System In Case Research Articles

A language competition model for new minorities

This article presents a new model describing a language competition situation between a local majority language and a migrant minority language. Migrants enter the society, form families, and produce offspring. Adults raise their children in either one of the two languages or both. Children then attend school, learn additional languages as adults, and produce a new cohort with its own linguistic repertoire. Families and adults are utility maximizing actors, who take into account instrumental aspects of languages, such as their communicative range, as well as identity-related aspects. A general macro-level model describes how the linguistic composition of a population facing migration changes over time. Furthermore, a specific functional form of the general model is proposed and steady states are analyzed. Finally, for illustrative purposes, the model is applied to the case of Spanish and English in the United States.

Factors affecting the acceptability of grammatical features of Hong Kong English

Although a large number of varieties of English in Asia have gained recognition as independent varieties, this has not been the case for Hong Kong English (HKE) (Jenkins, 2015: 162). The city has a low level of affiliation towards HKE (Jenkins, 2015: 167) and often laments its ever-falling standard of English (Leung, 2015). There exists a phenomenon of ‘linguistic schizophrenia’ – the community may recognise that a local variety of English exists and conform to its features in practice, but it still looks to native varieties as the norm and views local features as evidence of deteriorating language standards (Kachru, 1983: 118).

Curriculum Design and Teaching Practice of ESP: A Case of Electric Power English at NEEPU

The value of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses lies in the fact that it is in essence a practical educational activity addressing certain specific needs. This paper carries out a descriptive case study of an ESP course “Electric Power English” offered in Northeast Electric Power University, which deals with the aspects of curriculum design and teaching practice. This paper reports the development of a curriculum comprised of English for General Purposes (EGP) courses, bridging EGP courses and ESP courses, and aims at giving some inspiration for the solution of common problems in ESP teaching practice.

Использование теории валентности и аппарата падежной грамматики для характеристики семантики производного слова

The article discusses the valence concept as a phenomenon at an intersection of syntax and lexical semantics. The author also provides the types of valence and directions that help to study the valence theory in parallel with case grammar. The study aims to look into the reasons why the derivative word may be the reflection of underlying grammatical case meanings.

The Dublin James Joyce Summer School, 2018: 'Thirty Years On'

The Dublin James Joyce Summer School, 2018:'Thirty Years On' Alberto Tondello There is always a slight thrill surrounding a 30th birthday celebration. Distinguished either by a momentary crisis or a sense of accomplishment, thirty years of existence mark a point of awareness, a particularly ripe time for a re-evaluation. This year, the Dublin James Joyce Summer School celebrated its 30th anniversary, as Joycean researchers and enthusiasts from around the world gathered once again for the first week of July. Following the practised, consolidated structure of alternating morning lectures, afternoon seminars, and a wide variety of social activities, this year's Summer School seemed to develop around the work of reassessment typical for a 30th birthday. The morning lectures, delivered at the James Joyce Centre by ten exceptional speakers, presented new readings and interpretations challenging what might be seen as well-established ideas on Joyce, his time, and his works. Anne Fogarty, director of the School and Chair of Joyce Studies at UCD, set off this enriching process of re-evaluation with her opening lecture on Monday morning. Focussing on the rise of a new wave of modernism, Fogarty brilliantly analysed works by Anne Enright, Mike McCormack, and Eimear McBride to assess Joyce's political, ethical, and stylistic effects on contemporary Irish writers. Offering an image particularly fitting in a Dublin untouched by rain and struck by an unprecedented heat-wave, Fogarty suggested that Irish writers are learning to write in the light, rather than in the shadow, of James Joyce. This positive approach creates, in turn, a new picture of Joyce as an artist as it defines the contours of a writer who can be an animating force rather than an impediment, and a source of continuous development, rather than the origin of obstructive anxieties. In line with this vision, the morning lectures circled around ideas of influence and collaboration, and revealed through an array of different approaches the [End Page 228] relational forces playing at the heart of the work of the artist and of the scholar alike. Michael Cronin used Herbert Marcuse as a theoretical springboard to revisit some passages from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Differentiating between sexuality and eros, Cronin attempted to revitalize the (erotic) energy at work in A Portrait, showing how the artist is animated not only by cerebral but also by bodily and affective forces. If Cronin ended his talk by considering subjectivity as necessarily relational, Peter Kuch centred his lecture on the many ways in which a marital relationship might be legally interrupted. Presenting some of the research he undertook for his book Irish Divorce/Joyce's 'Ulysses', Kuch depicted the intricacies surrounding Irish divorce between World War I and the 1930s. Drawing from Every Man's a Lawyer (a book Joyce owned), legal texts, and more than 1,500 divorce cases in English and Irish newspapers, Kuch analysed the possibility of divorce faced by Molly and Bloom in the light of historical, legal, and archival sources. Through a similar mix of textual and historical analysis, Fritz Senn took the term 'exile' in its wider possible sense to conduct a fascinating analysis of the linguistic and biographical exiles in Joyce's works. Only a scholar with Senn's degree of knowledge and insight could have moved with such ease from an examination of the real people whom Joyce included—exiled, as it were—in Ulysses, to a close reading of some of Joyce's 'lexical exiles' or, as he put it, 'lexiles'. In his engaging lecture, Senn highlighted the pleasures of reading Ulysses, showing Joyce's ability to make things foreign by constantly breaking down frameworks, by changing the register of his characters, and by modifying words to create new meanings. Digging into textual and biographical material, Elizabeth Bonapfel and Luca Crispi were particularly skilful in questioning the image of Joyce as a solitary genius, pointing out the personal and professional connections which supported his creative work. Pursuing her research on punctuation, Bonapfel reconstructed the compositional history of A Portrait, tracing the changes in the use of dashes from 1904 to its revised, second edition in 1917. Moving dexterously from punctuation, to the complexities of editing...

Types of Englishes and the case of maritime English: some insights

The role of English as a world language can be traced back to its formal role as the dominant language of the British Empire, whereby Standard British English has diversified into numerous regional and local varieties of ''new Englishes''. The paper is an attempt to make a theoretical overview of the role of English nowadays, analyzing some of its varieties and approaches to Maritime English as a fully-fledged type of ESP, arguing for its unique character, since its teaching and learning, as well as its research, are based on international legal procedures.

Sensory language across lexical categories

Being able to talk about what humans perceive with their senses is one of the fundamental capacities of language. But how do languages encode perceptual information? In this paper, we analyze how experiences from different senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell) are encoded differentially across lexical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives) in the English language. Three independently collected lists of perception-related words show that sound concepts are more prone to being expressed as verbs. Additional data show that nouns rated to strongly relate to motion are also rated to strongly relate to sound, more so than is the case for color-related nouns. We argue that the association of sound with verbs is due to sound concepts being inherently more dynamic, motion-related and event-based, in contrast to other sensory perceptions which are phenomenologically less strongly associated with motion and change. Overall, our results are the first to show differential encoding of perception-related concepts across different lexical categories. Our analyses of lexical patterns furthermore provide empirical evidence for the interconnection between semantics and grammar.

Language Choice in Note-Taking - The Case of Korean and English

Language Choice in Note-Taking - The Case of Korean and English

Awareness of L2 Syllable Structures: The Case of L2 Japanese and L2 English(L2 Acquisitioin, Phonetics and Phonology of Language Acquisition)

Awareness of L2 Syllable Structures: The Case of L2 Japanese and L2 English(L2 Acquisitioin, Phonetics and Phonology of Language Acquisition)

From the past into the present: From case frames to semantic frames

AbstractThis paper first shows how Frame Semantics grew out of earlier work on Case Grammar. Then, it discusses some of the basic principles of Frame Semantics and shows how these have been implemented in FrameNet, an online corpus-based lexicographic database (http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). Using semantic frames to structure the lexicon of English, FrameNet provides a wealth of information showing how frame elements (situation-specific semantic roles) are realized syntactically (valence patterns). Finally, the paper provides an overview of how frame-semantic principles have been applied to cover non-lexical phenomena using compatible annotation and data formats. This so-called “constructicon” offers entries of grammatical constructions that are also based on corpus data and that are parallel to lexical entries in FrameNet.

Move Structure of Research Article Abstracts on Management: Contrastive Study (the Case of English and Russian)

Although a plethora of papers have proved a seminal role of move-based genre analysis in cross-linguistic research of academic communication and EAP/ESP teaching and learning, there is a lack of respective linguistic or pedagogically motivated studies of research articles (RAs) and their parts aimed at comparing English and Russian. Using Hyland’s (2000) 5-move model, the current research seeks to determine the most obvious cross-linguistic differences in the move structure of abstracts of research articles on management for these languages. Based on a move analysis of the English- and Russian-language corpora each comprising 20 unstructured RA abstracts, the research revealed conformity of most English-language abstracts to Hyland’s model, while the Russian abstracts principally displayed a three-move structure containing ‘purpose’, ‘method’ and ‘product’, and included the ‘introduction’ and ‘conclusion’ moves only occasionally. Other significant discrepancies comprised the English-language authors’ tendency to provide precise or detailed indication of research methods and results, in contrast to their brief indication or over-generalized mentioning by Russian writers, as well as greater length of the English-language abstracts and their stricter concordance to standard move sequence than those of the Russian abstracts. Though the research was conducted on relatively small corpora and was descriptive in nature, its findings might be of interest to genre analysts as well as to L2 theorists and practitioners.

Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

The association between mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCT) and acute megakaryoblastic (M7) leukemia has been known for many years. We hereby present this review to better characterize the coexistence of these entities as well as the salient features, the treatment options, and the overall prognosis. A search of PUBMED, Medline, and EMBASE databases via OVID engine for primary articles and case reports under keywords "germ cell tumors" and "acute myeloid leukemia" revealed a total of 26 cases in English that reported MGCT and M7 leukemia. The median age at diagnosis of MGCT was 24 (13-36) years. All cases were stage III. All cases of MGCT were of non-seminomatous origin and one case was unclassified. MGCT occurred prior to the diagnosis of leukemia in 46% of cases and concomitantly in 31% of cases. M7 leukemia was never reported prior to the appearance of MGCT. Complex cytogenetics and hyperdiploidy were the most commonly reported cytogenetic abnormalities. In the 23 cases where the treatment regimen was available, platinum-based chemotherapy directed towards management of the germ cell tumors was used initially in 21 cases and leukemia-directed treatment was used initially in 2 cases only. The median time from diagnosis of MGCT to development of M7 leukemia was 5 (2.25-39) months. Median time to death from the initial diagnosis of MGCT was 6(0.5-60)months. Patients with a history of MGCT are at higher risk of developing M7 leukemia. They need long-term follow-up with a particular attention to the development of hematological malignancies. The overall prognosis remains poor.

The perception–production link revisited: The case of Japanese learners' English /ɹ/ performance

The current study re‐examines how second language speech perception and production are related in the context of the acquisition of English /ɹ/ by 45 adult Japanese learners with various proficiency levels. Perception was evaluated using a two‐alternative forced choice identification task, while pronunciation performance was assessed via multiple task/analysis contexts. Overall, the participants' perception performance was correlated with the global qualities (accuracy, intelligibility) of their production ability both at controlled and spontaneous speech levels. In light of the results of acoustic analyses, however, their perception ability was only significantly predictive of their redeployment of existing articulatory parameters (i.e., lower F2 for the rate and degree of tongue retraction), not the acquisition of new articulatory parameters (i.e., lower F3 for labial, palatal, and pharyngeal constrictions).

The Language of Baptism in Early Anglo-Saxon England: The Case for Old English

This article explores the possibility that the vernacular (Old English) may have been used in the baptismal rite in Anglo-Saxon England before the middle of the eighth century. Statements made by Bede (d. 735) and Boniface (d. 754), provisions in the Canons of the Council ofClofesho(747) and the probable existence of a lost Old English exemplar for the ‘Old Saxon’ or ‘Utrecht’ baptismal promise (Palatinus latinus 755, fols 6v–7r), all suggest that it was. The use of the vernacular was most attractive in a context of ongoing Christianization, where the faith commitment of the baptizand was foregrounded and his or her understanding of the rite correspondingly highly valued. Later, the shift of focus towards the correct pronunciation of the Trinitarian formula and the increase of general knowledge about the baptismal rite reduced the impetus for translation, and Latin became the standard language of baptism. The translation and non-translation of the baptismal rite reflect broader concerns about the place of the Church of the English and its ethnic and cultural particularity within the universal Church, and particularly its relationship with Rome.

Accusative/Genitive Under Negation in Russian: From Syntactic Marking to Semantics

This study investigates the reasons for choosing the genitive or accusative case for propositional nouns with verbs in negative sentences. The probable reason for the recommendation in grammars to choose the genitive case with abstract nouns in negative construction is two constructions overlapping: the negative construction and the construction of descriptive predicate. The study examines 22 examples taken from the National Corpus of the Russian Language 2000-2017 with the propositional abstract object otvet (answer). The examples are divided into two groups – with the object included in the construction of the descriptive predicate and with the verb naming one proposition, and two-subject-constructions. The examples of both groups mostly contain genitive nouns, but for different reasons.

Syntactic frames and deep structure specification of semantic prime ‘do’ in Balinese

The deep structure specification consists of a control verb and a series of case roles which are marked in the Noun Phrase (NP). Study about the deep structure specification for the semantic prime DO is related to the case grammar of which model is determined by the syntactic frames of the semantic prime DO. Therefore, this article tries to describe the syntactic frames and the case roles of the semantic prime DO. Data were collected from four Balinese folklores with observation method and note taking technique. The Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data collected. The results of the analysis showed that the syntactic frames of the semantic prime DO can be described as (1) X does (something) in which the deep structure can be specified into A-O and B/E-O where B is coreferential with E; (2) X does (something) to/for/with someone / something in which the deep structure can be specified into O-A where S=O, A-O-B, B-Os, and A-O; (3) X does (something) in something in which the deep structure can be specified into Os-L, A-O-L, and E-L; and (4) X does (something) to/for/with someone/something in something in which the deep structure can be specified into O-A-L and B/E-L where B is coreferential with E.

Lithuanian temporal adverbials: position in the system of temporal expressions and a review of semantic research

Expression of time is an important field in linguistic research. In Lithuanian linguistics, the study of time has focused first and foremost on tense and aspect systems. Therefore, Lithuanian language has developed a big diversity of means to encode time, e.g. noun cases (vasarą ‘in summer’) and noun phrases (liepos vakarą ‘in July evening’), prepositional phrases (po darbo ‘after work’), adverbs (netrukus ‘soon’), subordinate clauses (kai nustos lyti ‘when it stops raining’). All of them despite their different grammatical status are suggested to be called temporal adverbials. ‘Adverbial’ is a quite new notion in Lithuanian linguistics, it was first presented in the studies of stance adverbials but is also convenient in the field of linguistic expression of time. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of distinguishing a semantic-functional class of temporal adverbials in Lithuanian linguistics and to show their position in the system of means that encode time. The second part of the paper presents a few semantic models of the temporal adverbials made by foreign linguists and the semantic research of Lithuanian temporal means that should be regarded as temporal adverbials.

Lookalike Professional English

Background: Our teaching case reports on a fieldwork assignment designed to have master of arts students experience first-hand how entrepreneurs write for the globalized marketplace by examining public displays of language, such as billboards, shop windows, and posters. Research questions: How do entrepreneurs use English to “style” themselves? What is the status of English in public displays? Which relationship with customers is cultivated by using English (among other languages)? How does English, or lookalike versions thereof, create a more innovative business? Situating the case: We use linguistic landscaping (LL) as a pedagogical resource, drawing on similar cases in a local English as a foreign language (EFL) community in Oaxaca, Mexico; EFL programs in Chiba-shi, Japan; francophone and immersion French programs in Montreal, QC, Canada and Vancouver, BC, Canada; and a study of the entrepreneurial landscape in Observatory's business corridor of Lower Main Road in Cape Town, South Africa. How this case was studied: We interviewed 36 students about their learning process in one-to-one post hoc interviews. Recurrent themes were increased self-monitoring, improved professional communication literacy, and expanded real-world understanding. About the case: The teaching case follows a three-pronged approach. First, we have students decide on a survey area, determine their empirical focus, establish analytical units, decide how to collect data, collect (sociodemographic) information about their survey area, and determine the degree of researcher engagement. Next, students conduct fieldwork, documenting the linguistic landscape in small teams of three to four students. In the third phase, students have returned from the field and discuss their initial findings, ideas, and observations during a data session with the instructors. Students decide whether they still stand by the decisions they made before they entered the field and are then asked to qualify how language is used in public space. Results: The main takeaway of the assignment is that students were more aware of the degree of linguistic innovation, rhetorical creativity, and ethnocultural stereotyping of entrepreneurial communication in their cities. Conclusion: As a pedagogical tool, LL offers possibilities for exploring entrepreneurial communication in all of its breadth and variety, providing access to perhaps the most visible and creative materialities of entrepreneurs and service providers: shop windows and signs.

A brief note on undermerge and case overwriting

Abstract This brief contribution constitutes a critical reference to David Pesetsky’s Russian case morphology and the syntactic categories (2013), a new monograph proposing an entirely new program of research into the grammar of case. After an introduction of the new theory the paper focuses on two areas for a more critical analysis: the derivation of the Genitive of Quantification and overt evidence for case overwriting in Russian (and Polish). In the former case the procedure of undermerge is put under scrutiny and in the latter a crucial morphological formative is argued to be of a derivational rather than inflectional nature.

Dialect Boundaries and Dialect Translation: The Case of Middle Scots and Middle English

AbstractThe late-medieval Scottish–English border had a porous impermeability. Politically, there was in theory a demarcation between Scotland and England that remained relatively fixed from the thirteenth through the sixteenth centuries, though a zone of marches surrounded that demarcation, and border disputes continued throughout the period. On the English–Scottish linguistic border, such porous impermeability took several forms. The extremes would be works written primarily in either Scots or some form of English and arrayed between them is what might be called the interlinguistic marches: works written in a language neither entirely Scots nor entirely English that somehow depends on and elides any easy distinctions between the varieties. These marches, and what they say about the Scots–English linguistic border, are the focus of this paper. The paper begins by looking at several texts whose language challenges any easy pronouncements about Scots–English dialect boundaries. Originally written in one variety, they survive as well in copies wherein the text has been rewritten, in all or in part, in the other variety. These rewritings might be called ‘dialect translations’, though other terms also could apply, each of them reframing not only the rewritings but also the varieties and language dynamics they help create. From these examples the paper turns to the larger issue that is its primary concern: the medieval English linguistic repertoire, including the grammatical integrity and social significance of medieval English regional varieties in general. Language and dialect boundaries certainly do matter, but it is speakers who decide how and when.