Service Carriers Research Articles

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen Khusus Jasa Penumpang Angkutan Darat

Legal Protection is all businesses that bear the existence of legal provisions in providing protection to passengers or consumers who use the services of business operators to protect consumers from things that are not desirable. Public Transport Online is one of the public transportation media that is often used by the general public not only to transport passengers but to bring goods to be delivered to the destination address at a rate previously agreed. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause consumer losses for online transportation transport passengers and their protection in accordance with Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This research was designed using the approach of Empirical Law research. The technique used in collecting data, namely the interview technique, was carried out at PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa. The results of this study indicate that the Online Public Transport Company is fully liable for losses caused by all people employed in public transport activities, besides online public transport companies and service carriers are fully obliged to sort out the compensation experienced by consumers and / or goods that can result disability and / or death, unless caused by an event that cannot be avoided or prevented due to passenger negligence. Through this research it is expected that consumers and service drivers must know each other's role and what their rights and obligations are so that it can reduce the loss for consumers or drivers of public transportation services.

기내공간 이미지에 관한 고객과 상호작용 연결망 연구: 대형항공사와 저비용 항공사의 차이를 중심으로

본 연구는 대형항공사(FSC)와 저비용항공사(LCC) 간의 기내공간 이미지에 관하여 고객지각은 분명한 차이가 존재할 것으로 보고, 항공사에 관한 기내공간 이미지과 고객 간의 상호작용을 의미연결망 분석방법을 통해 노드의 의미와 연결망 구조를 연구하였다. 본 조사를 위해 2019년 1월부터 9월까지 FSC와 LCC를 탑승 경험이 있는 응답자를 대상으로 하였다. 조사 기간은 11월 1일부터 15일간 진행하였다. 설문지는 본 연구에 맞게 FSC와 LCC 각각 110명에 맞추어 배포하였고, 불 성실한 설문지가 발행할 경우, 해당 설문지수 만큼 추가 조사하여 유효한 설문지 200부(FSC와 LCC 각각 100부)를 확보하였다. 조사된 자료는 Netminer 4 프로그램을 사용하여 연결중심성 분석과 고유백터 분석을 통해 시각화하여 의미를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, FSC와 LCC 간의 기내공간 이미지에 관한 고객과 내적 상호작용 연결망 구조는 차이가 있었다. 특히, FSC는

Airline choice model for an international round-trip flight considering outbound and return flight schedules

This paper quantified the impact of outbound and return flight schedule preferences on airline choice for international trips. Several studies have used airline choice data to identify preferences and trade-offs of different air carrier service attributes, such as travel time, fare and flight schedule. However, estimation of the effect return flight schedules have on airline choice for an international round-trip flight has not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, this study introduces attributes related to return flight characteristics and round-trip flight schedule interaction into the airline choice models, which have not previously been reported in the literature. We developed a stated preference survey that includes round-trip fares based on flight schedule combinations and the number of days prior to departure fares was purchased. We applied modelling techniques using a set of stated preference data. A mixed logit model was tested for the presence of heterogeneity in passengers' preferences. Our results indicated that models with attributes related to return flight and its interaction with outbound flight attributes have a superior fit compared with models only based on attributes reported in the literature review. The model found shows that airfare, travel time, arrival preference schedule in the outward journey, departure preference in the return journey and the schedule combination of round-trip flight are significantly affecting passenger choice behaviour in international round-trip flights. Sensitivity analysis of airline service characteristics and their marketing implications are conducted. The analysis reports seven policies with the greatest impact on each airline choice probabilities. It shows that by reducing travel time and airfare and by adopting an afternoon and night schedule preference for outbound and return flight, respectively, the highest probability on airline choice would be reached. This research contributes to the current literature by enhancing the understanding of how passengers choose airlines, considering both outbound and inbound journey characteristics. Thus, this study provides an analytical tool designed to provide a better understanding of international round-trip flight demand determinants and support carrier decisions.

The Impact of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Job Performance and Teamwork as the Success Factors in FedEx: A Study of FedEx’s Employees in Malaysia

In 1971, FedEx was founded as Federal Express Corporation, by Frederick W. Smith. In the world of supply chain services, FedEx is one of the most trusted and respected brands. The main goal of FedEx is to make sure that FedEx is their customers' first choice, by delivering world-class customer experience. FedEx ensures that they deliver world-class customer experience to their customers so that their loyalty towards FedEx will grow and they will not risk trying another carrier service. FedEx takes care of its people first, believing they will then take care of its customers. For this reason, FedEx top leaders commit the “People First” philosophy.

Identifying and prioritizing the essential factors on ticket pricing strategy in a local market based on empirical study: Iranian domestic market

In the airline industry, ticket pricing is one of the most complex problems that researchers and practitioners are extensively involved on it. This research analyzes the effect of airline and passenger factors on ticket pricing in a domestic market that can play substantial role in long-term ticket pricing. Different factors are collected from literature and these factors are examined by screening techniques to find the most important ones. Regression analysis as a linear technique and Levenberg–Marquardt as a nonlinear technique are applied to find the relationship that exists between the most important ones. Research findings confirm that airport dominance can make a significant effect on ticket pricing. Difference between full service carrier (FSC) and low-cost carrier (LCC) ticket price is one of the other important factors and finally presence of flag airline as a price regulator in a route can affect ticket price. Our findings are based on a real case study and can enhance pricing power for commercial airlines in domestic markets.

사회화 자원 이론을 바탕으로 관계기반 사회화 자원 프로세스 모델 검증

The purpose of this study is to introduce socialization resource theory in Korea and to apply it to domestic situation. In this regard, this study focused on the phenomenon of difficulty in relationship adjustment of newcomers, which are the most problematic in domestic organizational socialization. Therefore, the relationship-based socialization resource process model was established to verify the effect of relationship-based socialization resources(organization-provided socialization resource mentoring and individual-provided socialization resource proactivity) on the step-by-step adjustment of newcomers. In addition, if a positive attitude is formed in the organization, it has been verified that they can perform extra-role not required by the organization. Surveys were administered to airport ground staff members of three full service carriers under mentoring for less than two years. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that mentoring provided by the organization and proactivity of the individuals have positive effects in part, or all of the role adjustments at each stage. Next, when a positive attitude was formed in the organization, analysis has shown that they performed an extra role. This study has implication for academics as a cornerstone research that introduces and utilizes socialization resource theory in Korea. Also, it has practical implication because it can be used to solve a problem of initial adjustment in the process of organizational socialization.

A Survey on Various Encryption/ Decryption Techniques Used in Mobile and Cloud Computing

Cloud computing and mobile computing trend are growing swiftly that has a technology connection to Grid computing, software computing, and Distributed computing. Security is the maximum important section of each the above computing technology. In mobile computing security issues is discuss on the short messaging services (SMS), it is a process of sending information be-tween two users. In cloud computing, various service carriers which include Amazon IBM, Google’s Application, and Microsoft Azure provides application in a cloud environment. Security is also important for remote services to securely access applications and data. The primary issue is, how much protection the channel offers while transmitting facts. This paper focuses especially on the distinctive kinds of encryption techniques that are present, and comparative have a look at all the techniques together as a literature survey. Also the comparison between the techniques which are currently used in the existing SMS services and cloud computing.

Have Low-Cost Carriers Crowded Out Full Services and Charter Carriers in Tourism Destinations? A Trivariate Structural Time Series Analysis

Long-haul tourist arrivals depend on the airline market, its size, and the degree of competition. This article studies the entry and exit of full service carriers (FSCs), charter carriers (CCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) from two origins: the United Kingdom and Germany, and five sun-and-beach destinations in Spain. The relationship among all types of airlines is captured with a trivariate structural time series model to disentangle the airlines’ responses under common shocks of airlines’ entry and/or exit and provides estimates of immediate responses and indicators of responses over time. The results show that in the British market, the entry of LCCs has crowded out FSCs and CCs. However, in the German market, the results are heterogeneous and overall do not support the existence of such crowding out effect.

A review on graphene strain sensors based on fiber assemblies

With the development of wearable electronic devices, electronic-textiles have attracted more and more attentions due to its widely applications in human movement monitoring, health and physical indicators monitoring (e.g. heartbeat, pulse, body temperature, limb movements, and vocalization). As a vital part of electronic textiles, graphene strain sensors that based on fiber assemblies (FGS) is of concern to the researchers due to its well integration of graphene with fibers assemblies, which will inevitably promote the rapid development and widespread applications of next-generation wearable electronic devices. Fiber assemblies exhibit outstanding ability of structural retention and fatigue resistance during wearing and washing, which can provide a large-area affiliated carrier and widespread service platform for the design and application of electronic-textiles. And the graphene endows electronic-textiles with good electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, the previous researches on fabrication, sensing mechanism, sensing performance indexes, and application field of FGS are systematically summarized. Furthermore, the potential difficulties and future development prospect of FGS are summarized and discussed. It is expected that this review is not only a summary of what has been achieved, but also provide a guideline for future development.

Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Ancillary Revenue of Full Service Airline (The Case of Garuda Indonesia)

Airlines are facing challenges from high cost structures and intense competition. This has made airlines universally look for opportunities to generate ancillary revenue, additional income apart from their main sources, including Full Service Carriers (FSC). Measuring consumer’s willingness to pay is pivotal in pricing and estimating ancillary revenue demand. This study analyzes whether customer’s type of journey, purpose of journey, length of flight, and type of flight class have an impact on willingness to pay (WTP) of Garuda Indonesia’s ancillary revenues which comprises of unbundled products and commission-based income. This paper uses data from a survey to Garuda Indonesia’s customer and follows quantitative studies to identify and describe the relationship between the WTP of Garuda Indonesia’s ancillary revenue and all variables involved. The study found that passengers value more the unbundled products. It is also found differences in WTP for particular ancillary products and services based on purpose of journey, length of flight, and type of flight class.
 Keywords: Ancillary Revenue, Willingness to Pay, Type of Journey, Length of Flight, Journey Purpose, Type of Cabin Class, Full Service Carriers

The Effects of Empowering Leadership on In-Role and Extra-Role Behav ior focus on the mediating role of Psychological Ownership

본 연구에서는 임파워링 리더십이 조직 구성원의 역할 내 행동과 역할 외 행동에 미치는 영향과, 그 과정에서 조직 구성원들이 인지하는 심리적 주인의식의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 임파워링 리더십과 심리적 주인의식, 그리고 역할행동들에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 연구모형과 가설을 설정하고, 연구모형을 검증하기 위하여 국내외 FSC(Full Service Carrier)항공사 기내승무원 250명을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여, 최종적으로 235부의 유효설문지로 연구모형과 가설을 검증하였다. 실증 분석 결과, 임파워링 리더십이 조직 구성원의 심리적 주인의식과 역할 내 행동과 역할 외 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 심리적 주인의식 또한 역할 내 행동과 역할 외 행동 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것이 확인 되었다. 동시에 임파워링 리더십과 역할 외 행동의 관계에서 심리적 주인의식의 부분적 매개기능의 역할도 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 임파워링 리더십과 역할행동의 관계를 규명하는데 있어 역할 내 행동과 역할 외 행동을 분리하여 그 영향력을 설명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 임파워링 리더십이 심리적 주인의식을 매개로 하여 조직 구성원의 역할 내 행동, 역할 외 행동에 미치는 과정에 대한 이론적 설명 및 실증적 증거를 제시함으로써 시사점을 가진다. 실무적으로는 기내 사무장의 임파워링 리더십과 그에 따른 기내 승무원들의 역할 내 행동과 역할 외 행동, 또 그 사이에서 심리적 주인의식이 미치는 영향에 대해 검증하여 항공사 기내 승무원 조직의 효과적인 운영과 교육훈련의 필요성을 제시하고자 한다.Many modern companies, including airlines, are working hard to respond to rapidly changing management environment and to make sustainable development. The recent aviation industry is also in a highly competitive state, with the introduction of high-tech aircraft, various routes, and aviation alliances. The most important resource of an airline s resources is its human resources, and it is no exaggeration to say that the success of an airline depends on the efficient use of its human resources. Therefore, it is important to motivate important human resources to contribute to the achievement of the airline s goals, Leadership is a key factor in the process of making use of physical elements to perform a given task. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the empowering leadership of the airline crew and the psychological ownership, In-role and Extra-role behavior, to review the basis of the airline flight crew training and to present a better human management strategy for the airline s flight crew organization. To achieve this goal, the hypothesis and research model were established based on existing research on the variables, questionnaires were distributed to flight attendants on Korea s Full Service Carrier (FSC) and foreign FSC airline international routes, and the questionnaires were distributed to the subjects and the 235 valid questionnaires were finally collected from the distributed questionnaires. The collected questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 statistical package. The basic characteristics of the samples were identified through frequency analysis, the factors analysis was performed to verify the validity of the questions in the survey, and the reliability analysis was performed to verify the reliability. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between variables, and finally multiple regression was performed to confirm the hypothesis. The findings from this study are summarized as follows. First, it has been revealed that the empowering leadership has an positive effect on psychological ownership. Second, Empowering leadership has a positive effect on both In -role and Extra-role behaviors. Third, it has been established that psychological ownership has a positive effect on both In-role and Extra-role behaviors. Following these findings, academic and practical implications were presented, and limitations on the findings and further research tasks were discussed.

A data-driven approach for estimating airport efficiency under endogeneity: An application to New Zealand airports

Airport efficiency is commonly estimated via data envelopment analysis (DEA). This data-driven non-parametric approach is more flexible than the parametric approach, because it does not require an a priori function for the frontier or a very big sample size. However, DEA loses its discriminatory power when the number of observed airports is small compared with the number of airport inputs and outputs examined, particularly when examining airports within a country. In addition, the endogeneity problem may exist if one attempts to examine the determinants of airport efficiency. This study used the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) DEA-Window Analysis model to address the small sample issue during the first-stage analysis and used an instrumental variable (IV) in the Tobit model to solve the endogeneity issue during the second-stage analysis. Data from a sample of 11 New Zealand airports between 2006 and 2017 were used for analysis. The key findings showed the positive impact of tourism, regional economic development, an airport's domestic networks, airport privatisation, low-cost carrier services and the Christchurch earthquakes on New Zealand airports' performance and efficiency, whereas an airport's international networks has a negative impact. The literature contribution and policy implications are also discussed.

Щодо особливостей договору чартеру (фрахтування) за цивільним законодавством України

У запропонованій статті визначається, що розвиток бізнесу, розширення міжнародних відносин вимагають від учасників мобільності й оперативності пересування, що не завжди забезпечується регулярним повітряним сполученням. Все це зумовило розвиток сегменту чартерних перевезень.
 Договором фрахтування судна називають як договір перевезення вантажів, пасажирів, багажу, якщо він укладений з умовою надання для перевезення всього судна або окремих суднових приміщень, так і договір оренди судна з екіпажем або без нього. І в тому, і в іншому випадку сторони можуть називатися однаково -«фрахтувальник (судновласник)» і «фрахтувальник», предмет договору - переміщення певних обумовлених об'єктів (вантажів, пасажирів, багажу) може бути один і той самий.
 Акцентується увага на тому, що договір фрахтування (чартер) є двостороннім і оплатним, зміст якого полягає у праві фрахтувальника зарезервувати все обумовлене договором судно, інший транспортний засіб (частину його місткості) для перевезення за плату протягом одного або декількох рейсів, передбачених цим договором вантажів, пасажирів і багажу, а фрахтувальника - отримати за наданий транспортний засіб (частину його місткості) встановлену угодою сторін плату (іменовану в морському праві фрахтом).
 Пропонується виділяти такі ознаки лінійного судноплавства: 1) регулярність повідомлення і наявність розкладу судів; 2) перевезення дорогих генеральних вантажів; 3) завантаження судна вантажами багатьох вантажовідправників; 4) оплата перевезення за лінійними тарифами; 5) здійснення вантажно-розвантажувальних операцій перевізником; 6) публічний характер послуг перевізника.
 Водночас українське право застосовує поняття «договір фрахтування» виключно до перевезення вантажів, пасажирів, багажу. Всі інші форми експлуатації суден є договором оренди судна як транспортного засобу.
 Чартер зазвичай розрахований на перевезення великих партій масових вантажів, тому її умовою виступає надання всього судна, його частини або певних суднових приміщень.
 Звертається увага на те, що, хоча відносини фрахтування (чартеру) в морському праві детально регламентовані на законодавчому рівні, чинне законодавство України в цій сфері не є досконалим.

Health Monitoring Using Cloud based Internet of Things

The proposed structures for far flung properly being looking offer three diploma engineering. A far flung body place network (WBAN), incorporates of wearable sensor because the facts acquision unit, correspondence and organizing, and the management layer. The framework is supposed for lengthy haul stockpiling of patient's biomedical data too helping health specialists with symptomatic data. The wearable sensors that degree the physiological parameters, as an example, circulatory strain, inner warmth degree are related to the system thru concentrators (PDA). The sensor statistics is transmitted to a passage server thru Bluetooth affiliation. The passage server transforms the records right into a notion and the executives file and stores it on a much flung server for later recovery by using clinicians through the internet. Cloud getting ready has 3 unmistakable elements: stockpiling, examination, and representation. The information of the sufferers is located away in cloud for long haul. Investigation makes use of the sensor statistics alongside e-health information and assists with finding and visualizations of infections. Notion makes the records and dissect open to the doctors in a proper away absorbable enterprise. No matter the reality that there are numerous benefits of allotted computing. Anyhow, it has safety strings of essential non-public information. Customers of cloud innovation can not rely upon the cloud management sup-forceps for the safety of the important thriller information. On this way, a third-birthday party Authenticator is needed which confirms the cloud records from the side of clients or holders of the data. Safety of sensitive information is of faulty nature due to the nearness of various substances. Cloud service carriers alongside facts users are further on top of things for putting the safety of the critical thriller data in threat.

A Game-theoretic analysis on the economic viability of mobile content pre-staging

The rapid growth of demand for data in wireless communications has driven the mobile service carriers and the research community to seek both effective technical and alternative solutions to the data demand problem. One particular solution, content pre-staging, tries to push content as close to the mobile device as possible in order to lower demand at peak times. Assuming the interesting case that mobile device storage could be made available as part of the mobile carrier’s system capacity either directly by the end user or indirectly by the carrier, this paper investigates the potential economic impacts on the mobile service business and various stakeholders of content pre-staging. We explore the economic implications of content pre-staging by modeling the interplay among the mobile carrier, end users, and the content provider in a game theoretic framework. The carrier designs pricing mechanisms to affect the behaviors of the content provider and end users for the purpose of profit maximization. In particular, two prices are introduced, the price charged to the content provider to pre-stage content on mobile device storage, and the monetary reward to compensate users for the usage of their mobile device storage. Although the individual incentive of the carrier is not necessarily aligned with social incentives, the welfare analysis of content pre-staging shows that the practice improves social welfare by increasing network efficiency. Localizing content increases the overall profitability of mobile service business which is positively related to the relevance of the pre-staged content. The carrier’s pricing mechanisms determine the manner in which the increased profitability of the business is shared by various interested parties. While the carrier may design prices strategically to retain a larger share of the increased profitability, content pre-staging can benefit all the three parties in the game, i.e., the carrier gains in saved capacity and new revenue, users gain QoE, content, and financial rewards for sharing mobile device storage, and the content provider gains in increased revenue from increased content access.

Comparisons of Airline Service Quality Using Social Network Analysis

This study investigates passenger-authored online reviews of airline services using social network analysis to compare the differences in customer perceptions between full service carriers (FSCs) and low cost carriers (LCCs). While deriving words with high frequency and weight matrix based on the text analysis for FSCs and LCCs respectively, we analyze the semantic network (betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality, degree centrality) to compare the degree of connection between words in online reviews of each airline types using the social network analysis. Then we compare the words with high frequency and the connection degree to gauge their influences in the network. Moreover, we group eight clusters for FSCs and LCCs using the convergence of iterated correlations (CONCOR) analysis. Using the resultant clusters, we match the clusters to dimensions of two types of service quality models (Gronroos, Brady & Cronin (B&C)) to compare the airline service quality and determine which model fits better. From the semantic network analysis, FSCs are mainly related to inflight service words and LCCs are primarily related to the ground service words. The CONCOR analysis reveals that FSCs are mainly related to the dimension of outcome quality in Gronroos model, but evenly distributed to the dimensions in B&C model. On the other hand, LCCs are primarily related to the dimensions of process quality in both Gronroos and B&C models. From the CONCOR analysis, we also observe that B&C model fits better than Gronroos model for the airline service because the former model can capture passenger perceptions more specifically than the latter model can.

Market Share Forecast Reflecting Competitive Situations in the Telecommunication Service Industry

Most demand forecasting studies for telecommunication services have focused on estimating market size at the introductory stage of new products or services, or on suggesting improvement methods of forecasting models. Although such studies forecast business growth and market sizes through demand forecasting for new technologies and overall demands in markets, they have not suggested more specific information like relative market share, customers’ preferences on technologies or service, and potential sales power. This study focuses on the telecommunication service industry and explores ways to calculate the relative market shares between competitors, considering competitive situations at the introductory stage of a new mobile telecommunication service provider. To reflect the competitive characteristics of the telecommunication markets, suggested is an extended conjoint analysis using service coverage and service switching rates as modification variables. This study is considered to be able to provide strategic implications to businesses offering existing service and ones planning to launch new services. The result of analysis shows that the new service provider has the greatest market share at the competitive situation where the new service covers the whole country, offers about 50% of existing service price, and allows all cellphones except a few while the existing service carrier maintains its price and service and has no response to the new service introduction. This means that the market share of the new service provider soars when it is highly competitive with fast network speed and low price.

대형 국적 항공사 객실승무원의 저비용항공사로의 이직 요인 고찰에 관한 연구

대형 국적 항공사 객실승무원의 저비용항공사로의 이직 요인 고찰에 관한 연구

국내 대형항공사(FSC)와 저비용항공사(LCC)의 선택 속성에 관한 연구

국내 대형항공사(FSC)와 저비용항공사(LCC)의 선택 속성에 관한 연구

Pricing Strategies by European Traditional and Low Cost Airlines: Or, When is it the Best Time to Book on Line?

It is often assumed that the airlines’ fares increase monotonically over time, peaking a few days before the departure. Using fares for about 650 thousand flights operated by both Low-Cost and Full Service Carriers, we show several instances in which the monotonic property does not hold. We also show that the volatility of fares increase in the last four weeks before departure, which is the period when the airlines can formulate a better prediction for a flight’s load factor. Finally, especially within the last two weeks, Full Service Carriers may offer lower fares than those posted by Low Cost Carriers.