Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and ingestive behavior of sheep fed cashew nut meal

Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel,Ivone Yurika Mizubuti,Augusto César De Queiroz,José Gilson Louzada Regadas Filho,Iana Sérvulo Gomes Maia,Elzânia Sales Pereira

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982011000500026

Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000500026

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Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of sheep fed rations with cashew nut meal (CNM) at the levels of 0; 10; 20 and 30% in the concentrate ration. It was used a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, mineral matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the addition of CNM, however, intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber and total carbohydrates presented a quadratic behavior with the increase of content of lipids in the ration. Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, NDF, acid detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates was not influenced by the addition of CNM in the rations; however digestibility of ether extract and total carbohydrates presented quadratic and linear behavior, respectively. It was not observed any significant differences in time spent with feeding and rumination, however, total chewing time was influenced, presenting increasing linear behavior with the levels of CNM. Concerning to intakes of dry matter and NDF per hour, feed efficiency and rumination were not affected by increase on lipid content in the rations. Ruminating chews time per rumen bolus, number of ruminated boli and the number of ruminating chews per day were not influenced by experimental rations. In sheep feeding management, it is suggested as a feeding alternative the use of up to 30% of CNM in the concentrate ration if it is available.

Highlights

Dietary lipids are found mainly in non-esterified form as galactolipids and triglycerides
Except for the grains, most foods used in the formulation of ruminant diets contain low level of lipids, with values ranging from 1 to 4% in dry matter (Van Soest, 1994)
Palmquist & Jenkins (1980) suggested that inclusion of lipids in diets for ruminant must be limited to 5% of total dry matter inasmuch as the microorganisms have no physiological mechanisms to digest lipids in addition to promote changes in the rumen fermentation pattern (Cenkvári et al, 2005)

Summary

Introduction

Dietary lipids are found mainly in non-esterified form as galactolipids (forage) and triglycerides (oil seed). Except for the grains, most foods used in the formulation of ruminant diets contain low level of lipids, with values ranging from 1 to 4% in dry matter (Van Soest, 1994). Palmquist & Jenkins (1980) suggested that inclusion of lipids in diets for ruminant must be limited to 5% of total dry matter inasmuch as the microorganisms have no physiological mechanisms to digest lipids in addition to promote changes in the rumen fermentation pattern (Cenkvári et al, 2005). Rich in unsaturated fatty acids may promote negative effects in the rumen and in the digestibility of fibrous material. The addition of the cashew nut meal as lipid source allows the higher energy content in the rations, reduces the risk of rumen acidosis and allows better productive and reproductive performance of animals (Pimentel et al, 2007)

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