Cassia Auriculata Research Articles

Maternal and burial environment determine the physical dormancy release in tropical Senna auriculata (Fabaceae) seeds

In tropical ecosystems, species with an impermeable seed coat, i.e. physical dormancy (PY), are large in number and their seed coat is considered to be an adaptive trait for species persistence and colonization. However, only little is known about their mechanisms for breaking dormancy. The objective of this study was to understand the importance of seed maturation site and burial location in determining the PY release of Senna auriculata. Freshly collected seeds of S. auriculata from Vellore and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, germinated to 11 ± 1.5% and 19 ± 2.5% respectively and remaining seeds did not imbibe water, thus had PY. Germination of seeds from both sites following hot-water treatment for 30 s and mechanical scarification increased significantly and seeds were able to germinate at a wide-range of temperatures (5–35 °C) both in light and darkness. When incubated at 15/60 °C for 3 months, dormancy release for seeds collected from Coimbatore (72%) was greater than seeds matured in Vellore (53%). Following 1 year of burial at three different locations, seeds from Coimbatore germinated to higher percentage than Vellore seeds at all locations. In particular, the higher temperature sites released dormancy to greater extent than the lower temperature site. Our results suggest that summer temperatures (> 60 °C) prevailing in the tropics provide appropriate cues for breaking PY, but this could be greatly affected by the initial state of seeds and the burial environment.

Studies on Positive and Negative ionization mode of ESI-LC-MS/ MS for screening of Phytochemicals on Cassia auriculata (Aavaram Poo)

Studies on Positive and Negative ionization mode of ESI-LC-MS/ MS for screening of Phytochemicals on Cassia auriculata (Aavaram Poo)

Ethnomedicinal documentation of antimicrobial plants from south east Rajasthan, India

South east Rajasthan houses diversified tribes belonging to primitive or aboriginal culture which inherit good deal of therapeutic information from herbal resources. Survey of ethnic localities reveals usage of plants for various purposes among which wound healing citation predominates local culture as still they inherit barren forest lives. Wound healing potential was studied along two axis-first the healing and reepithelization potential of the plant and the second in which plants either prevent localizeded infections or were able to reduce pus formation or help to rid of pus. Plants categorized under second axis signify antimicrobial efficacies. Field survey revealed usage of 47 plants of 29 families for wound healing practices. Among these 47 plants, 19 plants are used for acute wound healing while 10 plants are used as topical/s over non infected wounds and 18 for infected chronic wounds. These 18 plants were conferred as plants with antimicrobial efficacy but three plants were not in agreement of all informants revealing low percent fidelity levels. The field study projects usage of Anthocephalus cadamba, Argyreia speciosa, Bacopa monnieri, Butea monosperma, Calotropis procera, Diospyrous melanoxylon, Ficus glomerata, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Moringa oleifera, Salvadora persica, Senna auriculata, Terminalia alata, Terminalia arjuna, Vitex negundo and Withania somnifera as antimicrobial plants.

A REVIEW ON INDIAN TRIBAL PLANTS AND THEIR BIOGENIC PROPERTIES

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is considered to be nature-friendly and risk-free to the ecosystem. India is copious in biodiversity; the traditional medicine consists of the plant as a major component. The tribal people who lived in the rural region are entirely dependent on the tribal plant for their medical emergencies. These tribal plants have attracted the modern drug industry to develop drugs which are economical with minimal side-effects. The present study focuses on the tribal plants such as Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Acacia arabica, Ficus religiosa, Cassia auriculata, Punica granatum, and Tinospora cordifolia used by the Bhilla, Irular, Dimasa, Paliyan Sholaga, and Dantewada tribes of India for their antimicrobial activity. Since these tribal plants are well known for its medicinal properties, the AgNPs synthesized from these plants were found to have enhanced antimicrobial activity than the pure plant extract.

Palyno-taxonomic studies of some tree species of Fabaceae from Sajjan Niwas Bagh of Udaipur District, Rajasthan, India.

Green corridors are the key elements of urban ecology. These corridors include both new inceptions and historical gardens. Udaipur the historically glorified city of Rajasthan state holds Sajjan Niwas Bagh is popularly known as gulab bagh as one of the rich urban biodiversity hotspot. It bears numerous tree species among which Bauhinia variegata, Cassia auriculata, Delonix regia and Erythrina indica of Fabaceae family can be cited for it’s outnumber. These tree species contribute allergenic composition of the area from January to May of the pollen calendar cycle, but their morphological and morphometric analysis scarcely hit the prevailing studies. The present study deals with pollen morphological observations, viability and germination. The morphometric observations were recorded by scanning electron microscopy and it shows that pollen grains of all the studied species differed in shape but except Erythrina indica they were tricolpate. Percent viability and percent germination of Bauhinia variegata and Delonix regia was nearly similar while in case of Cassia auriculata and Erythrina indica the percent germination was poor as compared to viability which was comparatively significant. A pollen kit like adhesive structures were observed in Bauhinia variegate and Cassia auriculata.

Influence of Boiling, Steaming and Frying of Selected Leafy Vegetables on the In Vitro Anti-inflammation Associated Biological Activities.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cooking (boiling, steaming, and frying) on anti-inflammation associated properties in vitro of six popularly consumed green leafy vegetables in Sri Lanka, namely: Centella asiatica, Cassia auriculata, Gymnema lactiferum, Olax zeylanica, Sesbania grnadiflora, and Passiflora edulis. The anti-inflammation associated properties of methanolic extracts of cooked leaves were evaluated using four in vitro biological assays, namely, hemolysis inhibition, proteinase inhibition, protein denaturation inhibition, and lipoxygenase inhibition. Results revealed that the frying of all the tested leafy vegetables had reduced the inhibition abilities of protein denaturation, hemolysis, proteinase, and lipoxygenase activities when compared with other food preparation methods. Steaming significantly increased the protein denaturation and hemolysis inhibition in O. zeylanica and P. edulis. Steaming of leaves increased inhibition activity of protein denaturation in G. lactiferum (by 44.8%) and P. edulis (by 44%); hemolysis in C. asiatica, C. auriculata, and S. grandiflora; lipoxygenase inhibition ability in P. edulis (by 50%), C. asiatica (by 400%), and C. auriculata leaves (by 250%); proteinase inhibition in C. auriculata (100%) when compared with that of raw leaves. In general, steaming and boiling in contrast to frying protect the health-promoting properties of the leafy vegetables.

Talapotaka Pushpa: A Promising Herbal Remedy for Diabetes Mellitus

Talapotaka is the synonym of plant Cassia auriculata in Ayurvedic classics. It is commonly known as Avartaki in Sanskrit. It carries a beautiful bright yellow-colored flower having a potent antidiabetic activity. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several changes and impairment in the function of many vital organs. Herbal remedies for DM always recover the above-mentioned complications of DM. Talapotaka Pushpa (C. auriculata flower) is one such herbal remedy which could improve DM. In the present review article, data are compiled supporting the antidiabetic potential of Talapotaka Pushpa that may be helpful for the researchers to focus on the priority areas of research yet to be discovered.

Larvicidal potential of some Cassia species against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

The larvicidal potential of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves and seeds of four traditionally important Cassia species viz., Senna alata, Senna auriculata, Senna tora and Cassia fistula was studied against the early fourthinstar larvae of two important mosquito vectors, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. The leaf and seed extracts of four selected plants at 1000, 500, 250 and 125 ppm caused a considerable mortality in the selected mosquito larvae and the seed extracts were more potent than leaf extracts. Among the tested extracts, the petroleum ether seed extract of C. fistula showed the highest larvicidal activity at LC50 value of 715.11 ppm (12 h), 320.71 ppm (24 h) and at LC90 of 1780.12 ppm (12 h), 954.25 ppm (24 h) against A. aegypti. Similarly, in A. stephensi, highest larvicidal activity was observed on treatment with petroleum ether seed extract of C. fistula at LC50 concentration of 834.74 ppm (12 h), 408.48 ppm (24 h) and at LC90 value of 2079.88 ppm (12 h), 1430.45 ppm (24 h). However, in the case of leaf extracts, the methanol extract of S. tora demonstrated highest activity at LC50 of 973.09 ppm, 659.13 ppm and LC90 of 1870.34 ppm, 1336.39 ppm against A. stephensi after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The results suggested that the petroleum ether seed extract of Cassia fistula can be used efficiently for controlling the tested mosquito vector species in an eco-friendly manner

A Review on Cassia auriculata

Herbel formulations are in great demand in the developed world for primary health care due their efficacy, safety and less side effects, a wide group of medicinal plants had been used over centuries as, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, the plant Cassia auriculata linn is a weidly used medicinal plant in india, and popular in indigenous system of medicines like Ayurveda and siddha, flower of this plants used in skin disorders, rheumatism, bark and leaves as astringent and anthelmintic, powered parts are used for opthalmia, conjunctivitis, diabetes etc. The present review is an effect to give a detailed survey on pharmacological activities of plant.

Pharmacological Activities of Compound Present in Cassia Auriculata by Pass Prediction Method

Pharmacological Activities of Compound Present in Cassia Auriculata by Pass Prediction Method

Determination of Molecular Property, Bioactivity Score and Binding Energy of the Phytochemical Compounds Present in Cassia Auriculata by Molinspiration and DFT Method

Determination of Molecular Property, Bioactivity Score and Binding Energy of the Phytochemical Compounds Present in Cassia Auriculata by Molinspiration and DFT Method

Synergistic Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Cassia auriculata Leaf Extract

The problem of microbial resistance is growing, and search for novel approaches to tackle the problem on multidrug resistance pathogens is the need of the hour. The present investigation involves green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Cassia auriculata leaf extract and evaluates its synergistic antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect. The results of various techniques confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. UV-visible spectrum of ZnO NPs showed maximum peak at 370 nm. The crystalline nature of the ZnO NPs was confirmed by XRD analysis. The SEM analysis revealed that particles were spherical and irregular in shape, and average size of nanoparticles was 68.64 nm. The antimicrobial activity and synergistic antimicrobial activity were evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms. ZnO NPs showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens and enhanced synergistic antimicrobial activity as compared to standard antibiotic. Cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs was evaluated by MTT assay against HeLa cancer cell line, and ZnO NPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity. The synthesized ZnO NPs possess significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity and hence can be used therapeutically as nanomedicine for diagnosis and drug therapy.

Antihyperlipidemic activity of Cassia auriculata flower extract in oleic acid induced hyperlipidemia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Cassia auriculataherb has been traditionally used in India for medicinal purposes to treat hyperglycemia, diabetes, rheumatism, asthma, and skin diseases. In the present study, ethanolic extract ofCassia auriculataflower (Et-CAF) depicted anti-hyperlipidemic effect in the budding yeast cells. The hyperlipidemic conditions were induced in the yeast cells with oleic acid which showed an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) and sterol esters (SE), and was supported by the mRNA expression of LRO1 and DGA1 (involved in TAG formation); as well as ARE1 and ARE2 (involved in SE formation). The anti-hyperlipidemic effect by the Et-CAF was compared with the commercial drug Atorvastatin. The lipid droplets were increased in the hyperlipidemic yeast cell that was observed under the confocal microscope with BODIPY staining; Atorvastatin and Et-CAF reduced the lipid droplets. This study revealed that the anti-hyperlipidemic effect in Et-CAF has gained importance and might be used to fill the gap created by the allopathic drugs.

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata flower extract separated fraction

Cassia auriculata L., the flower aqueous extract was fractionated by separating funnel using n-hexane (A1), chloroform (A2), ethyl acetate (A3) and triple distilled water (A4). The A4 fraction was concentrated and determined the presence of preliminary phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds. These phytochemical compounds acted as reducing as well as a stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of Ag NPs from aqueous silver ions. Initially, the colour change and UV–vis absorbance surface Plasmon resonance strong, wide band located at 435nm has confirmed the synthesis of Ag NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Ag NPs shows a face-centered cubic crystal structure. The observed values were calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation to theoretical confirms the particle size of 18nm. The surface morphology of Ag NPs was viewed by HRTEM, the particles are spherical and triangle shapes with sizes from 10 to 35nm. Further, the Ag NPs was effective catalytic activity in the reduction of highly environmental polluted organic compounds of 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange. The green synthesis of Ag NPs seems to eco-friendly, cost-effective, conventional one spot synthesis and greater performance of catalytic degradation of environmentally polluted organic dyes.

Phytofabrication, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Cassia auriculata Leaf Extract Derived CuO Nanoparticles

A simple, eco-friendly phytosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Cassia auriculata leaf extract was reported. The prepared CuO NPs was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy which exhibited the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 380–385 nm. TEM and EDX analysis confirmed that CuO NPs were spherical and in size range of 30–35 nm with identified elements Cu and O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum showed the crystalline nature of the prepared CuO NPs. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of Cu–O functional groups. CuO NPs showed significant antibacterial efficacy against all the tested bacterial strains, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CuO NPs showed strong antibacterial action against B. subtilis and E. coli than P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The results of this study revealed that C. auriculata leaf extract was found to be an effective bio-reducing agent for CuO NPs synthesis and also the antibacterial efficacy of phytofabricated CuO may be useful for its applications in medical and textile industries.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using <i>Cassia auriculata</i> leaf extract and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of their biocompatibility with rheumatoid arthritis macrophages (RAW 264.7)

Purpose: To undertake green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Cassia auriculata leaf extract and evaluate their biocompatibility with rheumatoid arthritis macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line).Methods: CuO NPs were prepared by heating a mixture of 10 mL of 0.01 M CuSO4 solution and 30 mL of C. auriculata extract at 80 °C for 1 h. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UVVis), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of the NPs against RAW 264.7 cells was studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results: The gradual change in color of the reaction solution from brownish yellow to dark brown indicated CuO NP formation. TEM images revealed spherical, polydispersed NPs (mean particle size, 23 nm). FTIR results indicated capping of polyphenols on the surface of the NPs. Most RAW 264.7 cells (> 95 %) remained alive following exposure to CuO NPs at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL, indicating biocompatible with the cells.Conclusion: An eco-friendly, low-cost, biosynthetic method for CuO NP preparation has been successfully developed using C. auriculata leaf extract. Furthermore, the nanoparticles are biocompatible with RAW 264.7 cell line.Keywords: Cassia auriculata extract, Copper oxide nanoparticles, RAW 264.7 cell line, Rheumatoid arthritis

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Leaves

Purpose: Cassia auriculata Linn (Caesalpinaceae) popularly known, as Tarval. Cassia auriculata leaf extracts have shown hepatoprotective activity against alcohol induced liver injury and antimicrobial activity phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of coumarins, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins,saponins and steroids. The results provide justification for the use of the leaves extract antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi were used for the study. Methods: Pharmacognostic characterization: In the present study pulverized dried Cassia auriculata Linn leaves were investigated for its physical constant (LOD, ash value, fluorescence analysis). Microscopic study: The fresh leaf of Cassia auriculata Linn was studied for microscopical characterization which shows different parts like upper and lower epidermis, palisade cells, spongy parenchyma in lamina region while Collenchyma and vascular bundles were observed in midrib region. The pulverized dried Cassia auriculata Linn leaves were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The powder of Cassia auriculata Linn leaves were also macerated with chloroform water. The antimicrobial activity of the concentrated extracts were evaluated by determination of the diameter of zone of inhibition against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria using agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Results of the phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and the extracts were active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Conclusions: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata Linn leaves were studied for antimicrobial activity, of which ethanolic extract shows significant results.

IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CASSIA AURICULATA POLYMER NANOSPHERES CONTAINING SILYMARIN

ABSTRACTObjective: Hepatoprotective activity of herbal drugs has an importance in the treatment of hepatic disorders, but pharmaceutically engineeredproducts are not evolved properly to cure the liver disorders properly based on the demand and also route, target the appropriate site of action.Methods: In our present work, we have been developed a new formulation that possesses a unique nature and site specificity for targeting the diseasestate. Here, we examined hepatoprotective activity of Cassia auriculata polymer nanospheres containing silymarin against carbon tetrachlorideinducedhepatotoxicityinratsusingat50mg/kgand100mg/kgbodyweightdoselevels,andwehavebeen observedthat enzymeactivitiesof serumglutamateoxaloacetatetransaminase,serum glutamatepyruvatetransaminase,alkalinephosphate,totalprotein,albumin, globulin,totalcholesterol,high-densitylipoprotein(HDL), glutathione(GSH), and totalbilirubin wereanalyzed.Results: C. auriculata polymer nanospheres and silymarin produced significant (p<0.001) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serumenzymes, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and increased levels of HDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, and tissue GSH.Conclusion: From these results, it was concluded that of C. auriculata polymer nanospheres would protect the liver cells from carbon tetrachloridefrom liver diseases.Keywords: Hepatoprotective activity, Silymarin, Cassia auriculata, Nanospheres.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND TLC STUDIES OF PETALS OF SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies from the petals of fourdifferent Indian medicinal plants (Punica granatum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Cassia auriculata, and Moringa oleifera).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of petals of four different Indian medicinal plants was performed using standardprocedures. The antimicrobial activity was tested against various test organisms using the agar disc diffusion method.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening for petals of four different medicinal plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,and saponins. From the above study, the results indicated that the methanol extract of M. oleifera petals showed the highest antimicrobial activityagainst Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition 17.93 and 23.40, respectively, at the concentration of 20 µl/ml and alsoshowed the maximum inhibitory activity at the highest concentration (20 µl/ml) than the lowest concentration (5 µl/ml) against Gram-negativebacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive B. subtilis and S. aureus. TLC studies of methanolextracts of petals of Indian medicinal plants revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents as evidenced by separated compounds with differentRf values.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that the petals of four different Indian medicinal plants showed the highest antibacterialactivity and can be used as an antibacterial agent against bacterial diseases.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antibacterial activity, Thin-layer chromatography.

Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Screening of DiaKure–A Polyherbal Antidiabetic Formulation

Background: Diakure is an indigenously prepared hypoglycemic polyherbal formulation, containing mixture of Vetiveria zizanoides (root), Hemidesmus indicus (rhizome), Strychnos potatorum (seed), Salacia reticulata (bark), Holarhena antidysenterica (seed), Cassia auriculata (bark), Trigonella graecum (seed) and Acacia catechu (bark) and each individual herb has scientific background in treating diabetes. This study aimed to perform pharmacognostical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, standardization, heavy metal analysis, pesticidal residual analysis and antimicrobial assay of DiaKure. Materials and Methods: 100 g of the powder mixture of all eight herbs mentioned above was boiled with 900 ml water for 30 min to produce the polyherbal mixture and this mixture was used for performing various tests. Results: Organoleptic characters and macroscopic characters such as colour, odour, taste, size and shape are evaluated under pharmacognostical evaluations and ash values, extractive values and loss on drying are considered under standardisation parameters and are reported. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, glycoside and sugars. The formulation has normal limits of heavy metal and pesticidal residue. Also, the aqueous mixture, during its antimicrobial assay, does not exhibit any antibacterial or anti-fungal activities. Conclusion: The result of this study validates the use of aqueous extract of DiaKure in ethnomedicine, favouring the isolation of antidiabetic agents from the extract of DiaKure. Since the study was conducted in a controlled and authenticated manner, all the evaluation measures used in the study can be used for the standardization of the above-said formulation. Key words: Polyherbal Formulation, DiaKure, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Standardization.