the knowledge building process on the environmental pollution problems and the planning and evaluation lead to desired behavior of people and industrial community to manage environmental health impacts.Originality/valueThe study results emphasized that the participatory learning process of the network associates was the critical key in forming the community power to manage the environmental health impacts. Therefore, the learning process should be easy, not complicated, take a short time and be friendly that will make the community understand the problem and help protect the environment systematically.

SWEDISH COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AGAINST BRITISH ECONOMIC WARFARE IN SCANDINAVIA, 1939–1940

AbstractThis article examines the Swedish security establishment's counterintelligence measures directed against British preparations for economic warfare in Scandinavia in 1939–40. Although Stockholm was an intense spying location, there exists a gap in the historiography concerning the topic. At the beginning of the war, the British government regarded economic warfare as an efficient tool for shaking the foundations of the German war economy. Economic warfare included blockades, sabotage, psychological warfare, and diplomatic threats. The present study explores Swedish operations against George Binney, who worked for the British government in war-trade-related issues. The article shows that the Swedish security service had difficulties in obtaining intelligence on Binney because of the reliance on casual informants, whose information was imprecise and sometimes misleading. The British succeeded in uncovering some of the Swedish counterintelligence tactics and this led to problems in capturing significant information, for example, via communication monitoring. The Swedish archival sources have added considerable new empirical details regarding British preparations for blockade running in July 1940. The study also shows that British officials operated on very dangerous ground, as some of the individuals they worked with were enemy agents or in a position to forward information in several different directions.

Luang Pradit Phairoh (Sorn Silapabanleng): Transmission and Development of Thai Classical Music

This study is a qualitative research project. The aims are to: 1) Study the transmission methods of Thai classical music from Luang Pradit Phairoh (his birth name: Sorn Silapabanleng) and 2) Study the development methods of Thai classical music from Luang Pradit Phairoh. Research instruments used in the study were a preliminary survey, structured interview, unstructured interview and in-depth interview to explore information by 15 persons from key informants and 13 casual informants. The research was conducted from September 2010 to December 2012. The data were checked for accuracy by means of triangulation. The purpose of the set and results were presented by descriptive analysis. The findings are the following: 1) The transmission of Thai classical music from Luang Pradit Phairoh is believed to be based for acceptance on attendance to class tradition, in which parents entrust their children to teachers’ care. Then there is the ceremony of hand grasping for the beginning. Teacher’s houses are employed as schools. Demonstration is applied with oral transmission from the ability of each student. 2) Luang Pradit Phairoh has developed a way to play ranat-ek (a high-tone xylophone) in practicing various performance styles. The theme songs written by Luang Pradit Phairoh have been performed widely, and some have been composed from the intonation of foreign countries such as Mon, Khmer and Java. Luang Pradit Phairoh invented the angklung and written notation of Thai music has been created. The students of Luang Pradit Phairoh had inherited the music style of their teacher to earn a living and transferred to their pupils.

Burmese Migrant Workers: Dimensions of Cultural Adaptation and an Assimilation Model for Economic and Social Development in the Central Coastal Region of Thailand

This research is aimed at studying the background of Burmese migrant labor, the current state and problems with Burmese migrant labor and the dimensions of cultural adaptation and an assimilation model for economic and social development of Burmese migrant labor in the Central Coastal Region of Thailand. This is a qualitative study carried out between November 2012 and November 2013 that incorporates document study and field research. The research area was purposively selected as Samut Sakhon, Samut Prakan and Samut Songkhram Provinces. The research sample was also purposively selected and comprised of 150 individuals, divided into three groups: key informants (n=21), casual informants (n=69) and general informants (n=60). Tools used for data collection were observation, interview and focus group discussion. Data was validated using a triangulation technique. The result of the investigation is a development model in five sections: cost of labor, work conditions, job security, career progression and work sanitation and safety.

Mon Dance: Creating Standards to Continue the Performing Arts of Thai-Raman

This investigation, Mon dance: Creating standards to continue the performing arts of Thai-Raman, has the following objectives: 1) To understand the history, current conditions of and problems with Mon dance of the Thai-Raman; 2) To examine the standards of Mon dance; 3) To create standards to continue the performing arts of the Thai-Raman. This qualitative research was conducted in three central Thai provinces: Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan. Data was collected from documentary study and field data by means of observation, interview and group discussion. Workshops were also held with a total of 100 attendees, comprised of 20 key informants, 50 casual informants and 30 general informants. Data was validated using a triangulation technique and findings are presented using a descriptive analysis. The research highlighted current conditions and problems in dancing process, melody, costume, performers, time and rituals,which have similarities and contrasts depending on the environment and the social and cultural changes in each area. The standardization of the dance was found to be similar to the dancing process, melody, costume, performers, time and rituals. Traditions are not supposed to change in order to demonstrate the identity of Mon Dance. It was concluded that the dance process has 6 indicators and points were set in the performance judging criteria as follows: 170 points for the melody with 3 indicators, 195 points for the costume with one indicator, 30 points for the performers with six indicators, 80 points for the time with 2 indicators, 25 points for the rituals with 3 indicators and 40 points for meeting the assessment criteria. The passing score for the dance will be 80%.

Survival and Change of Mahoree Tradition in Cambodian Society

Problem statement: Mahoree, is an important music ensemble in Cambodia since the Angkorean period. Mahoree formerly belonged to the court or noble Cambodian families. Mahoree is very popular and practiced by ordinary people and plays an important role in Cambodian society. Mahoree is a culture of the community and the Cambodian society and can be preserved and promoted by community participation. Approach: This research was a qualitative research study. The research data was derived from document analysis and field research carried out between June, 2009-July, 2011. The instrument used included a basic survey forms, observations forms, interviews forms and focus-group discussions. The sampling group was made up of 27 key informants, 22 casual informants and 18 general informants. The research area includes Phnom Penh, Battambang province and Siem Reab province. This research aimed to 1. To study factors that affects the survival and changes of Mahoree ensemble in Cambodian society 2. To create guidelines for the conservation and promotion of Mahoree ensembles in Cambodia. Results: The changes affecting Mahoree come from internal and external influences of modern Cambodian society. External influence contributed significantly to the changes of Mahoree in Cambodian Society, such as modifying the playing methods, change of clothes, use of instruments from different cultures to mix and make the performance more appealing to modern audiences. The promotion and encouragement of Mahoree music instruments can be done by increasing the centers for learning Mahoree songs, learning about Mahoree music, the nature of the Mahoree music, the type of Mahoree music, the benefits of Mahoree, the song used in the rituals that require Mahoree and intellectual property rights and care for Mahoree artists. Encourage the singing of the Mahoree in music ensembles, promoting new songs, publishing Mahoree music with modern recording and musical notes, distribution of the songs, inspect and maintain the intellectual property rights of artists. Create a variety of teaching formats, promotion of youth music in various locations, promotion of learning Mahoree in state organizations and create Mahoree manual for teachers. Promote the importance of Mahoree instruments and production and distribution of teaching materials in various formats and encourage visitors to seek out knowledge about music. Conclusion: Factors that affected the survival and change of Mahoree ensemble in Cambodian society were learning and inherited of Mahoree culture from the past to the present and the signifying of the role of Mahoree in Cambodia. The guidelines for conservation and promotion or encouragement of Mahoree can be carried out in as many aspects as possible through community participation and by cooperation of government, private sectors and communities.

Development of Cultural Management and Inheritance by Community Participation

Problem statement: Museums were places where all collections, which indicated values of arts and cultural heritages that were useful for learning, were kept. Establishment of museums was successful by having development, systematic management, cultural inheritance, knowledge transferring, participation and support. Approach: This study aimed to study backgrounds of museum development in temples in the area of the lower northeastern, to study current conditions and problems about museum management in temples and cultural management with community participation in the lower northeastern and to study development and management of museum in temples and cultural inheritance by community participation in the lower northeastern. This research was a qualitative research and conducted by literature review and field data collecting with interviewing, observations, focus group discussions and workshops with 170 persons from group of key informants, casual informants and related agencies. Data were analyzed with cultural diffusion theory and presented results in form of descriptive analysis. Results: The study revealed that backgrounds of museum development in temple were initiated by monks, who collected things in old building without systematic exhibition, labeling of donators or source indicating. Most of collections were things in that community such as traditional utensil donated to temple when they were unused and the rest was from other communities. After having many of collections, monks asked community for fund raising to construct museum building in the area of that temple. Moreover, things from discovering of local archeological sites were also kept in museum and there were many visitors. After that an agency of Fine Arts Department came to study and research by using budgets for the second exploring such local archeological sites and then kept in buildings of temple museum. Currently, it was found that; (1) there was a simple management on antiques of 1500-3000 years ago, agricultural equipments aged of 60 yeas up, but they were still lacking of contents to indicate their values and importance and monks played their roles as curators. Collections were temporally kept in some building or under construction for being permanent museum and had not any registration. (2) For cultural inheritance there were activities on annual local traditions of festivals and opened for teachers, students and pupils to study bodies of knowledge in the museum and (3) for participation, temple and community would coordinate teachers to attend meeting on temple activities. Development of museum in temple, it was found that; (1) Body of knowledge management in temple was operated by a working group consisted of curator and museum controller. For museum building, there were exhibitions with good space for allocation and suggestion from experts to register collections. Museum was also provided with car park and toilets both in and outside building. (2) For cultural inheritance, there was indigenous knowledge transfer, local historical investigation, students and teachers came to learn and be trained as guides. (3) In aspect of participation, museum management was in form of collaborated working by meeting, planning, activities providing and decision making. A joint committee was appointed by temple to cooperation among temple, community and schools. Conclusion/Recommendations: Museum development in temple by community participation for supporting body of knowledge in museum and did their duty in maintenance was reducing burdens both of temple and government sector. Museum would be maintained by development of educational benefits for the next generations. Meanwhile, related agencies should support, assist, suggest and frequently survey data of museum in temple. These were for transferring to community with knowledge, development, management and maintenances all collections in museum. Finally, community should provide museum in temple with guide training, security guards and analyzing works step-by-step for further development.

A Riot Problem in Three Southern Frontier Province: A Cultural Management Model by Means of Peace

Problem statement: It was evident that a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces of Thailand resulted from many factors such as an economic factor, a social factor, a political factor, an educational factor, a religious factor, a cultural factor, a traditional factor, including a geographical location. These factors linked one another to affect systematically a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces and the centre of the problem was a religious factor. The purposes of this research were these: (1) to investigate the background of a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces, (2) to investigate cultural dimensions used for solving a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces and (3) to investigate a cultural management model by means of peace for solving a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces. Approach: Research areas consisted of 7 villages in Narathiwas Province, 6 villages in Pattani Province and 5 villages in Yala Province. These are crisis areas and there are some youth who had ever participated in “San Jai Thai Su Jai Tai” Project (a project for supporting people who affected by the riot) have lived in. A population was people in 18 villages of Three Southern Frontier Province. A sample was selected by means of a purposive sampling consisted of 54 key informants, 108 casual informants and 108 general informants. Research instruments used for collecting data were a survey, an observation, an interview, a focus group interview and a workshop. A triangulation technique was used for examining data and research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: A riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Provinces results from the differences of culture and ways of life between the Buddhist-Thai people and the Islamic-Thai people. The majority of local population are Muslims, they have their own cultural identity so these differences cause many problems such as a problem of cultural misunderstanding, problem of beliefs misunderstanding, a problem of way of life misunderstanding and a problem of traditional misunderstanding. A Peaceful Cultural Model (P.C. Model) was developed within real cultural context or real life of people according to determined successful condition. Conclusion/Recommendation: The result of this research revealed that solving a riot problem in Three Southern Frontier Province must need an understanding of basic needs, collective consciousness and collective cause of most local people; including respecting liberty and cultural identity of one another.

Buddhist Philosophy: A Study of Buddha Images for Perpetuating Buddhism in Isan Society

Problem statement: Buddha image is a symbol which built for representing the Buddha. At present, the majority of people always misinterpret and misevaluate the real value of Buddha image. As a matter of fact, Buddha image enhances social solidarity and social networks of Northeast-Thai people. Appreciating value of Buddha image is necessary for next generation so a study of Buddhist Philosophy towards Buddha images and current problems concerning interpretation and evaluation is a serious study. This research aimed at investigating a body of knowledge of Buddhist Philosophy towards Buddha image and current problems concerning interpretation and evaluation of Buddha image according to Buddhist Philosophy. Approach: Research areas were Ubon Ratchathani Province, Yasothon Province and Maha Sarakham Province. A sample of 116 people consisted of a group of key informants, a group of casual informants and a group of general informants. Research instruments were an observation, a survey, an interview and a focus group interview. Research data were examined by means of a triangulation technique and research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: Buddha images reflect Buddhist philosophy towards 7 postures of the Buddha, they are a Buddha image in a posture of overcoming temptations (Pang Mara Wichai), in a posture of sitting under the protection of the hood of the mythical serpent (Pang Nak Prok), in a posture of sitting in meditation (Pang Samati), in a posture of giving a sermon (Pang Prathan Porn), in a posture of sitting with an aureole around the body (Pang Ruean Kaew) and in a posture of displaying the Twin Miracles (Pang Yamok Patihan). A main current problem is people are more interested in the miracle power of Buddha image than the practice according to Buddhist Philosophy which conceals in it. Conclusion/Recommendation: Research result reveals the value of Buddhist Philosophy which conceals in Buddha image and point to the usefulness of Buddhist Philosophy for daily life and perpetuation of Buddhism in Isan society (Northeast society of Thailand).

Suitable Assimilation Model of Culture, Beliefs and Rites Concerning Deities of Buddhism and Hindu-Brahmanism for Peace of Thai Society in Bangkok and Circumferences

Problem statement: At present, Thai society widely assimilates culture, beliefs and rites concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu-Brahmanism by worshipping the deity images at the temples or the abodes of gods in Bangkok and circumferences. A typical worship is to pray the deity for help. As a matter of fact, people should help themselves first and use a prayer as willpower. The purpose of this research were these; (1) to investigate the background of culture, belief and rites concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu-Brahmanism in Bangkok and circumferences, (2) to investigate the current situations of the assimilation of culture, beliefs and rites concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu-Brahmanism in Bangkok and circumferences and (3) to determine a suitable assimilation model of culture beliefs and rite concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu-Brahmanism for peace of Thai society in Bangkok and circumferences. Approach: A qualitative research was used for this research. Research areas were these: (1) Yannawa Temple, Yannawa sub district, Sathon district, Bangkok, (2) Lum Charoen Satta Temple, Yannawa sub district, Sathon district, Bangkok, (3) Brahma House at the Erawan Hotel, Lum Phini sub district, Pathumwan district , Bangkok, (4) Phai Lom Temple, Phra Pathom Chedi, Muang district, Nakhon Pathom Province, (5) Sisa Thong Temple, Sisa Thong sub district, Nakhon Chaisi, Nakhon Pathom Province, (6) Phra Sri Maha Uma Thewi Temple, Silom sub district, Bangkok district, Bangkok, (7) Visanu temple, Thung Wat Don sub district, Sathon district, Bangkok, (8) Thep Nimit Temple, Khok Phaed sub district, Nong Chok district, Bangkok, (9) Brahman Temple, Sao Chingcha sub district, Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok and (10) Ganesha House at Ratchada crossroads, Huay Khwang district, Bangkok. Deity worships have been held at these areas for a long time and a lot of people have participated in these worships. A population was the people who lived in 9 districts. A sample was selected by means of a purposive sampling, consisted of 16 key informants, 64 casual informants and 20 general informants. Research instruments were a survey, an observation, an interview, a focus group interview and a workshop. Research data were examined by means of a triangulation technique. Research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: (1) Ancient-Thai society believed in deities and supernatural power so culture, beliefs and rites concerning deities have been handed down from generation to generation (2) At present, Thai people in research areas assimilate beliefs in Buddhist deities and Hindu-Brahman deities together, they worship both Buddhist and Hindu- Brahman deities; for example Bodhisattva, Ganesha, Brahma and Vishnu (3) A suitable assimilation model of culture, beliefs and rites concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu- Brahmanism should consist of faith and wisdom by using beliefs and rites as the reinforcement of life and applying deity's virtue such as a virtue of do not make a sin throughout lifetime in order to enhance peace in society. Conclusion/Recommendation: Research result revealed a suitable assimilation model of culture, beliefs and rites concerning deities of Buddhism and Hindu- Brahmanism for Peace of Thai society in Bangkok and circumferences. This model can apply to enhance peace for other critical areas in Thailand.

Bamboo Fabric: A Study of Using Thick Bamboo Fiber for Producing and Developing Thai Textiles

Problem statement: The way of life of Thai people has involved utensils or things which made of bamboo since the ancient time. Rural Thai people use bamboo for building houses, making handicrafts, basketwork and household utensils. At present, thick bamboo is used and developed to many new products especially the textile products. Three purposes of this research were these: (1) to investigate the background of Thai textile production, (2) to investigate current situations and difficulties of Thai textile production and (3) to investigate the use of thick bamboo fiber for producing and developing Thai textiles. Approach: Research processes divided into 2 phases were these: the first phase was a quantitative experimental research type of bamboo fibers, the second phase was an application of the results of the first phase research to the phase was a qualitative research. The instruments for collecting data for the second phase research were a survey, an interview, a focus group interview and a workshop. Research areas were Ban Lung Pra Du, Amphoe Huay Talang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Amphoe Chonnaabot, Khon Kaen Province and Ban Tha Khon Yang, Amphoe Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham Province. A sample of 200 people consisted of 20 key informants, 100 casual informants and 100 general informants. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analyzed by means of an interpretation within the concepts and theories involved. Research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: (1) in terms of the background of Thai textile production, it revealed that there were human beings lived in Thailand about 7,000-8,000 years ago and they could use natural fiber from plants and animals for weaving. The evidence which confirmed this truth was the excavation of historical objects in prehistorically sites in Thailand and there were remnants clung to or filled in them. (2) In terms of current situations and the difficulties of Thai textile production, it reveals that an economic and a political change at both local and international levels is the indirect factor but the direct factor which affects Thai textile production is the pollutants resulted from all processes of a supply chain such as a process of fiber production, a process of fiber spinning, a process of fiber weaving, a process of fabric dyeing, a process of fabric completion and a process of making clothes for wearing or decorating. (3) In terms of the use of thick bamboo fiber for producing and developing Thai textiles, it revealed that using thick bamboo fiber gave us a lot of benefits; for example reducing pollutants were harmful to environment, reducing the importation of weaving materials and encouraging economic and income growth of community. Conclusion/Recommendation: The persons involved should apply these research results to develop their textile production and to search for the ways to use thick bamboo fiber for other advanced purposes.

Suitable Management Model for Economic, Social and Cultural Development Derived from Beliefs and Rites on PraBuddha Southern in Chachoengsao Province

Problem statement: In the present Wat Thai was the center of Thai social, The study of Wat Thai management model made us know about economy, social and community culture: (1) to study history, management model of Wat Sothornwanaram Vorawiharn Chacheongsoa province in economic, social and culture development form the believed and ceremonies about Pra Budhda Sothorn figure; (2) to study model of approximal management in WatSothornwararam Vorawiharn in economic, social and culture development form the believed and ceremonies about PraBudhda Sothorn figure. Approach: The purposive random sampling technique were key informants with 13 monks, 19 community leaders, casual informants with 16 monks 100 merchants and general informants with 60 peoples 56 pilgrims. Research methodology were qualitative research and colleting data by survey, observe, interview and focus group. Results: The story we know that the first name was Wat Soahong and had change to Wat Soatong, Wat Sothorn and raised to Royal temple named WatSothornwararam Vorawiharn. Pra Budhda Sothorn was holy meditation figure made of bronze and super natural power by flowed up in the river with 3 brothers: Laung Por Wat BanLaem, Laung Por Sothorn and Laung Por to Wat Bangplee. Management model of WatSothorn wararam Vorawiharn in Economic, social and culture development about Pra Budhda Sothorn were believed in safety by helping from Laung Por Budhda Sothorn to person who had good mind and good doing. Conclusion: The ceremonies to developed economic, social and culture modeling by to word of bed lucky, to make a votive offering to beseech, beg for good luck, give to charity and willing to have Pea Budhda Sothon image. The believed and ceremonies made economic, social and culture developed by made merit of the people.

Conservation, Renewability and Development of Pabung Patham "Flood Plains"In the Chi River Basin by Community Participation

Problem statement: At present Pabang Patham Flood Plains have been fading away from new generations' memories because they have known only community forest or Pa Chum Chon many kinds of plants, herbs, aquatic animals, wild animals and insects are reduced. Furthermore, some kinds of them are become extinct in the future if no conservation. Approach: A qualitative research was used for the study of conservation, renewability and development of cultural landscapes of Pabung Patham Flood Plains in the Chi river basin by community participation. The sample was three groups consisted of 30 key informants, 159 casual informants and 42 general informants. Three research areas were Khon Kaen, Mahasarakham and Yasothon. Results: The result of the study were as follows: (1) at present Pabung Patham have been fading away from new generation memories because they have known only community forest or Pa Chum Chon many kinds of plants, herbs, aquatic animals, wild animals and Insects are reduced. Furthermore some kinds of them are become extent in the future if no conservation. (2) Conservation by community participation according to AIC process was operated as follows: A: Appreciation, it was a process of constructing an appreciation. I: Influence, it was a process of constructing an influence on the ways to develop. C: Control, it was a process of constructing the ways to control the project. For this research the controlled factor was planting three kinds of tree and gaining four uses according to the feature of cultural landscapes of flood plains that consisted of planting trees for construction, trees for fruit and trees for fuel. Forest enhanced ecological balance in these ways: (1) enhancing oxygen for human beings (2) enhancing water for human beings (3) enhancing the fertility of soil land (4) enhancing the diversities of culture in case of the forest that Located in different ecology. Four cultural uses that we gained from forest classified into: (1) food was gained from plants, insects, wild animals, aquatic animals. (2) Herbal medicine (3) fuel was gained from trees (4) construction parts were gained from trees. Conclusion/Recommendations: Planting three kinds of tree and gaining four uses enhanced a lot of usefulness for community and reduced effectively the awful situation of global warming, drought storm and flood.