Road Traffic Accident Cases Research Articles

Implication of osteoplastic flap for frontal sinus surgery in the endoscopic era

<p class="abstract">In the present era where functional endoscopic sinus surgery is the mainstay of management for any frontal sinus disease, we present a case series comprising six cases of various frontal sinus pathology that were managed with an external approach using a bicoronal osteoplastic flap technique of which three cases were of inverted papilloma, one case of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, one case of frontal mucocele and a case of road traffic accident with frontal bone and nasal bone fracture. The cases had a mean follow-up period of 6 months. There was no recurrence of disease and no significant postoperative complications have been reported during the follow-up period so far. Osteoplastic anterior wall approach to the frontal sinus has proved to be one of the most effective, simple, and reliable procedures with excellent success rate and good cosmesis.</p>

The Pattern of Injury from Road Traffic Accident Presenting at Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College.

Road traffic accidents are the major public health problem. The objective of the study was to analyze road traffic accidents presenting in Kathmandu Medical College Emergency Department. The data from all consecutive road traffic accident cases brought to Emergency Department Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital were collected from 2018 Jan-2018 June. Factors like age of the patients, time of the accident, influence of illicit substances and type of injury were documented. Males (74) were common victims than the females (26). Eldest patient was 65 years of the age while youngest patient was 4 years. Most common type of injury was fracture in male 28 (37%)and laceration in females8 (38%). Alcohol intoxication was evident by positive alcohol smell test in 10 (13.6%) males and 6(23%) females. Road traffic accidents are major health concern in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital and preventive measures should be considered to reduce such health burden.

Forensic Medical Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases Admitted to Minia University Hospital

Road traffic accident, Egypt, Injuries, Deaths. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) constitute a significant public health problem, they are rising in an alarming rate and causing increased morbidity and mortality among people. The objective of this study is to retrospectively analyze the data of road traffic accidents cases in Minia University Hospital from January to December 2016. The data was obtained from sheets of road traffic accident cases enrolled to the hospital within the year 2016 and statistically analyzed as regard the age groups and sex distribution, the causal vehicle, the pattern of injuries occurred, seasonal variation, and the number of deaths due to RTA, the leading causes of death and the survival period following the accident. The total number of studied cases was 370; most of the injuries were observed in adults (74.3%), with marked increase in males (79.5 %). Four wheels were the most causal vehicles (58.9%) for RTAs with higher incidence in spring. Bone fractures were the most common injury pattern (60.5 %) followed by head injuries (37.6 %), then abdominal injuries (9.7%), and finally chest injuries (8.4%). Skin injuries were observed only in (27.8%) of cases. The total number of deaths was 126 (34.1%) cases. Range of survival period was 0-11 days; the most frequent injury presented in dead cases was head injuries (69.8%). The present study concluded that bone fractures were the most common injury pattern in RTAs while head injuries were the main contributing factor for death. The skin injury is not indicative of severity of internal injury.

Injury Pattern among Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Mortuary

Injury Pattern among Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Mortuary

Pattern of Craniocerebral Injuries in Road Traffic Accident Cases in Mangalore-Autopsy based Retrospective Study

Abstract Introduction: Cranio cerebral injury as a result of road traffic accident ( RTA) is commonly seen in countries like India. This study mainly focused on injuries like craniocerebral injuries associated with road traffic accidents. Methodology: Study Design: Autopsy based retrospective study on the patterns of craniocerebral injuries in road traffic accident cases. Study area: Study was pursued in department of Forensic Medicine, Tertiary care Hospital, Mangalore among victims who underwent autopsy at Government Wenlock Hospital Mortuary. Sample size determination: 195 autopsy reports of road traffic accident victims was reviewed during 20172018. Results: Among 195 case reports reviewed, most of the victims were males 81.5% and 18.5% female, male to female ratio of 4.4:1. Highest incidence of RTA was observed among the age group of 30-40yrs ie 45(23.1%) cases followed by 40-50 years having 40(20.5%) cases. The least age group involved was more than 70 years having 7(3.6%) cases. Conclusion: It is high time for concerned authority to take appropriate and immediate measures for reducing the incidences of head injury associated with RTA and thereby protecting this vulnerable group of people. Recommendation: The outcome of the study is to give proper knowledge regarding preventive measures.

Emphasising the importance and evaluation of contributions of pre-morbid disorders to death in medicolegal autopsies

Background: The role of the anatomical pathologist is very crucial in the investigation of deaths in suspicious circumstances. It entails thorough dissection, scrutiny of organ changes and sound intellectual processes to guide legal authorities to take proper decisions based on medicolegal reports of autopsies.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the presence of pre-morbid conditions in deceased persons during medicolegal autopsies and to ascertain the contributions of pre-morbid diseases to the process of death.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of medicolegal autopsy records over eleven years (2007-2017) was done and the data was analyzed by simple descriptive statistical methods. The inclusion criteria were disorders that predated the medicolegal event resulting in death. Conditions known to be pathophysiological components of the medicolegal event were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 246 cases were considered but only 10 cases met the inclusion criteria. The manner of death in four of the cases within the inclusion criteria were accidental deaths, including three cases of road traffic accident and one case of aircraft crash. There were three cases of infective illness, one case of gunshot injury to the head, one case of death from occupational hazard and one case of death due to injuries from machete cuts. The pre-medical conditions in most of the cases on strict morphological assessment were incidental findings and were not deemed to be contributory in any way to the process of death. Conclusion: It is very important for the anatomical pathologist to probe meticulously for the cause of death and explain the role of every lesion seen at autopsy in the process of death. This is necessary so as to avoid doubts, the insinuations of incomplete autopsies and unnecessary controversies in medicolegal cases.

A Retrospective Evaluation of Pattern of Injuries Sustained During Road Traffic Accident in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background Expansion in road network, motorization, and urbanization in the country has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic accidents (RTAs). RTA is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude and gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people. Road traffic injury (RTI) is major but neglected public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Objective To study the factors involved in the Road Traffic Accidents and nature, type and mode of occurrence of Accidents. Methodology The study is a retrospective analysis of cases of RTAs victims admitted in HIMS, Hassan (Karnataka) during the period between Jan 2016 and Dec 2016. The information about the patients admitted as cases of RTAs were ascertained from the hospital records. Results From the Records a total of 559 cases of road traffic Accidents were analysed. In our study majority (47.4%) of the victims were in the middle age between the age group of 21–40 years. Around 63.1% of the accidents had occurred on state highways and 19.1% in the cross road junctions. The intake of Alcohol by the persons who met with accident was found to be significantly associated with the age group of the study subjects and Gender. Conclusion Road safety is a multifactorial public health issue with many factors involving in it. The impact of mortality and morbidity of Road traffic accident leads to great loss to the families and society. RTA has become an emerging problem in developing countries taking lives of the productive age group of the society

An epidemiological study on road traffic accident cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital of central Uttar Pradesh

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities, and nations. The estimated cost is around 1–2% of a country’s Gross National Product in lower income countries. Rural India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure and reach to them in their golden period. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of injury and to assess the effectiveness of ambulance services. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of victims of RTA cases as study subjects who were admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital after they are stabilized and shifted to orthopedics and surgery ward. It included comatose patients and excluding patients of the outpatient department. Results: Majority of RTA victims used government ambulance 354 (54.1%) followed by owned vehicle 214 (32.7%) and least of them used private ambulance 86 (13.2%) to reach the hospital. Only 276 (42.2%) of victims received ambulance services at the time of accident occurrence in their golden period. In our study, mechanism of injury majorly was collision type 451 (69%) followed by acceleration 110 (16.9%) and deceleration 93 (14.3%) among the road accident victims. Among various body head region was most common 254 (39%) followed by lower limb 230 (35.2%). Conclusion: The mortality among road accident cases increased with the increase in duration to reach the hospital. The system which was involved in RTA cases was majorly skeletal system followed by the central nervous system.

Burden, pattern, and causes of road traffic accidents in South India: Estimate of years of life lost

Context: Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the major preventable public health problems and is on the rise. Aims: The aims of this study were to estimate the burden of RTA in Andhra Pradesh calculating years of life lost (YLL) and age-standardized YLL rates and to evaluate sex- and age-related differences in premature mortality. Subjects and Materials: The data were obtained from State Crime Record Bureau of Andhra Pradesh and Census of India 2011 for age-specific population to calculate YLL and mortality rates were calculated based on the age of the person involved in the accident. Results: A total of 24,258 RTA cases were reported from January 2015 to December 2015. Most of the cases 16,995 reported RTA are from rural areas. The time slot with the highest rate of road accidents in the morning was 09:00 am–12:00 am and in the evening was 06:00 pm–09:00 pm. The age group 25–34 years were the most vulnerable toward road accidental death of which male and female died in RTA were 929 (26.57%) and 101 (28.06%), respectively. Most of the RTA occurred at T-Junctions causing 5548 accidents with a share of 31.52% the total RTA on Junctions, the total YLL was 89,557, and highest YLL was 25,486 in 25–34 years of age group. Conclusions: We conclude that there is high fatal mortality and YLL in young age group in Andhra Pradesh. These are preventable events, and efforts to reduce the associated economic and social burden must be made.

Profile of Cases of Fatal Road Traffic Accident with Respect to Diurnal Variation of Time, Age, Sex and Death of Victim in Central Rural India-Autopsy Based Study

Road traffic accident is a complex phenomenon. Constant rise in the number of motor vehicles, rampant encroachment of road, easy to avail the vehicle because of loan facility, nasty tendency of violating traffic rules and anarchic traffic systems have greatly contributed to rapid increase in RTAs. The rise of road traffic accidents has become a major public health problem. RTAs cost a lot not only to the individuals affected and their families but also to the nation. The injuries, disability and fatality resulting from unexpected RTAs put a significant drain on the economy of the nation.

Profile of Internal Injuries to Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis Sustained by the Victim During Fatal Road Traffic Accident in Central India

Road traffic accident is a complex phenomenon. Constant rise in the number of motor vehicles, rampant encroachment of road, easy to avail the vehicle because of loan facility, nasty tendency of violating traffic rules and anarchic traffic systems have greatly contributed to rapid increase in RTAs. Population explosion is a catalyzing factor for a number of accidents. The rise of road traffic accidents has become a major public health problem. The injuries, disability and fatality resulting from unexpected RTAs put a significant drain on the economy of the nation. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in central India during 1.6 year period from 1st June 2014 to 1st Jan 2017. During the study period, a total of 757 medicolegal autopsies were conducted in this institute, out of which 109 cases of fatal road traffic accidents (died on spot or within 24 hours of accident) were studied. The purpose of the study was to know the pattern of injuries in victims of fatal RTAs and to establish the correlation between the injury and the cause of death.

Epidemiological assessment of road traffic accidents among the naval population

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. The problem is more critical and increasing in developing countries due to rapid motorization and poor conditions of the road. In Indian Navy too, there is serious concern regarding injuries and deaths due to RTAs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study and document the factors involved in RTAs as well as elucidate major modifiable risk factors for RTA among the naval population. Materials and Methods: Medicolegal case records pertaining to RTAs in the naval population for the period January 1, 2016–December 31, 2017, from all Naval Hospitals and major base units of Indian Navy were obtained and analyzed. Results: During the study, a total of 1608 cases of RTA were documented. More than half of the cases (n = 841; 52%) involved personnel between the ages of 21 and 30 years. Maximum number of cases (n = 179; 11.1%) occurred in July and in terms of hours of the day, maximum cases were documented as occurring between 1200 and 1600 h (n = 394; 24.5%), whereas another 24.4% of cases happened in the night starting at 2000 h. Age <40 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–3.38), history of consumption of alcohol (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.27–2.47), and involvement of another vehicle in the accident (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.16–2.08) were found to be independent risk factors for grievous injury. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality of trained and professional workforce due to RTAs is a major cause of concern for the Indian Navy. The present study highlights the factors associated with RTAs among the naval population and emphasizes the need to take decisive steps to reduce RTA's and prevent the loss of precious lives of naval personnel.

Pattern and Distribution of Injuries in Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases of Bikers in Haryana a Retrospective Study

Expansion in road network, motorization, and urbanization in the state of Haryana has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic injuries. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present study aims at evaluation of pattern and distribution of injuries among bikers thereby planning successful measures to minimize fatalities. The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana. During one year study period a total of 1557 cases of medico-legal autopsies were conducted out of which 654 cases were of fatal road traffic accidents. This study included 53 cases of bikers victims of fatal road traffic accident, brought for medico-legal post-mortem examination details of which had been recorded regarding the pattern and distribution of injuries. Highest number of fatalities occurred in the age group of 21–30 years followed by the age group 31–40 years. Male victims outnumbered female resulting in male to female ratio of 52: 1. Abrasions, contusions and lacerations were the most common type of injuries. The most of deaths were caused by head injury and more than one-sixth of the deaths were due to pelvic and extremities injuries.

Kidnapping, Rape and Murder of a Minor Girl

Physical and sexual assault with or without homicide occurs throughout world regardless of race, age, nationality, financial status etc. Women and childrenare the most vulnerable group as they may not be able to defend themselves. Sexual cases are generally not reported because of social stigma and whatever we see is the tip of iceberg. This case deals with the story of a minor [14yrs] girl who was found lying by the side of road in an unconscious condition with multiple injuries. Inquest report was prepared as a case of road traffic accident but later on she was identified and then relative of injured complaint to police against certain suspects that she was kidnapped from her house and was allegedly raped and later on died and the postmortem examination was conducted in Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College, Amritsar.

Epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases in emergency department of tertiary care centre of Eastern Nepal

Epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases in emergency department of tertiary care centre of Eastern Nepal

Plain Radiograph of Abdomen Mimicking Contrast Study.

A case of road traffic accident with incidental finding of multiple opacities in the pelvis radiography was evaluated and diagnosed as chalk eating was the cause and managed conservatively. We report here the details of the case.

Epidemiology, clinical management, and outcomes of dogs involved in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom (2009-2014).

To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs and describe the management and outcome of these dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. The study population included 199,464 dogs attending 115 primary-care clinics across the United Kingdom. Electronic patient records of dogs attending practices participating in theVetCompassProgramme were assessed against selection criteria used to define RTA cases. Cases identified as RTAs were identified and manually verified to calculate prevalence.Univariableand multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and RTA. The prevalence of RTA was 0.41%. Of the RTA cases, 615 (74.9%) were purebred, 322 (39.2%) were female, and 285 (54.8%) were insured. The median age at RTA was 2.5 years. After accounting for the effects of other factors, younger dogs had increased odds of an RTA event: dogs aged under 3 years showed 2.9 times the odds and dogs aged between 6-9 years showed 1.8 times the odds of an RTA event compared with dogs aged over 14 years. Males had 1.4 times the odds of an RTA event compared with females. Overall, 22.9% of cases died from a cause associated with RTA. Of dogs with information available, 34.0% underwent diagnostic imaging, 29.4% received intravenous fluid-therapy, 71.1% received pain relief, 46.0% were hospitalized, and 15.6% had surgery performed under general anesthetic. This study identified important demographic factors associated with RTA in dogs, notably being young and male.

HIGH VAGINAL SWABS;

Objectives: To study the road traffic accident (RTA) fatalities in Faisalabad, in relation to vulnerability of victims, their sociodemographic characteristics and to identify the risk factors of fatal RTAs. Study Design: A descriptive retrospective study. Setting: PostMortem Unit, Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College (PMC) Faisalabad. Period: From January to December, 2006. Materials &amp; Methods:Eighty-five dead bodies of fatal RTAs brought for Medico legal autopsies, to Allied Hospital, (PMC) Faisalabad, during calendar year 2006 wereincluded in study for Post Mortem Examination. Results: In this study maximum cases of road traffic accident were among males (91%), male tofemale ratio was approximately 9:1. Maximum incidence of RTA was in the age range of 21 to 50 years comprising 55.29% and commonest agegroup involved was 21-30 years accounted for (21.18%). Most common victims were pedestrians 41.18% followed by motorcyclists 29.41%and cyclists 16.47%. Incidence was more common in the pedestrian. Conclusions: Road traffic accident is the leading cause of deaths anddisabilities worldwide and it is needed to prevent them. Road traffic crashes are predictable and therefore preventable. In order to combat theproblem, there is a need for close coordination and collaboration, using a holistic and integrated approach, across many sectors and manydisciplines.

New systems-based method to conduct analysis of road traffic accidents

Road safety has become a major public issue in China. This study collected a total of 396 road traffic accident cases that occurred in 28 provinces from 1985 to 2014 in China. The type of vehicles involved in the accidents includes cargo vehicles (126), passenger vehicles (253), dangerous chemicals transport vehicles (128), and cars (9). A new systems approach that integrates the causal categories framework based on the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) and the contributory factor interactions model (CFIM) was applied to conduct analysis of road traffic accidents to determine whether systems approaches should be used during road accident analysis efforts. The analysis of results leads to the following conclusions. (i) According to the causal categories framework based on HFACS, the frequency of “unsafe behaviours” is highest at the category level; the frequency of “violations” is the highest at the subcategory level. “Overloading/overcrowding,” “speeding,” “failed to provide supervision,” and “fatigue driving” should receive attention at the special indicator level. (ii) The new systems-based method that integrated the HFACS and the CFIM, which highlights the interactions between all levels of the causal categories, is a suitable method to analyse road traffic accidents. (iii) All latent categories, including “outside factors,” “organizational influences,” “unsafe supervision,” and “preconditions for unsafe behaviours,” can affect “unsafe behaviours”; “outside factors,” “organizational influences,” “unsafe supervision,” and “preconditions for unsafe behaviours” can influence each other. These interactions have not been quantitatively examined in previous studies. The findings of this study also demonstrate that the OR is a suitable technique to quantitatively examine the interactions among contributory factors.

Under-reporting of road traffic accidents in traffic police records- a cross sectional study from North India

Background: Underreporting of deaths and injuries resulting from road traffic accidents is a major issue globally. Understanding the extent of underreporting and the causes along with the assessment of quality of data available will help in developing a better system of reporting and accurate estimation of burden and risk factors which aid in developing prevention programmes. Methods: A cross sectional study was done keeping hospital records as a baseline data to which the under reporting in the police records on traffic injuries was measured. The population under study was the total number of accidents that took place in Chandigarh in the month of June-July 2011 and had reported to the emergency department of three major government hospitals. These three hospitals have been selected purposefully as majority of the road traffic accident victims are being admitted/ treated in these hospitals. Results: A total of 537 cases and 375 cases were recorded in police and hospital records respectively for the month of June-July 2011. Only 15% cases from the police records were matched with the hospital records. Among the matched 64% were completely matched and 36% were partially matched cases. None of fatal injuries registered in both the records were among the matched cases. Most of the road traffic accident cases (79.4%) involved males aged 20-49 years. The official records of road accidents have been found to be incomplete in terms of number of accident and information on age, sex, address of the victim, type and severity of injury. Conclusions: A standardised reporting format of all RTIs should be developed and maintained by both the police and hospitals. All hospitals should mandatorily report all RTI cases reported to them to the police to ensure completeness.