Cashew Nut Meal Research Articles

Egg quality and yolk lipid composition of laying hens fed diets containing cashew nut meal

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of cashew nuts meal (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) to laying hen diets on egg quality and yolk composition. The variables studied were: egg weight, specific gravity, Haugh Units, percentages of shell, albumen, and yolk, moisture, total solids, total lipids, fatty acids profile, and yolk cholesterol. The addition of up to 25% of cashew nuts meal to hen diets did not affect egg quality and freshness, moisture and total solids content. However, an increase in total lipid content and a decrease in yolk pigmentation was observed. Oleic acid level increased in the yolk, whereas palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid levels decreased. The addition of cashew nuts meal increased the monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio in the yolk and reduced the cholesterol content. Therefore, the use of cashew nuts meal in laying hen diets favorably modifies the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and contributes to a better acceptance of this food by consumers since it also reduces yolk cholesterol levels.

Egg quality and yolk lipid composition of laying hens fed diets containing cashew nut meal

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of cashew nuts meal (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) to laying hen diets on egg quality and yolk composition. The variables studied were: egg weight, specific gravity, Haugh Units, percentages of shell, albumen, and yolk, moisture, total solids, total lipids, fatty acids profile, and yolk cholesterol. The addition of up to 25% of cashew nuts meal to hen diets did not affect egg quality and freshness, moisture and total solids content. However, an increase in total lipid content and a decrease in yolk pigmentation was observed. Oleic acid level increased in the yolk, whereas palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid levels decreased. The addition of cashew nuts meal increased the monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio in the yolk and reduced the cholesterol content. Therefore, the use of cashew nuts meal in laying hen diets favorably modifies the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and contributes to a better acceptance of this food by consumers since it also reduces yolk cholesterol levels.

Meat quality and color of abdominal fat of broilers fed diets containing cashew nut meal treated with antioxidant

This experiment aimed to assess the influence of diets containing cashew nut meal stored for 35 days and treated at different storage times with 500 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene on the characteristics of breast meat and abdominal fat. The experiment followed a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of diets containing: untreated cashew nut meal; cashew nut meal treated with antioxidant on zero day of storage, and cashew nut meal treated with antioxidant on 21 st day of storage. At 42 days old, broilers were slaughtered. Breast and abdominal fat of each bird were identified, weighed, frozen stored for subsequent analysis. The variables studied were: pH, water holding capacity, cooking losses and shear force, in the meat and color of the meat and of the abdominal fat. Treatments did not affect (p > 0.05) the evaluated parameters. However, the yellowness (component b*) of the abdominal fat was higher in birds fed the diet containing meal treated with antioxidant at storage day zero. In conclusion, the cashew nut meal can be stored for 35 days without antioxidant, but in order to achieve intense yellowness in abdominal fat of broilers 500 ppm antioxidant addition is required, at the beginning of storage.

Nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of carcass of finishing sheep fed with diets containing cashew nut meal

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds - 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain.

Substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de coco em rações contendo farelo da castanha de caju para frangos de corte

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do nível de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de coco em rações contendo farelo da castanha de caju sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 325 pintos de corte machos, com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições de 13 aves. Foram testados os níveis de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de coco em rações contendo 20% de farelo de castanha de caju. A substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela do farelo de coco em níveis superiores a 5% promoveu redução linear no consumo de ração, no ganho de peso e na conversão alimentar apenas na fase inicial. Também foi verificado efeito quadrático sobre o rendimento de peito, que aumentou até o nível de 11,50% de substituição. Em todas as fases de criação, a substituição em níveis de até 20% não prejudicou significativamente o desempenho das aves nem alterou as características de carcaça em relação ao grupo controle. Segundo o estudo econômico realizado, a substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela do farelo de coco foi economicamente viável até o nível de 20%. Portanto, em rações para frangos de corte contendo 20% de farelo de castanha de caju, a proteína do farelo de soja pode ser substituída pela do farelo de coco em níveis de até 20%.

Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and ingestive behavior of sheep fed cashew nut meal

The objective of this work was to evaluate intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of sheep fed rations with cashew nut meal (CNM) at the levels of 0; 10; 20 and 30% in the concentrate ration. It was used a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, mineral matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the addition of CNM, however, intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber and total carbohydrates presented a quadratic behavior with the increase of content of lipids in the ration. Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, NDF, acid detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates was not influenced by the addition of CNM in the rations; however digestibility of ether extract and total carbohydrates presented quadratic and linear behavior, respectively. It was not observed any significant differences in time spent with feeding and rumination, however, total chewing time was influenced, presenting increasing linear behavior with the levels of CNM. Concerning to intakes of dry matter and NDF per hour, feed efficiency and rumination were not affected by increase on lipid content in the rations. Ruminating chews time per rumen bolus, number of ruminated boli and the number of ruminating chews per day were not influenced by experimental rations. In sheep feeding management, it is suggested as a feeding alternative the use of up to 30% of CNM in the concentrate ration if it is available.

Desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo farelo da castanha de caju tratado ou não com antioxidante

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do farelo da castanha de caju (FCC) tratado ou não com antioxidante butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT) e armazenado por 35 dias e estudar o efeito de rações formuladas com esse ingrediente sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Um lote de 400 kg de FCC foi dividido em cinco partes. Uma parte foi armazenada sem a adição de antioxidante e as demais foram tratadas com 500 ppm de BHT nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21 de armazenamento. A estabilidade oxidativa do FCC foi acompanhada pelos índices de acidez e de peroxidação, determinados semanalmente. No final do período de 35 dias de armazenamento, 15% de FCC não tratado ou tratado com BHT foi usado na formulação de rações isonutritivas para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 480 pintos machos de 1 dia, linhagem Ross, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 8 repetições de 12 aves. O índice de acidez do FCC durante o período de armazenamento não variou, independentemente do uso de antioxidante, enquanto o índice de peróxidos do farelo com ou sem BHT aumentou com o tempo de armazenamento. O tratamento do FCC com antioxidantes não afetou o desempenho, as características de carcaça, o teor de umidade do fígado e os teores de umidade e extrato etéreo da gordura abdominal dos frangos de corte. Entretanto, o teor de extrato etéreo do fígado das aves alimentadas com a ração contendo FCC tratado com BHT no dia zero foi mais baixo que o daquelas alimentadas com a ração controle. O farelo de castanha de caju sem antioxidante armazenado por 35 dias, embora sofra processo de rancidez oxidativa, pode ser utilizado em níveis de até 15% na ração de frangos de corte, pois não afeta o desempenho e as características de carcaça.

Composição química e valores de energia metabolizável de subprodutos agroindustriais determinados com diferentes aves

This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of cashew nut meal (CNM), coconut meal (CONM) and two types of sugar cane yeast (SCY1 and SCY2) for chicks, roosters end Japanese quail. Three digestibility trials were carried out using the methodology of the total excreta collection. Treatments consisted of a reference-diet and four test-diets (40% of feedstuffs and 60% of reference-diet). The values of metabolizable energy determined with Japanese quail and roosters were higher than those obtained with chicks. For CONM and SCY2, the AME and AMEn determined with Japanese quails were lower than those determined for roosters, but the highest values of AME and AMEn for CNM were obtained with Japanese quail. Independente of the bird type the SCY1 showed higher values of AME and AMEn than those of SCY2.

Farelo de amêndoa da castanha de caju na alimentação de codornas japonesas na fase de postura

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de farelo de amêndoa da castanha de caju (FACC) sobre a utilização dos nutrientes da dieta, o desempenho e as características dos ovos de codornas japonesas. Duzentos e setenta codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram pesadas e distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis dietas e nove repetições de cinco aves. Foram testadas uma dieta controle (sem FACC) e cinco dietas com 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20% de FACC. A digestibilidade da MS e do nitrogênio reduziu linearmente, entretanto, apenas com o nível de 20% de FACC estes resultados foram menores que os obtidos com a dieta controle. A digestibilidade da gordura e da energia bruta e os valores de EM das dietas não foram influenciados pelos níveis de FACC na dieta. O consumo de ração não foi afetado pelos níveis desse alimento na dieta, mas a produção de ovos, o peso e a massa de ovo e a conversão alimentar decresceram linearmente com a inclusão de FACC na dieta. As porcentagens de albúmen e gema, assim como a coloração da gema, sofreram efeito quadrático dos níveis de FACC na dieta. A porcentagem de albúmen e a coloração da gema aumentaram e a porcentagem de gema reduziu com a inclusão de FACC em níveis superiores a 9%. Em comparação à dieta controle, apenas a dieta com 20% de FACC prejudicou a produção de ovos, o peso e a massa de ovo, a coloração da gema e a conversão alimentar. O farelo de amêndoa da castanha de caju pode ser incluído em níveis de até 16% em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura.

Farelo de castanha de caju em rações para frangos de corte

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com ração com farelo de castanha de caju (FCC). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e oito repetições de 15 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis rações isonutrientes com inclusão de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de ração com farelo de castanha de caju. O consumo de ração não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. Entretanto, o aumento do FCC na ração promoveu aumento linear no ganho de peso, em todas as fases, e melhora linear na conversão alimentar, na fase inicial e no período total. Em relação ao controle, observou-se que, na fase inicial, as aves alimentadas com a ração com 25% de FCC apresentaram maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar. Na fase final e no período total de criação, a conversão melhorou a partir de 10% de inclusão, enquanto o ganho de peso foi maior a partir de 15% de inclusão. O rendimento de carcaça e a gordura abdominal não foram influenciados; os índices econômicos melhoraram com a inclusão do FCC. O FCC pode ser incluído nas rações de frangos de corte em proporções de até 25%.

Growth Indices and Muscle Development in Broiler-chickens Fed Equi-protein Replacement of Soyabean Meal with Discarded Cashew Nut Meal

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of diets containing soyabean meal (SBM) protein replaced with discarded cashew nut meal (DCNM) protein on the growth indices and, breast and hind limb muscles of broilers. Three hundred and sixty growing broilers aged 5 weeks were used for the investigation. The control diet had 25.0g 100g-1 SBM and this was replaced on equi-protein basis at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% levels by DCNM. The experimental diets were fed for 21 days (5th-8th weeks of age). Thereafter, the chickens were slaughtered and the carcass, organs and the breast and hind limb muscles dissected out and measured. The final weight (FW), average weight gains (AWG) and the fat retention (FR) tends to be significantly influenced by the dietary treatment. The FW and AWG of birds on DCNM-based diets were higher than those fed the control diet with about 4.2-9.6% and 3.1-14.9%, respectively. Of the carcass characteristics measured only the drumsticks, wing, head and belly fat tend to be significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The relative weight of the heart of the birds increased from 4.6±0.6g kg-1 body weight in those fed the control diet to 5.6±0.5g kg-1 body weight in birds fed 50% SBM+50% DCNM-based diet while the relative weight of the spleen (1.6±0.2g kg-1) of birds fed the control diet tend to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed the DCNM-based diets (1.0±0.1-1.3±0.3g kg-1 body weight). The weights, lengths and breadths of the Musculus supra coracoideus, Pectoralis thoracicus and Gastrocnemeus did not varied widely among the treatments as indicated by the low coefficient of variation values (1.9-7.0%). Giving the relative abundance of the DCNM in Nigeria, it was suggested that DCNM could be used to replace expensive SBM in broiler diets.

Response of Growing Broiler to Varying Dietary Plant Protein

A five-week study was conducted to evaluate the productive performance, apparent nutrient utilization, carcass and organ proportion and economics of production of broilers fed five different plant proteins. Diet 1 contained 30% soyabean meal (SBM) while Diets 2,3, 4 and 5 contained pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM), groundnut cake (GNC), cashew nut meal (CNM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) respectively. One hundred and fifty-3-week old unsexed anak broilers were randomly allotted to the 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experiment (CRD). Each dietary group had 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. Birds fed D5 has the highest mean daily intake (161.31g) that was significantly (P<0.05) different from others while D1 gave the best feed-to-gain ratio (2.30) which is closely followed by D3 and D4 respectively. Birds fed D3 and 4 gave the best nutrient utilization. Calcium and phosphorous retained showed that D3 (66.41; 66.37) and D4 (59.94; 63.52) respectively gave better performance than others. Birds fed D4 gave the least (P<0.05) mean total feed intake/bird (N) (217.13). It also had the highest net gain/bird (N332.87) which was significantly (P<0.05) different from D1 (N 275.37) and D3 (N285.96), while other diets can be said to be comparable. The percent carcass yield ranged from 68.68 (D2) to 73.48 (D1) showing that high live weights lead to high dressed weights. In conclusion, cashew nut meal enhanced productive performance, carcass yield and economics of production while others are comparable.

Replacement Value of Cashew-nut Meal for Soyabean Meal in Finishing Broiler Chickens

In a 5 week feeding trial, cashewnut meal was substituted for Soyabean meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and the diets were respectively designated as diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in a completely randomized design. Body weight changes, feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio and the economics of production were investigated. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly (p<0.05) influenced while other parameters were not. Diet 3 gave the best value (2.24) followed closely by diets 4 (2.25) and 2 (2.28) respectively, while diet 1 had the poorest value (2.53) followed by diet 5 (2.40). The mean daily feed intake numerically improved as the percent cashewnut meal substitution increased from 0 to 100%. Birds fed diet 4 had the highest value (120.58g) while birds fed diet 1 had the least value (115.84g). The mean total body weight gain (g) was highest (2214g) for birds fed diet 3 while birds fed diet 1 had the least value (1878.00g). The cost/kg diet (N) decreased as the dietary inclusion of the test ingredient increased from 0 to 100%. At the end of the trial, the highest marginal revenue was obtained from birds fed diet 4 (N415.32). This was closely followed by birds fed diets 3, 5, 2 and 1. Cashewnut meal is therefore recommended as a substitute for the expensive conventional plant proteins at 25, 50 and 75% levels.

Utilização do farelo de castanha de caju na terminação de ovinos em confinamento

O trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de concentrados contendo farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) na alimentação de ovinos mantidos em confinamento. Foram testados quatro tipos de concentrados isoprotéicos contendo 0, 12, 24 e 36% de FCC, tendo o concentrado participado com 30% da matéria seca (MS) da dieta total. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos sem raça definida (SRD), machos e fêmeas, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de inclusão de FCC e dois sexos) e quatro repetições. Foram avaliados ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, bem como os consumos de matéria seca (CMS), proteína bruta (CPB), extrato etéreo (CEE) e fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN). Estas variáveis foram analisadas conforme o consumo em g/animal/dia, % do peso vivo (PV) e g/UTM (PV0,75), tendo sido feita a análise de variância com teste de médias e estudo de regressão. Foram observadas diferenças no CMS, CPB e CEE de animais alimentados com dietas com 0 e 36% de FCC, com tendência de diminuição dos consumos de MS, PB e FDN, à medida que se aumentou o FCC na dieta. O consumo de EE elevou-se com a adição FCC às dietas. O ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram semelhantes para as quatro dietas fornecidas. Portanto, o FCC deve ser utilizado com um nível de inclusão de 24% do concentrado, não ultrapassando 6% de lipídios na dieta total.

Performance of laying pullets fed on cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and reject cashew nut meal

1. A 70-d experiment was conducted to determine the response of 26-week-old laying pullets to cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and full-fat cashew nut meal (CNM) in comparison with a standard 550 g maize/kg reference diet. The 4 test diets all contained 315 g CNM/kg 232.5, 155.0, 77.5 and 0.0 g/kg of maize offal in combination with 77.5, 155.0, 232.5 and 315.0 g/kg of cassava peel, respectively. 2. Pullets fed on the 4 CNM-based diets consumed (P <0.05) less food than those fed on the reference diet; they also had lower (P <0.05) rates of lay , produced less (P <0.05) egg mass, had lower (P <0.05) food conversion efficiencies and their eggs had a lighter (P <0.05) yolk colour. Pullets fed some of the CNM-based diets also gained more (P <0.05) weight, the heaviest (P <0.05) being birds reared on the diet containing 315 g/kg cassava peel. Egg weight, shell thickness and albumen height from all eggs were similar. Pullets fed on the CNM-based diets had inferior (P <0.05) retention of dry matter and protein. 4. It was concluded that feeding full-fat CNM allowed for high dietary inclusion rates of cassava peel and maize offal and the resultant diets, which contained no maize, supported satisactory performance of laying hens.

Fortification of maize flour based diets with blends of cashewnut meal, African locust bean meal and sesame oil meal

AbstractThe relative efficacy of protein blends (Blends I, 2:1:1; II, 1:2:1; III, 1:1:2, IV, 3:1:0; V, 1:3:0; VI, 3:0:1; VII, 1:0:3; VIII, 0:3:1 and IX, 0:1:3 of cashewnut, African locust bean and Beninseed flours) as compared to some commercially available baby foods ( “Farlene”, “Cerelac”, “Farex” and “Cow and Gate” cereal food) in meeting the protein needs of weanling albino rats have been studied. Growth promoting ability of the different blends ranged between 0.75 and 4.73 g/day while those for the commercial foods were 2.64–4.59 g/day. The values of 4.73 and 4.61 g/day for blends I and II were the best, being comparable to those of 4.59 g/day for “Cow and Gate” Cereal food but superior to those of 3.41 and 2.64 g/day for “Farlene” and “Cerelac”. The protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein retention (NPR), net protein utilisation (NPU) and biological value (BV) for blends I and II were respectively 3.6, 4.4, 72.4 and 75.9 and 3.11, 3.8, 69.1 and 72.4, compared with the values of 2.5, 3.3, 65.8 and 69.5; 4.80, 0.41, 85.8 and 90.1; 3.2, 4.0, 73.5 and 76.1 and 4.0, 4.8, 76.5 and 79.8 for “Farlene”, “Cerelac”, “Farex” and “Cow and Gate” cereal food respectively. The blends and commercial baby foods showed high true digestibility values between 94.9 and 98.1 %. The results are discussed in the light of balance and limitation of amino acids in the component oil seed meals.

Proteinase inhibitors in meal ofAnacardium occidentale seeds

Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibiting activities were detected in a “crude inhibitor” fraction of a lipid free cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) meal. Both activities were shown to be heat resistant and not affected by pepsin at pH 3.0. Molecular weight distribution of tho trypsin inhibiting activity is similar to the known range of molecular weights for trypsin inhibitors of plant origin.

Nutritive value of cashewnut extraction meal.

AbstractChemical analysis has shown that cashewnut meal extracted from whole kernels contains about 42% crude protein, about 1% crude lipid, a low content of crude fibre and 0.5 and 0.2% calcium and phosphorus, respectively. The meal has good quality protein containing 4.6% lysine, 1.3% tryptophan, about 2% cystine, and 1.6% methionine. The content of sulphur‐containing amino acids is higher than that of soyabean and groundnut meals. The meal from cashewnut is shown to be superior to that of soyabean meal, judging from the weight gains obtained and‘protein score’calculated at 97 for cashew and 93 for soyabean meal.