Service Carriers Research Articles

PAZARLAMADA ÜNLÜ KULLANIM STRATEJİSİ: TÜRK HAVA YOLLARI ÖRNEĞİ

ABSTRACT: In today’s highly competitive market, celebrity endorsement is a widely used marketing technique in marketing communications; a credible strategy endorsed by brands not only used to attract and engage target customers in local markets but also used to reach out the global communities in the overseas markets. Research findings show that celebrity endorsement, when used effectively, increases purchase intention and sales; enabling brand familiarity and awareness among consumers. This paper aims to explain the cultural foundations of the celebrity endorsement in the context of meaning transfer model; concurrently examining the Turkish Airlines (THY) celebrity endorsement strategy; a full service carrier operating in Turkey. THY proved itself as a successful brand in Turkey in the use of global celebrities in integrated marketing communications while reaching up to the global customer base; in summary ended up with positive outcomes.

Potential of harnessing operational flexibility from public transport hubs to improve reliability and economic performance of urban multi-energy systems: A holistic assessment framework

Growing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and emerging electrified loads (EEL) are bringing about increased difficulties for the power balancing and efficient operation of energy system, due to the impact of remarkable volatilities introduced. Public transport hub (PTH), as a new-style infrastructure of traffic service carriers, is regarded to offer a cogent solution to this problem, in terms of their potential operational flexibilities permitted by energy regulation, vehicular dispatch, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs. As such, this paper carries out a comprehensive study to investigate the implication of harnessing PTH-enabled flexibility in a context of urban multi-energy system (UMES). The proposed methodology is established on a holistic reliability/economic analysis framework which is designed to indicate how UMES’s performances would vary with different utilization of PTH resources. In order to portray the real-time controllability of PTH during operation, a PTH model that takes into account the impacts of both energy- and service-related aspects has been developed, with particular focus on the interdependencies between the energy and transportation sector. The operational simulation of UMES in presence of PTHs is implemented by using a multi-modal-based optimization model, which captures the effects of PTH flexibility under both normal and contingency scenarios integratedly. By embedding the above formulation into a sequential Monte Carlo simulation-based assessment framework, the contribution of PTH to the reliability and economy of UMES can be determined. Numerical studies are conducted based on an illustrative electricity-gas-heat test case and the real PTH datasets in Beijing. The simulation results confirm the significance of PTH-enabled flexibility in improving the performances of UMES. Also, it is demonstrated that the reserving strategy adopted, the composition of vehicle model, and the travel demand profile of passengers are the noteworthy factors that influence the profitability of PTH exploitation.

Examining the impact of cargo and ancillary revenues on net profit for full service carrier airlines

In this study, the relationships between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profitability of airline companies were examined in the examples of three full-service airline companies (Turkish Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines). Methodologically, a logarithmic econometric model was used in which cargo revenues and ancillary revenues were included as independent variables and net profit as the dependent variables. The data used for the period 2014Q1-2019Q4 were collected from the annual reports on the official websites of related airline companies and The International Air Transport Association (IATA). EViews 10 and STATA-15 versions, which are the most modern econometric analysis programs that can be used to control the stationarity, were used in the analysis of the data. In addition to econometric analyzes and general statistics, Cross Section dependency tests, CADF second-generation unit root tests, Delta slope homogeneity tests, Panel cointegration analysis, Westerlund Panel cointegration tests and Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality tests and Breusch Pagan LM Tests were also performed. The study revealed that there is cointegration between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profit, and there is a one-way causality relationship from both cargo revenues to net profit and from ancillary revenues to net profit. The study also indicated a positive correlation between cargo revenues and ancillary revenues and net profit. In other words, cargo revenues and ancillary revenues have a positive effect on the net profit of airline companies. In addition, the study found that aviation ancillary revenues provide an important resource for airline companies; furthermore, two US companies are among the top three companies with the highest revenues in the world in terms of cargo and ancillary revenues; also showed that Turkish Airlines' ancillary revenues are lower than those of these two US companies. On the other hand, the study showed that the contribution of Turkish Airlines cargo revenues to net profit is much higher than the other two companies.

Recommendations for practices using gestational carriers: a committee opinion

This document provides the latest recommendations for the screening, evaluation, and psychoeducational and legal counseling of gestational carriers and intended parents. It incorporates recent information from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Food and Drug Administration, and American Association of Tissue Banks, with which all programs offering gestational carrier services must be thoroughly familiar. This document replaces the previous document of the same name, last published in 2017 (Fertil Steril 2017;107:e4-10).

Efficiency in Thailand’s air transport industry in the era of air liberalisation policies

Air liberalisation and open skies policies have benefited countries by generating economic growth. However, as the sky has become overcrowded, the increasing competition has pressured airlines to control costs in order to maintain profitability. Efficient use of resources is an important topic for the airlines. Thailand’s air transport industry is unique compared with that in its neighbouring countries. The number of low cost airlines operating in the country has made Thailand a major aviation hub in the region. The developments and changes in Thailand’s air transport industry have raised questions as to whether these have brought any significant changes to airline productivity and efficiency. This study adopted the data envelopment analysis model to examine the efficiency of five airlines in Thailand for the nine years from 2011 to 2019. The airlines, of various fleet sizes, pattern of ownership and business models were examined. The study investigated both the technical and scale efficiency of the airlines and concluded that budget airlines are not necessarily more efficient than full service carriers, private airlines are more efficient than state-owned airlines, and small to medium size airlines are more efficient than large airlines.

Investigating the impact of adding new airline routes on air transportation resilience in China

When building new airports various strategies for initiating new air routes prominently affect the overall system performance. From a perspective of disruption management, however, very little is known regarding the impacts of different strategies exerted to the resilience of airline networks in a multi-layer system configuration. In this paper, we established a multi-layer China airline network (CAN) using route data from 46 airlines in mainland China and proposed four optimization strategies for adding new routes based on service-oriented perspectives. The geographical traits of the multi-layer CAN was first explored and, taking the Daxing International Airport (a new-built airport in Beijing, China) as a demonstrative example, we then conducted both qualitative and quantitative analyses to investigate the impact of the proposed strategies and their effectiveness of improving network resilience. It is revealed that those strategies have heterogeneous effects on the network performance in terms of meeting passenger demands and balancing overall connectivity at a national strategic level, and the overall resilience of the CAN could be significantly improved under the selected strategy by 59.8% on average. Based on the findings, several managerial and policy implications are put forward and discussed. This paper sheds new lights on resilience-building strategies for service carriers and airport managers and is also of value to regional governments for offering incentives for expanding connections to new destinations.

Modelling state preferences among airline travellers in Namibia: a case study at Eros airport and Hosea Kutako international airport

Stated preference experiments are become an increasingly popular survey methodology for investigating air traveler's choices. Analysis of this behaviour, which is an element of the demand prediction, helps for a better future planning and development of competing airlines. In this paper, emphasis is stressed on the stated preferences of passengers in choosing between low cost carriers (LCC) and full service carriers (FSC). A binary logit, probit and latent class models were employed on the primary data collected from departing air passengers at Eros and Hosea Kotako International airport in Windhoek, Namibia, to model passengers' stated preferences and examine the determinants of carrier choice between LCC and FSC in Namibia. Major findings show that airfare, age, income, and purpose of travel are significantly important with respect to passenger choice. Furthermore, it was observed that passengers have different preferences for different destination region be it domestic, regional and international. For domestic and regional flights (short haul) they prefer LCC, while for international flights (long haul) they opted for FSC. In addition, majority of the passengers were travelling for business purposes, hence their tickets were bought by their respective employers. Most passengers indicated that they were willing to fly LCC if it was available in Namibia because of it's low fares. There was an indication that air tickets were not affordable and these are a big concern to passengers. Presumably, if ticket prices can come down or introduce a LCC in Namibia then many consider flying. This study concluded that, based on the interviewed passengers' profiles, the best and appropriate carrier in Namibia is a low-cost carrier. Introducing a LCC in Namibia might be a viable alternative which may ensure sustainability.

Effect of photo album service on the construction of network image resources in the wireless network environment

BackgroundWith the rapid development of information technology and the further popularization of the Internet, various industries in the whole society rely more and more on information. The network album system is one of the products in the information age. PurposeThis paper analyzes and studies the role of album service in image resource construction based on wireless network environment, and aims to reveal the optimization of image resource construction in this process through the research on image storage, acquisition, browsing and sharing of “small direction” network album. MethodThis research mainly focuses on two aspects: the analysis and acquisition of data, the service carrier of network album - photo and image resource structure. Firstly, define the construction standard of the network album system, and analyze the specific performance requirements and non functional requirements of the network album system. In terms of system architecture, multi server architecture is adopted to realize basic load balancing and improve system performance. The comparison before and after system application is carried out in combination with image spatial resolution, image spectrum and image characteristics, so as to highlight the role of album service in wireless network environment. ResultsThe experimental results show that the highest value of the detection spectrum can reach 0.912. In the process of image browsing, the image spatial resolution has been greatly improved under the construction of wireless network environment. Among the 20 images in the experiment, the highest is 7.89.

Rethinking the M&A Issues for Full Service Carrier in Korea: Focusing on the Implications of Post Merger Integration

국내 대형항공사인 대한항공과 아시아나 항공의 인수합병(M&A)이 이루어지는 시점에서 제기되는 다양한 논제와 쟁점들, 그리고 인수합병 후 통합(PMI) 과정에서 제기되는 사안들에 대해 면밀히 살펴보고 재고찰 후 시사점을 제시하는데 있다. 재고찰을 통해 도출된 결과를 토대로 시사점과 제안점을 제시함으로써 항공서비스 산업에 도움이 되는 문헌 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 연구 목적과 관련된 국내외 사례 및 문헌을 탐색하는 연구 방법을 사용하였다. 인수합병(M&A)의 개념과 국내외 항공사 인수합병의 사례, 그리고 제기되는 다양한 논제와 쟁점들을 분류화 하였고, 인수합병 후 통합(PMI) 과정과 관련된 문헌들을 고찰하고 검토하여 항공사 인수합병 과정에 필요한 시사점을 도출하였다. 결과: 국내외 항공사 간의 인수합병(M&A) 사례에 대한 문헌연구 재고찰 결과, 항공사간 인수합병은 새로운 사업에 대한 기대감과 함께 긍정적인 시너지 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 항공기업은 비용감소, 시장점유율과 매출증대, 우수한 인재확보 및 보유, 기업의 이미지 제고, 경쟁 우위 선점 가능성 기회 확대 등의 긍정적 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 고객은 향상된 고객서비스를 제공받을 수 있다. 반면 항공사 종사원들은 인수합병으로 인한 조직 축소 및 고용 불안 등의 부정정 시각도 존재했다. 항공사 인수합병 후 통합(PMI)과정에서는 공정하고 투명한 통합과정 제시, 기업의 명확한 미션과 비전 제시, 유연한 조직문화 제공 및 직무 안정성, 원활한 의사소통 체계 마련 등이 종사원 측면에서 중요한 사항으로 거론되었고, 고객관리 측면에서는 고객의 항공마일리지 제도에 대한 사안들이 가장 문제시되었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 통해 대한항공과 아시아나 항공의 인수합병(M&A)과 인수합병 후 통합(PMI)과 관련하여 활용가능한 전략적 시사점을 제시하였다. 특히 인수합병 후 통합(PMI) 과정에서 고객관리 측면에서의 항공 마일리지제도 운영 및 활용에 관한 제안은 고객 및 기업의 관점에서 균형 있는 의사결정과 상황에 맞는 계획을 수립하고, 활용되기를 기대해 본다.

THE IMPACT OF LONG HAUL, LOW COST FLIGHTS: LINKING THAILAND TO JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA

Purpose - Since the success of low-cost airlines in Thailand in 2014, the low-cost airline industry has expanded the market for long-haul flights. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of long-haul low-cost carriers (LHLCs) on tourism demand and aircraft movements between Thailand and two East Asian countries. Design/Methodology - The study includes the total number of air travellers (AIR) as the dependent variable and the explanatory variables are the total number of full service carrier (FSC) aircraft movements, long-haul low cost airline (LHLC) aircraft movements, inbound travellers from Japan and South Korea (ITOR), and outbound travellers from Thailand to Japan and South Korea (OTOR). Approach - To examine the long-run relationship between the variables, this study employed the pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag model using 96 monthly data between 2012 to 2019 (8 years) of air traffic and tourism data between Thailand and Japan, and Thailand and South Korea. Findings - The results of the study conclude that LHLC airlines have been motivating demand for travel between Thailand, Japan and South Korea. LHLC airlines have attracted travellers from Japan and South Korea to Thailand and also serviced Thai travellers travelling to Japan and South Korea. The LHLC airlines have given travellers more options to choose from. The reduced airfares have made travel more affordable, which has motivated travel intentions. However, questions relating to the sustainability of the LHLC airlines’ operations remain as the services have lower cost efficiency and rate of aircraft utilisation compared to the short haul business. Originality of the research - LHLC airlines are relatively new operations in the Asia-Pacific market. This study contributes to the knowledge of these airlines in the aviation industry by identifying whether they increase tourism demand in a country.

Remaining Human: How the Airline Deregulation Act Shields Commercial Air Carriers From Legal Liability for Mishandling Human Remains

The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 (ADA) deregulated the domestic airline industry. Specifically, the ADA ended the dual administrative system, which allowed the states to regulate intrastate airfare and permitted the federal government’s Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) to regulate interstate airfare. The Act also included a broad preemption clause to prevent the states from reimposing economic regulations on air travel. The preemption clause prohibits a “State . . . [from] enact[ing] or enforc[ing] any law, rule, regulation, standard, or other provision having the force and effect of law relating to rates, routes, or services of any air carrier.” The Supreme Court has interpreted the scope of the ADA’s preemption clause expansively and concluded that only state law claims with a “tenuous, remote, or peripheral” relationship to an airline’s services survive preemption. Yet, the Supreme Court has never defined the key word: Service. Today, federal circuit courts disagree on the definition of “service,” and a majority have adopted the Fifth Circuit’s definition articulated in Hodges v. Delta Airlines, Inc. Applying the Supreme Court’s expansive view of the ADA’s preemption clause, the Fifth Circuit defined the term “service” as all bargained-for air carrier services, including “ticketing, boarding procedures, provision of food and drink, and baggage handling, in addition to the transportation itself.” The Fifth Circuit’s definition preempts almost all conceivable state law claims despite the Supreme Court excepting claims with a “tenuous, remote, or peripheral” relationship to an airline’s services from preemption. Consequently, the aviation industry largely evades state law. This Comment argues that courts should interpret the ADA’s preemption clause more narrowly to allow more state law claims to survive preemption, particularly claims arising from an airline’s mishandling, delaying, or misplacing of a loved one’s remains. As the COVID-19 pandemic claims lives and frustrates air travel, a perfect storm threatens to mishandle, delay, or misplace a loved one’s remains. Grieving mothers, fathers, husbands, and wives are left without a legal remedy because the ADA shields the airline industry from liability concerning “baggage handling” and the “transportation itself.” Courts should interpret the ADA’s preemption clause more narrowly based on the ADA’s clear purpose, the plain meaning of the ADA’s text, stare decisis, and the law’s treatment of other entities that mishandle human remains.

THE DEFENSE OF PRICE DISCRIMINATION IN NETWORK AND INFORMATION GOODS MARKETS

It is not uncommon that articles focused on consumer-price interaction in the network and information goods market swiftly condemn price discrimination as an obfuscation, on-purpose price complexity, or market failure. The reason is a general neoclassical rule of an efficient market where prices are set at marginal cost with no price discrimination. However, the matter is more complicated. This review provides authors an overview of why, where, and which type of price discrimination should be viewed by different optics. Goods such as software, cell carrier services, electronic newspapers subscription, electric energy supply, payment accounts, books, copyrighted content streaming, etc, cannot be treated like manufactured goods. The reasons are specific conditions – substantial and/or repeated fixed/sunk cost, economies of scale, and demand heterogeneity. Recognized economist W. J. Baumol described marginal cost set prices under these conditions as an ‘economic suicide’. Reviewed articles showed that firms are forced to adopt price discrimination in order to recover their costs and to serve more consumer segments. Reviewed authors provided facts to support the use of multipart tariffs, dynamic pricing, versioning, bundling, and Ramsey pricing. These conclusions are used for suggestions on how several studies of information and network goods should be modified. Modifications are related mostly to model assumptions and pricing conclusions. I argue that, in the case of information and network goods, there is justified price discrimination. Hence, there is a certain justified level of price complexity that has to be accepted and not taken as automated evidence of inefficiency, market power, and consumer exploitation.

객실승무원의 직무환경이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 국내 대형항공사 중심으로

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the effect of job environment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment for airline cabin crew of full service carrier. Research Design, data, and methodology -For the purpose of study, 177 survey questionnaires were distributed among the airline cabin crews who are working for Korean airline & Asian airline from 4st Jul, 2021 to 19th Aug, 2021. Due to the reliability of data, 1 samples were discarded and 176 samples were put to actual analysis. For the purpose of the study, SPSS Ver. 26.0 statistics package are used for conduct and analyses. Result -This study''s results are as follows. First, job environment which are consist of human environment, physical environment, compensation environment had significantly positive effect on job satisfaction. Secondly, job satisfaction had significant effects on organizational commitment. Thirdly, job environment positively affected on organizational commitment. Conclusions - Full service carrier airlines need continuous attention and company-wide management supervision so that their members(airline cabin crew) can actively and actively respond to changes by motivating them through improvement of the job environment and presenting a steady vision for the company''s policies.

Interval type-2 hesitant fuzzy Entropy-based WASPAS approach for aircraft type selection

Choosing the most appropriate aircraft type for a given route is one of the crucial issues that the decision makers at airline companies have to address under uncertainty based on various commercial, marketing and operational criteria. A novel multi-criteria decision making approach integrating Entropy-based Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method and interval type-2 hesitant fuzzy sets (IT2HFS) is introduced for tackling this problem and tested using a particular case study obtained from a full service carrier in Turkey. This study contributes to representing and handling degrees of uncertainty in the decision making process of aircraft type selection based on the IT2HFS. The results showed that Airbus 32C is the suitable alternative for a given route in between Kuwait and Istanbul airports. The experts evaluated the results and confirmed that the proposed approach is the most suitable one when compared to four other IT2HFS based approaches.

Full service carrier(FSC)와 low cost carrier(LCC)의 사회적 책임활동에 따른 탑승객 반응 분석

이 연구는 항공사가 수행하는 사회적 책임이 승객들의 항공사 브랜드 사랑에 미치는 효과와 그로 인해 자발적 희생에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 또한, 이러한 인과관계에서, 항공사의 형태[풀서비스 항공사(full service carrier: FSC) vs. 저가 항공사(low cost carrier: LCC)에 따라 고객 반응에 미치는 효과가 다르게 나타나는지 고찰하였다. 기존에 수행된 관련 연구들을 고찰하여 본 연구의 모형을 성정했으며, 연구모형에 포함된 총 4개의 가설을 검정하기 위해 설문조사를 수행하였다. 설문조사 대상자는 조사시점에서 최근 1년 이내에 항공기를 이용한 경험이 있는 여행객이며, 수집된 자료는 통계패키지인 SPSS 23.0과 smart-PLS 3.0을 이용하여 분석되었다. 먼저, 항공사의 사회적 책임을 구성하는 요인을 도출하기 위한 탐색적 요인분석결과 세 가지 하위요소가 도출되었고, 각 요인은 환경적 책임, 자선적 책임, 그리고 경제적 책임으로 명명하였다. 또한, 구조방정식 모형분석을 수행하여 항공사의 사회적 책임 세가지 요소들, 환경적 책임, 자선적 책임 및 경제적 책임은 브랜드 사랑에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 브랜드 사랑은 탑승객의 자발적 희생을 증가시키는 역할을 하고 있음을 밝혔다. 하지만, FSC와 LCC 탑승객들은 자선적 책임이 브랜드 사랑에 미치는 효과에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 나머지 인과관계에서는 두 집단 간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 결과들은 항공운송산업분야의 학문적 발전을 위한 공헌과 함께 실무에서 유용한 전략들을 수립할 수 있도록 시사점을 제시하였다.

Comprehensive rehabilitation program after knee arthroplasty of GMRS as a result of treatment of a chondrosarcoma of distal part of femur with pathological fracture of the lateral femoral condyle.

Abstract 
 Introduction: Malignant neoplasms of bones and articular cartilage resulting from the operation of the mesenchymal sales cell valuation bank. Cells can differentiate in many countries. in. chondrocytes, osteoblasts or adipocytes The bone cancer that occurs is osteosarcoma. In second place is chondrosarcoma (chondrosarcoma).
 Materials and methods: The work was written based on the development of a patient who had the further development of the femur part of the former cartilage sarcoma radio station. The entire treatment procedure at the Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, located at Unii Lubelskiej 1 street in Szczecin.
 Results: At the main point of treatment of the hospital clinic, the patient, the patient who returns as good working point, points to restore lost functions, as well as self-service learning.
 Conclusion: Rehabilitation is an indispensable carrier of services for cancer patients. Introducing modern techniques such as therapy and osteopathy to rehabilitation, ensuring the economy of therapy.

The PSC scientific community resource: an asset for multi-omics interrogation of primary sclerosing cholangitis

BackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease that often progresses to end-stage liver disease and/or the development of hepatobiliary neoplasia. Lack of prognostic tools and treatment options for PSC is driven in part by our poor understanding of its pathogenesis, which is thought to be complex, the interaction of genetic variants, environmental influences and biological response throughout the course of disease. The PSC Scientific Community Resource (PSC-SCR) seeks to overcome previous shortcomings by facilitating novel research in PSC with the ultimate goals of individualizing patient care and improving patient outcomes.MethodsPSC patients who receive their health care at Mayo Clinic or a collaborating site are identified by chart review and invited in person or by mail to participate. Non-Mayo patients are offered enrollment if they provide sufficient access to their medical records to evaluate inclusion/exclusion criteria. Controls without liver disease are identified with assistance of the Mayo Clinic Biobank. Participant consent is obtained at the beginning of the recruitment process by mail-in, electronic or face-to-face protocols. Clinical data is extracted from the medical record by qualified physicians and entered in a custom designed database. Participants fill out a custom-designed, comprehensive questionnaire, which collects scientifically relevant demographic and clinical information. Biospecimens are collected using mail-in kits thar are returned via overnight carrier service and processed by the biospecimen accessioning and processing facility at Mayo Clinic, which coordinates sample transfers and provides required sample preparation services. The resource is currently being utilized to perform omics-scale projects investigating the exposome, metabolome, methylome, immunome and microbiome in PSC. Datasets and residual biospecimens will be shared with researchers proposing scientifically sound PSC-focused research with approval of the appropriate review boards.DiscussionPatient-based studies leveraging the latest technologies for targeted and wide-scale interrogation of multiple omics layers offer promise to accelerate PSC research through discovery of unappreciated aspects of disease pathogenesis. However, the rarity of PSC severely limits such studies. Here we describe our effort to overcome this limitation, the PSC-SCR, a repository of patient biospecimens coupled with clinical and omics data for use by the broader PSC research community.

항공사 외부환경 변화에 따른 객실승무원의 고용불안정성과 조직몰입, 이직의도 간 구조적 관계

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to understand the structural relationship of cabin crew''s Job Insecurity, organizational commitment, turnover intention due to changes in the Airline’s External Environment. Design, data, and methodology -This study was conducted on airline cabin crew working for domestic FSC(Full Service Carrier) airlines. And a total of 300 respondents were used for the final analysis. The data from the survey were analyses using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistics package. Frequency analysis was performed to examine the general characteristics of sample, Structural equation model was implemented for confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach''s alpha calculation, correlation analysis, and mediating effect test. Result - As a result of study first, Hypothesis 1 of “the job insecurity according to the airline''s environment will have a significant effect on organization commitment” was adopted. second. Hypothesis 2 for “cabin crew''s organization commitment will have a significant effect on turnover intention” was adopted. As a result of study third, Hypothesis 3 of “the job insecurity according to the airline''s environment will have a significant effect on turnover intention” was adopted. Conclusions - The implication of this study is to derive the roles and tasks of airlines that can minimize the employment instability of airline cabin crew.

Airline choice model for international round-trip flights: The role of travelers’ satisfaction and personality traits

Air travelers' satisfaction with current airline options may have different effects on their decisions. We analyzed air passengers' demands for international round-trip flights using an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model. Most research on airline choice has only included observable factors. To fill this gap, this study hypothesized that the airline choice process depends not only on a set of measurable factors but also on passenger satisfaction which, in turn, is influenced by travelers' personality traits. Structural equation modeling was used to construct the passengers' satisfaction to relate passengers' personality traits, airline characteristics, and passenger flight experiences with travelers' perceptions of air carrier services. The satisfaction was incorporated into the discrete choice (DC) model, which was used to evaluate travelers' airline choices for an international round-trip flight. Results indicated that passenger satisfaction with each airline service was associated with airlines’ utilities. Therefore, by incorporating traveler satisfaction into a DC model, air passenger choice behavior can be modeled more precisely. The average probability of correct predictions in the validation sample reflected the superior fit of the ICLV model. These findings highlighted the complex ways in which perceptions can influence airline choice and provided insight for targeted policy interventions.

Impact of COVID-19 on different business models of European airlines

ABSTRACT In addition to social damage, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic also caused huge economic losses in the beginning of 2020, especially for companies in the tourism sector. The airline market was no exception. This study examines the significance of the business model of European listed airlines – low cost carriers (LCCs), full service carriers (FSCs) – for stock market performance. We use event study on the 11 airlines included in the sample. In terms of cumulative average abnormal returns, i.e. the most significant deviations from expected returns, negative phases can be detected in the entire and third stage of the pandemic. FSCs performed significantly better than LCCs at the time of the pandemic on 24 February, when European stock markets suffered the most damage; the business model overwrote financial indicators during the toughest period of the crisis. Although most LCCs had higher cash/assets ratios, they still produced worse results than the average performance of companies with lower cash/assets ratios. This analysis helps to ensure that, in addition to examining financial indicators, the enumeration of the business model in this industry can also be decisive. The future possibilities of the research are discussed at the end of the study.