Castrated Male Mice Research Articles

PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION OF CORTISONE ACETATE AND DIETHYLSTILBESTROL. LACK OF ANDROGENIC OR ESTROGENIC EFFECTS OF CORTISONE ACETATE1

IT HAS been shown that appreciable regression of human prostatic and mammary neoplasms occurs in some cases after bilateral adrenalectomy (Huggins and Bergenstal, 1951; 1952) with the use of cortisone acetate as maintenance substitution therapy. Since these tumors are neoplasms which are known to be influenced by sex hormones, it became important to know whether cortisone acetate had androgenic or estrogenic effects and if this compound could modify significantly the physiologic action of sex hormones on the accessory sex structures. These experiments will demonstrate that cortisone acetate does not stimulate the canine prostate nor the uterus of the rat but inhibits partially the action of diethylstilbestrol on the uterus. Kochakian (1944) found that the implantation of a pellet of cortisone in castrate male mice did not cause growth of the accessory reproductive structures. The administration of cortisone acetate to intact male rats did not greatly modify the histological

Estrogen-androgen antagonism; histology of mammary glands and vaginal grafts of male mice receiving estrogens.

1. Studies of the effect of injections of steroid and non-steroid estrogenic substances on the mammary gland and vaginal mucosa of castrate and non-castrate male mice bearing subcutaneous vaginal grafts are reported. 2. It is suggested that antagonistic actions exist between the naturally-occurring estrogens (estrone, estradiol) and testicular androgens in regard to the mammary gland and vaginal mucosa. 3. Such antagonism did not seem to occur when the synthetic estrogenic substance diethylstilbestrol was employed.

Mammary Cancer in Castrate Male Mice Receiving Ovarian and Hypophyseal Grafts at Various Ages.

SummarySyngenesiotransplants of ovaries made at one month of age caused mammary cancer in 5% of castrate male mice of strain A. The tumor incidence rose to 32.5%, if anterior hypophyses were grafted together with ovaries. Transplantation of anterior hypophyses alone failed to produce breast cancer. No mammary tumors occurred in castrates into which ovaries, anterior hypo- physes alone or anterior hypophyses in combination with ovaries were grafted at 7 months of age. Thus in male mice, an age factor which is independent of the testicle operates in the production of breast cancer by ovarian and anterior hypophyseal grafts.

Incidence of Mammary Tumors in Castrate and Non-Castrate Male Mice Bearing Ovarian Grafts.

Incidence of Mammary Tumors in Castrate and Non-Castrate Male Mice Bearing Ovarian Grafts.

INHIBITION OF ESTROGENIC EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE MALE RAT BY TESTOSTERONE INJECTIONS

IT HAS recently been reported (Weichert and Kerrigan, 1942) that injection of estrogen into lactating female rats has a profound effect upon the reproductive systems of the suckling young. Daily injections of .1 mg. of diethylstilbestrol begun on the day of parturition bring about, among other things, a striking cornification of the epithelium of the prostatic utricle, prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts. The lining of the bulbus urethra and duct of Cowper's gland becomes a highly stratified squamous epithelium. These reactions are very evident by the 14th day of life. Freud (1933), Lacassagne and Villela (1933), Burrows and Kenneway (1934), Burrows (1935a, b), deJongh (1935), Korenchevsky and Dennison (1935), Overholser and Nelson (1935), Weller, Overholser and Nelson (1936), Wells (1936), Burrows (1937), Rusch (1937) and Harsh, Overholser and Wells (1939) have injected estrogens directly into older normal and castrated male rats, mice and ground-squirrels and have observed metaplastic changes in the...

EFFECT OF OVARIAN TRANSPLANTS ON ADRENAL X-ZONE OF CASTRATED MALE MICE

HILL (1, 2) and Hill and Strong (3) have reported that ovaries transplanted into the ears of mice secrete androgenic substance. This is evidenced by maintenance of the normal seminal vesicle and prostate conditions in castrated male mice receiving such grafts. The results of Hill (1) and others (4, 5) show that in inbred mice, intra-strain transplantation can be successful. The adrenal gland of the mouse shows an intermediary zone situated between the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis and designated by Howard-Miller (6) as the ‘X-zone.’ Development of the X-zone, in both sexes, begins at about 9 days and continues until maturity at 28 to 32 days of age (7). At maturity, the X-Zone in the male rapidly disappears by cytolysis of its cells. A connective tissue capsule then forms around the medulla.

Effect of Androgen on Metabolism of Subcutaneous Corn-oil.

Summary1. The administration of testosterone propionate accelerates the rate of disappearance of corn-oil injected subcutaneously in castrate male mice. 2. It is suggested that this relationship is best explained by the hypothesis that androgen specifically increases the rate of utilization of depot fat.

The Influence of Temperature on the Internal Secretory Activity of Transplanted Ovaries in the Male Rat

RECENT REPORTS have indicated that the internal secretory activity of the ovary can be influenced qualitatively and quantitatively by transplantation and temperature regulation. Hill (i) found that transplantation of ovarian tissue into the ears of castrate male mice would prevent the usual castration changes from developing, provided the mice were kept in the proper environmental temperature, 22 C , but not in those animals kept in a warm environment, 33 C. This has been confirmed to some extent by Deanesly (2), and by work which is being done in this laboratory. Available data are not sufficient to explain this phenomenon. There is some ques' tion as to whether the explanation lies in the possibility of the production of an an' drogen'like substance by the transplanted ovaries or in the androgen simulating action of one of the female hormones. Greene, Burril and Ivy (3) have shown that pro' gesterone in large doses is androgenic. There is much available data concerning the action of androgens on the genital tract of the female rat and mouse. Salmon (4) brought out the fact that small doses of testosterone propionate when administered over a short period of time produce stimulation of the genital tract. Later, Mazer and Maz^r (5) pointed out the atrophy producing effect of testosterone propionate on the genital tract when given over a long period of time. It seemed of interest therefore to observe the effect of transplanting ovaries into the ears of castrate female rats and subjecting them to the same environmental tern/ peratures as did Hill.

EFFECT OF CASTRATION IN THE DILUTE BROWN STRAIN OF MICE1

IN CONNECTION WITH A STUDY of the effect of early ovariectomy upon the Jackson Laboratory dilute brown strain of mice, nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex similar to that which occurred in the females (i) was noted in a few castrate male mice. An attempt was made to determine the regularity and behavior of the hyperplasia in the male and also to see if there was any indication of sexual stimulation when this was present. The adrenals, the accessory sex glands and in some cases the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and thymus were saved for study in serial section. The skins were fixed and the growth of mammary rudiments observed. Some of the mammary glands were studied histologically. Forty males were castrated at birth and 60 at later ages. This is a report on those which have died or have been killed up to the present time.

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE INTERNAL SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF TRANSPLANTED OVARIES IN THE FEMALE RAT

RECENT REPORTS have indicated that the internal secretory activity of the ovary canbe influenced qualitatively and quantitatively by transplantation and temperature regulation. Hill (1) found that transplantation of ovarian tissue into the ears of castrate male mice wouldprevent the usual castration changes from developing, provided the mice were kept in the properenvironmental temperature, 22° C, but not in those animals kept in a warm environment, 33° C. This has been confirmed to some extent by Deanesly (2), and by work which is being done in this laboratory. Available data are not sufficient to explain this phenomenon. There is some question as to whether the explanation lies in the possibility of the production of an an drogen-like substanceby the transplanted ovaries or in the androgen simulating action of one of the female hormones.Greene, Burril and Ivy (3) have shown that progesterone in large doses is androgenic.

Mammary Growth in Male Mice Receiving Androgens, Estrogens and Desoxycorticosterone Acetate.

The mammary ducts of male guinea pigs grew following the injection of Δ5-transandrostenediol, testosterone propionate and 17-methyltestosterone. The mammary tissue of immature male and female rats developed following injections of testosterone and so did that of spayed virgin rats given androstanediol and androstenedione. A secretory response in the mammary gland of spayed pre-adolescent female Rhesus monkeys was produced by testosterone propionate, dehydro-androsterone, Δ5-transandrostenediol and androsterone. (See Turner for review.) The injection of various estrogens and progesterone was followed by the growth of the mammary glands in male mice., The present experiment demonstrated the influence of various estrogenic and androgenic substances and desoxycorticosterone acetate on the mammary gland of young unoperated or castrated male mice weighing 16 to 25 g (Table I). The synthetic crystalline chemicals were dissolved in sesame oil and administered subcutaneously in 8 equal injections, one injection every other day. The mice were killed on the 16th day and all the mammary glands were studied (method described elsewhere) for quantitative or qualitative differences of response. Usually 5 mice were used in each series. Mammary glands of the untreated or oil-injected control mice consisted of one main duct with one or several branches. The total duct system extended for a length of one to 3 mm. The glands showing the least response are designated +. These glands equalled or slightly exceeded in size those of the oil-injected controls but showed an increased number of small, broader branching ducts usually terminating peripherally in nodular enlargements. These glands responded definitely but to a limited extent. Glands designated ++ were considerably increased in size and the duct system was increasingly complex.

"Leaden," a Recent Color Mutation in the House Mouse

Previous articleNext article No AccessShorter Articles and Discussion"Leaden," a Recent Color Mutation in the House MouseJ. M. MurrayJ. M. Murray Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 67, Number 710May - Jun., 1933 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/280488 Views: 2Total views on this site Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jessica A. Martel, Donna Michael, Géza Fejes-Tóth, Anikó Náray-Fejes-Tóth Melanophilin, a novel aldosterone-induced gene in mouse cortical collecting duct cells, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 293, no.33 (Sep 2007): F904–F913.https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2006Lydia E. Matesic, Richard Yip, Andreé E. Reuss, Deborah A. Swing, T. Norene O'Sullivan, Colin F. Fletcher, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins Mutations in Mlph , encoding a member of the Rab effector family, cause the melanosome transport defects observed in leaden mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no.1818 (Aug 2001): 10238–10243.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.181336698Samara L Reck-Peterson, D.William Provance, Mark S Mooseker, John A Mercer Class V myosins, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1496, no.11 (Mar 2000): 36–51.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00007-0D. William Provance, Michael Wei, Vinu Ipe, John A. Mercer Cultured melanocytes from dilute mutant mice exhibit dendritic morphology and altered melanosome distribution, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, no.2525 (Dec 1996): 14554–14558.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.25.14554Roy Robinson House Mouse, (Jan 1972): 151–364.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7227-1_1Roy Robinson House Mouse, (Jan 1972): 151–364.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7323-8_1John J. Bittner GENETIC CONCEPTS IN MAMMARY CANCER IN MICE, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 71, no.6 Genetic Conce6 Genetic Conce (Sep 1958): 943–975.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb46816.xFlavia L. Richardson The mammary gland development in normal and castrate male mice at nine weeks of age, The Anatomical Record 117, no.33 (Nov 1953): 449–465.https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091170308T. C. Carter, D. S. Falconer A review of independent segregation in the house mouse, Journal of Genetics 50, no.33 (Feb 1952): 399–413.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986838