Cases Of Essential Hypertension Research Articles

Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone but not aldosterone is correlated with blood pressure in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.

Although plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) varies depending on primary aldosteronism (PA) subtypes, patients with different subtypes may have similar blood pressure (BP). The authors hypothesized that hormones other than aldosterone might influence BP in PA patients. A total of 73 PA cases, including 30 cases of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs), 29 cases of bilateral hyperaldosteronism, and 24 control cases of essential hypertension were enrolled retrospectively. The authors examined the levels of aldosterone, cortisol, renin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) measured at 12 am, 6 am, 12 pm, and 6 pm and BP in the early morning (6 am to 7 am), late morning (9 am to 11 am), and early evening (5 pm to 7 pm). Results showed no statistically significant correlation between PAC and BP in the patients with PA; however, early and late morning systolic BP strongly correlated with ACTH at 6 am in patients with APA. These results suggest that hormones other than aldosterone, such as ACTH, may affect BP in patients with APA.

OS 08-01 ASSOCIATION OF ACE, FABP2, PPARG2, GST, FTO AND CYP46A1 GENES POLYMORPHISM WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is the most common cardiovascular disease and is assuming epidemic proportions in developing countries. Genetic and environmental factors play important role in the development of hypertension.The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of ACE, FABP2, PPARG2, GST, FTO and CYP46A1 genes polymorphism and susceptibility of individuals to HTN. Design and Method: This case control study includes 123 essential HTN cases and 102 controls. ACE, GST genes polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR and FABP2, PPARG2, FTO, CYP46A1 genes polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR-RFLP methods. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 41.32 ± 11.39 years and 40.13 ± 10.28 years. Frequencies of ACE II, ID, DD genotypes in essential HTN cases and controls were 22.76%, 63.42%, 13.82% and 11.77%, 60.78%, 27.45%; respectively. Frequencies of FABP2 AA, AT, TT in cases and controls were 11.38%, 70.74%, 17.88% and 20.59%, 64.71%, 14.70%. Frequencies of PPARG2 CC, CG, GG genotype in cases and control were 27.65%, 65.85%, 6.50% and 21.57%, 37.26%, 41.17%. Frequency of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null genotypes in cases and controls were 41.47%, 5.69% and 52.95%, 4%; respectively. Frequencies of FTO AA, AT, TT genotype in cases and control were 1.63%, 68.29%, 30.08% and NA, 75.49%, 24.51%. Frequencies of CYP46A1 CC, CT, TT genotype in cases and control were 17.08%, 33.33%, 49.59% and 3.93%, 28.43%, 67.64%. Significant differences were obtained in the frequencies of ACE II genotype (p = 0.032), PPARG2 CG, GG genotype (p < 0.001) CYP46A1 CC, TT genotype (p = 0.002, 0.006). Conclusions: Findings of this study suggest that ACE, PPARG2, CYP46A1 genes were significantly associated with essential HTN cases in North Indian populations.

Clinical Quiz: A man with Chest Pain

Mr Lee, a 54-year-old businessman was brought to the A & E, HTAA due to severe retrosternal pain. The pain was persistent, associated with dyspnoea and not relieved by rest. He had a few episodes of vomiting without blood. He admitted having mild chest discomfort and reduced effort tolerance over the last few months. He is a known case of essential hypertension and has been on haphazard follow-up for the last 5 years. He has been a chronic heavy smoker and social drinker for the past 30 years.

Electrocardiogram and echocardiographic study of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension in a teaching medical college

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the adaptive mechanism for increased left ventricular (LV) stress and is associated with many adverse events. This study was undertaken to study LVH in patients of essential hypertension and to correlate between clinical, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiography (ECHO) in the identification of LVH. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients attending the outpatient department and those who were admitted in our teaching institute from January 2013 to June 2014 were the study subjects. All cases of essential hypertension, irrespective of the duration of hypertension and type of treatment received were included in the study. Patients with secondary hypertension, ischemic heart disease/myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, and valvular heart disease were excluded. Conclusion: Out of the different ECG criteria, total QRS criteria showed a high sensitivity of 60%. ECG criteria have a high specificity but low sensitivity and hence, have limited use as a screening method. However, in a resource-poor country such as India where ECHO facilities are not available in all rural regions, improved ECG criteria such as total QRS voltage can be recommended as a routine investigation for LVH because of its cost-effectiveness and easy availability despite certain limitations.

Gender-Specific Association of ATP2B1 Variants with Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension in the Han Chinese Population.

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) found that several ATP2B1 variants are associated with essential hypertension (EHT). But the “genome-wide significant” ATP2B1 SNPs (rs2681472, rs2681492, rs17249754, and rs1105378) are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and are located in the same LD block in Chinese populations. We asked whether there are other SNPs within the ATP2B1 gene associated with susceptibility to EHT in the Han Chinese population. Therefore, we performed a case-control study to investigate the association of seven tagSNPs within the ATP2B1 gene and EHT in the Han Chinese population, and we then analyzed the interaction among different SNPs and nongenetic risk factors for EHT. A total of 902 essential hypertensive cases and 902 normotensive controls were involved in the study. All 7 tagSNPs within the ATP2B1 gene were retrieved from HapMap, and genotyping was performed using the Tm-shift genotyping method. Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and propensity score analysis showed that rs17249754 was associated with EHT, particularly in females. The MDR analysis demonstrated that the interaction of rs2070759, rs17249754, TC, TG, and BMI increased the susceptibility to hypertension. Crossover analysis and stratified analysis indicated that BMI has a major effect on the development of hypertension, while ATP2B1 variants have a minor effect.

Association of AGTR1 Promoter Methylation Levels with Essential Hypertension Risk: A Matched Case-Control Study

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether methylation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) promoter contributed to the risk of essential hypertension (EH). A total of 96 EH cases and 96 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Methylation of 8 CpG dinucleotides (CpG1-8) in the AGTR1 promoter was examined using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology. Three CpG dinucleotides (CpG6-8) could not be well sequenced, therefore only the remaining 5 CpG sites were analysed. A significantly lower CpG1 methylation level was identified in EH cases than in controls (cases vs. controls: 6.74 ± 4.32% vs. 9.66 ± 5.45%, p = 0.007), and no significant association was observed in the remaining analyses. In addition, significantly lower CpG1 (p = 0.028) and higher CpG2 (p = 0.032) methylation levels were observed in males than in females. In the breakdown association test by gender, a higher CpG1 methylation level was also identified in EH in both males (p = 0.034) and females (p = 0.020). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that CpG1 methylation was a significant predictor of EH. Furthermore, CpG1 methylation was inversely correlated with uric acid levels in controls. The present study suggests that CpG1 hypomethylation in the AGTR1 promoter is likely associated with the risk of EH in the population assessed.

Genetic variants of the class A scavenger receptor gene are associated with essential hypertension in Chinese.

The class A scavenger receptor, which is encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) gene, is a pattern recognition receptor (PPR) primarily expressed in macrophages. It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms of MSR1 are significantly associated with many cardiovascular events. However, whether it links genetically to essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese is not defined. We performed an independent case-control study in a Chinese population consisting of 617 EH cases and 620 controls by genotyping three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MSR1. We found that rs13306541 and rs3747531 were significantly associated with an increased risk of EH with per allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-2.09; P<0.001] and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.09-1.52; P=0.003), respectively. Individuals with 2-4 risk alleles had a 2.03-fold (95% CI: 1.48-2.78) increased risk of EH compared with those having none of the risk alleles (P for trend <0.001). Our results indicate that genetic variants of MSR1 may serve as predictive markers for the risk of EH in combination with traditional risk factors of EH in Chinese population.

Correlation between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in the Chinese Yi ethnic group.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been considered to play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between RAS gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) in the Chinese Yi ethnic group. A total of 244 EH subjects and 185 normotensive individuals from the Chinese Yi ethnic group were genotyped for AGT M235T (rs699), AT1R A1166C (rs5186), ACE I/D (rs4340) and ACE G2350A (rs4343) polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Significant differences in the allele and genotype frequency of ACE G2350A were observed between the EH cases and controls (p=0.001, 0.002). After being grouped by gender, significant differences in the allele and genotype frequency of ACE G2350A and AT1R A1166C were observed between females of the EH cases and controls (ACE G2350A: p=0.000, 0.002; AT1R A1166C: p=0.008, 0.011). After excluding the influence of multifactorial interactions, the ACE G2350A polymorphism is significantly associated with the pathogenesis of EH in the Chinese Yi ethnic group (odds ratio (OR)=1.656, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.807-2.524, p=0.019). The RAS-related ACE G2350A polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of EH in the Chinese Yi ethnic group.

O128. Placental vascularization indices and uterine artery peak systolic velocity in pregnancy hypertension

Introduction Hypertension during pregnancy affects about 6–9% of pregnant women, it is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and remarkable portion of pregnancy hypertension cases are accompanied by gestational diabetes (GDM). There is a great effort worldwide on reaching greater effectiveness in prediction and prevention in these pathological pregnancies. Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze placental vascularization, uterine artery peak systolic velocity (PSV), placental volume and pre-gestational BMI for the better prediction rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with essential hypertension (EH), EH associated with gestational diabetes (EH + GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), and PIH associated with gestational diabetes (PIH + GDM) compared to a normal blood pressure (NBP) group. Methods We measured placental 3-dimensional power Doppler indices, such as vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI), and uterine artery PSV in pregnancies complicated with EH ( N = 51), EH + GDM ( N = 13) PIH ( N = 57) and PIH + GDM ( N = 23), and compared these to pregnancies with NBP ( N = 146) with the help of 3-dimensional analysing VOCAL program. We analyzed the correlation between the above mentioned indices, volume of the placenta, pre-gestational BMI, and gestational age. Results VI and VFI were significantly higher in pregnancies with EH (VI:13.27% ±9.77; VFI:5.94 ± 4.99 (mean ± SD)) and significantly lower in pregnancies with PIH (VI:7.75% ±6.50; VFI:3.00 ± 2.3(mean ± SD)) than in pregnancies with NBP (VI:10.18% ±6.16; VFI:5 ± 3.49 (mean ± SD)) ( p p p > 0.01). FI (31.35 ± 12.48) and VFI (1.87 ± 1.20) were significantly ( p p > 0.01). VI(4.13 ± 2.77) and VFI (1.70 ± 1.31) were significantly ( p p > 0.01) PSV was significantly higher in PIH + GDM (66.01 cm/s ±26.03) compared to PIH (56.27 cm/s ±26.56) ( p p The placental volume was smaller ( z -score:-1.5) in EH and PIH than in NBP and higher in EH + GDM and PIH + GDM than in NBP ( z -score:+0.8). Pre-gestational BMI was significantly higher ( p Conclusion The 3-DPD indices combined with PSV in pregnancies complicated with EH + GDM and PIH + GDM showed that GDM aggravates EH and PIH cases significantly. Although our study proved that pre-gestational BMI and placental volume do have effect on placental vascularization, it seems that adverse pregnancy outcomes can be predicted more effectively with the help of 3-DPD indices and PSV measurements during the entire pregnancy compared to conventional uterine artery findings.

Risk Factors for Hypertension in Serving Uniform Personnel of Pakistan Navy

Objective: To highlight the risk factors relevant to hypertension in Naval set up and to submit recommendations for a better control of these risk factors. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place & Period of study: The study was conducted over a three years period at PNS SHIFA and PNS RAHAT hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan, from Feb 2012 to Feb 2015. Subjects and Methods: Medical record of 118 diagnosed cases of Essential hypertension was retrieved from Pakistan Navy Medical Record Section (PNMRS) and was scrutinized. Interviews were arranged when and where found necessary/possible. Based upon detailed history, physical examination and investigations the risk factors responsible for their hypertensionwere identified and recorded. Results: Out of 118 patients studied, 45% were found to be sailors followed by officers (32%) and chief petty officers (23%). Age group most affected was 31-40 years (36%). Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, stress of service conditions and high caloric diet were found to be the most common factors contributing to high blood pressure. Conclusion: General awareness of healthy life style, avoidance of smoking, alleviation of unnecessary stresses, and dietary modifications along with ample opportunities for recreation could control the emergence of hypertension in serving personnel of Pakistan Navy.

Investigation of polymorphisms of CHGA gene's promoter region in patients with essential hypertension

Purpose:Essential hypertension is defined as high blood pressure with an unknown cause or as high blood pressure that does not develop due to a secondary disease. Essential hypertension is associated with many gene polymorphisms, metabolic pathways and known systems. However the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is not fully understood. Recently a lot of emphasis has been put on one of the susceptible genes, Chromogranin A (CHGA) gene. CHGA gene, which is mainly expressed in the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic axon, regulates storage and release of catecholamines by intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. The aim of this study is to investigate polymorphisms in CHGA gene’s promoter T-1014C, T-988G, G-462A and T-415C regions with sequence analysis in patients with essential hypertension and control cases. Materials and methods:In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected in tubes with EDTA from 50 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and 32 healthy controls. DNA was obtained from the samples. DNA sequence with T-1014C, T-988G, S-462 and C-415T polymorphisms at the promoter region of CHGA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. Polymorphisms were analyzed

Clinical observation on 34 cases of essential hypertension treated by guasha

ObjectiveTo observe the antihypertensive efficacy of guasha for essential hypertension. MethodsThirty-four cases of essential hypertension were treated with guasha along the following route of the governor vessel, the bladder meridian and the gallbladder meridian and the hand yangming large intestine meridian and the foot yangming stomach meridian on the head, neck and back. The gentle stimulation and supplementation method was applied for deficiency syndrome and the heavy stimulation and drainage method was applied for excess syndrome. Two times a week, total 8 treatments were given Blood pressure was measured at different time points from 2:00PM to 8:00PM (2:00PM, 2:30PM, 3:00PM, 3:30PM, 4:00PM, 5:00PM, 6:00PM, 8:00PM) before the first application of guasha and after the eighth treatment, respectively. ResultsCompared with each time point before the first application of guasha, there were statistically significant differences of blood pressure at each corresponding time point after the eighth guasha (all P<0.01). Blood pressure reduced from (147.42 ± 13.04)/(86.27 ± 11.91) mmHg to (129.35 ± 9.16)/(80.15 ± 9.41) mmHg; the score of grading and quantifying of TCM pattern significantly decreased (P<0.01). The score of quality of life scale of Duchenne hypertension significantly increased (P<0.01). ConclusionBlood pressure can be effectively reduced by adopting guasha, and the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with essential hypertension can be improved.

Role of insulin resistance in essential hypertension

Introduction Hypertension is a major health problem with widespread and sometimes devastating consequences. To confirm the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, many studies have been conducted. As no data in this regard are available from our part of the world, our study focuses onestablishing the role of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia in the hypertensive Kashmiri population. Materials and methods The study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital from December 2010 to October 2012. A total of 100 individuals aged above 18 years were recruited; 50 were newly detected cases of essential hypertension and 50 were age-matched and sex-matched normal healthy individuals. Serum insulin concentration was measured using an insulin electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). A comparison and contrast analysis of data was carried out using standard statistical methods. Results Statistically, the difference in mean fasting blood glucose between the two study groups was significant (P=0.0001). The mean fasting serum insulin level was 15.32±13.76 µU/ml in cases and 8.01±4.08 µU/ml in controls (reference range 2.6–24.9 µU/ml); the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The mean value of HOMA-IR in cases was 3.81±3.42 as compared with controls with a mean HOMA-IR value of 1.76±0.93. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Conclusion Essential hypertension is significantly associated with higher mean fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia has a possible role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension with insulin resistance being the likely predominant mechanism.

Association of ACE, FABP2 and GST genes polymorphism with essential hypertension risk among a North Indian population

Background: Hypertension has a multi-factorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors. ACE, FABP2 and GST genes have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. However, the results have been inconsistent.Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the association of ACE (rs4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism with essential HTN cases and controls.Subjects and methods: This study includes 138 essential hypertension (HTN) patients and 116 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects. GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphisms were evaluated by multiplex PCR, ACE (rs4646994) gene polymorphisms by PCR and FABP2 (rs1799883) gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method.Results: Significant differences were obtained in the frequencies of ACE DD, II genotype (p = 0.006, 0.003), GSTT1 null, GSTM1 positive genotype (p = 0.048, 0.010) and FABP2 Ala54/Ala54 genotype (p = 0.049) between essential HTN cases and controls.Conclusion: It is concluded that ACE (rs 4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism are associated with HTN. Further investigation with a larger sample size may be required to validate this study.

Abstract 563: Whole Mitochondrial Genome Association Analysis Of Essential Hypertension In Chinese General Population

Objective: Genetic studies of essential hypertension have mainly focused on the genome-wide association study of nuclear genes, which could explain just a small fraction of the heritability of blood pressure traits. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial genetic variants and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese general population. Methods: Demographic and clinical matched 100 pairs of Chinese-Han EH patients and controls were recruited in the derivation cohort. A total of 797 EH patients and 816 controls were recruited in the derivation cohort. DNA was extracted from the peripheral whole blood of each patient. The whole mitochondrial genome was re-sequenced in the derivation cohort. The screened related variants were genotyped in the derivation cohort. Association analysis was performed to identify EH related variants. Results: In the derivation cohort, a total of 537 variants were detected in mitochondrial genome with 29 in tRNA-coding genes, 45 in rRNA-coding genes, 10 in D-Loop functional regions, and 453 in protein-encoded genes. No statistical difference could be found between EH patients and controls for the distribution of t-RNA, r-RNA and D-loop variants. For the protein-encoded genes, compared with controls, the occurrence of ND2 C5178A genetic variant was significantly lower [18% (18 in 100) vs. 31% (31 in 100), P = 0.03] in EH cases. Similarly, the distribution of C8414T of ATP8 gene in EH cases was significantly lower(10% vs. 22%, P = 0.02)than that in controls. No other mitochondrial variant exhibited significantly different distribution between EH cases and controls in the derivation cohort. The significant protective roles of ND2 and ATP8 genetic variants on EH were confirmed in the validation cohort (For ND2 C5178A: 24.59% (196 in 797) in EH vs. 32.72% (267 in 816) in control; adjusted OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49-0.79, P &lt; 0.001; For ATP8 C8414T: 17.69% (141 in 797) in EH vs. 23.16% (189 in 816) in control; adjusted OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89, P = 0.005). Conclusion: This study provides the evidence that mitochondrial genetic variants of C5178A in ND2 gene and C8414T in ATP8 gene may exert protective role against EH in Chinese general population.

Association of T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis.

The association between T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension risk remains controversial. We herein performed a meta-analysis to achieve a reliable estimation of their relationship. All the studies published up to May 2013 on the association between T174M polymorphism and essential hypertension risk were identified by searching the electronic repositories PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Ultimately, nine eligible studies, including 2188 essential hypertension cases and 2459 controls, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. No significant associations were found under the overall ORs for M-allele comparison (M vs. T, pooled OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62-1.37), MM vs. TT (pooled OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.29-2.51), TM vs. TT n (pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63-1.32), recessive model (MM vs. TT+TM, pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.35-2.30), dominant model (MM+TM vs. TT, pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.60-1.38) between T174M polymorphism and risk for essential hypertension. This meta-analysis suggested that the T174M polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene might not be associated with the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Asian or European populations.

Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in six hypertensive candidate genes and hypertension among northern Han Chinese individuals.

Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a potent and powerful mediator in the homeostasis of hypertension. Here, the association between six candidate genes, renin, adrenoceptor β3, angiotensinogen, aldosterone synthase, angiotensin II receptor type 1 and angiotensin II receptor type 2, that are related to RAAS and essential hypertension (EH) was evaluated and explored in northern Chinese Han individuals. A case-control study including 1090 EH cases and 700 controls was performed. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs699, rs4762, rs5707, rs5186, rs4994, rs1799998, rs5193 and rs5194, located in the six genes were genotyped with TaqMan real-time PCR method. Statistical analysis software (SPSS 17.0) was used for descriptive statistics and association analyses. Among the six genes related to RAAS, the frequencies of rs4994 (ADRB3) and rs5194 (AGTR2) were found to be significantly different between the EH cases and controls (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates showed rs4994 to be closely associated with EH under the recessive (P = 0.019, odds ratio (OR) = 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.163-0.851) and homozygous (P = 0.028, OR = 0.394, 95% CI 0.172-0.903) models. The association was also significantly close in the male subset (P < 0.05). Significant association was also observed between rs1799998 (CYP11B2) and EH (P < 0.05) in the dominant, additive and allelic models. These data demonstrated that ADRB3 rs4994 and CYP11B2 rs1799998 were significantly closely associated with EH in northern Han Chinese individuals. The CC of rs4994 and CC or C allele of rs1799998 might be protective genetic factors of hypertension.

Association Between 1019C/T Polymorphism in the Connexin 37 Gene and Essential Hypertension

To investigate the association between the CX 37 1019C/T polymorphism and the susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH). A total of 1126 cases of EH were diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Wuxi City, China. A control group consisted of 874 healthy people, i.e., non-EH patients. All cases were genotyped by DNA sequencing. Polymorphism C1019T on the Connexin37 gene was found in the whole population. The distribution of three genotype frequencies in both groups was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the CX37C allele was higher in EH patients (57.4% vs. 42.1%, χ(2)=92.5, P<0.01) compared to the control group. The frequency of C carriers (CC+TC) was 80.5% in EH patients compared to 66.7% in the control (χ(2)=49.0, P<0.01). EH risk was significantly increased in carriers of C the allele (CC+TC) over that in the TT homozygote (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.68 ∼ 2.52). Subsequent stratified analyses demonstrate that a significant difference exists in the frequency of C carriers between male EH patients and controls (79.2% vs. 69.1%, χ(2)=13.4, P<0.01) and in female EH patients and the control group (81.8% vs. 64.4%, χ(2)=38.7, P<0.01). The carriers of the C allele had higher EH risk compared with the TT homozygote without sex differences (male: OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.28 ∼ 2.27; female: OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.85 ∼ 3.31). The C allele in the CX37 gene might be associated with the susceptibility to EH in population of Wuxi, China.

Correlation analysis between the degree of anxiety and serum homocysteine level patients with essential hypertension

Objective To study the correlation between the degree of anxious state in patients with hypertension and the serum homocysteine level. Methods This is a case-control study in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January to May in 2013. 164 cases of essential hypertension with continuing unstable blood pressure after being treated for nearly a week were include.They have been analysed with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 evaluation scale for anxiety and depression state. According to the anxiety status, patients were devided into three groups:GroupⅠ (28 cases without anxiety), GroupⅡ (81 cases with mild anxiety), group Ⅲ (55 cases with moderate-to-severe anxiety). Results (1) Correlation analysis showed, the GAD-7 anxiety scale score related with age, PHQ-9 Depression Scale and Hcy level (P＜0.05),PHQ-9 Depression Scale score and Hcy levels were correlated (P＜0.05). (2) Multiple stepwise regression showed that PHQ-9 Depression Scale entered the regression equation,while GAD-7 anxiety scale, age and the level of hcy were risk factors. Conclusion Hcy level is a risk factor for hypertension patients with depression, there is correlation with the severity of anxiety. Mental health should be paid attention to patients with essential hypertension. （Chin J Lab Med,2014,37:219-221） Key words: Hypertension; Anxiety; Homocysteine

Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population: A hospital based cross sectional study

ObjectiveTo develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension. MethodsThe study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department. Hypertension was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee. Totally 205 newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched normotensive controls were enrolled in the study. The potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were controlled. Uric acid levels in all participants were analyzed. ResultsRenal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and normotensive healthy controls were adjusted. The mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in normotensive healthy controls were (290.05±87.05) μmol/L and (245.24±99.38) μmol/L respectively. A total of 59 (28.8%) participants of cases and 28 (13.7%) participants of controls had hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.555 (95% CI: 1.549–4.213), P<0.001). ConclusionsThe mean serum uric acid levels and number of hyperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.