Carotid Intima-media Thickness In Patients Research Articles

Zależność między niealkoholowym stłuszczeniem wątroby a grubością błony środkowej i wewnętrznej tętnicy szyjnej u pacjentów z dyslipidemią

Zależność między niealkoholowym stłuszczeniem wątroby a grubością błony środkowej i wewnętrznej tętnicy szyjnej u pacjentów z dyslipidemią

Association between Number of Teeth, Severe Periodontitis and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Dyslipidemia

Association between Number of Teeth, Severe Periodontitis and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Dyslipidemia

The study of carotid intima-media thickness in prediabetes and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors

Background: Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, so-called prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose), and overt type 2 diabetes are all associated to more extensive and even premature atherosclerosis both in the coronary and the carotid arteries. They are all found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is considered surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Early and cheap method of detecting atherosclerosis rules out the burden of cardiovascular disease in society. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case–control study of CIMT in patients having prediabetes. A total of 100 patients of prediabetes and equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Bilateral assessment of IMT was done in common carotid artery. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, using Chi-square test, odd's ratio, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The software used in this analysis was SPSS version 17.0 and GraphPad Prism version 5.0. P

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Nigeria

Objective: Carotid intima-media thickness is a significant and independent predictor of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of our study was to determine carotid intima-media thickness in Nigerians with diabetes.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study involving consecutively presenting patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy age-matched adults. Anthropometric variables were measured, and blood samples collected for fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, and HbA1c. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured using a 2-D scanner. Association of carotid intima-media thickness with other variable was assessed using correlation and multivariable linear regression models.Results: One hundred and fifty two subjects (87 diabetics and 65 healthy adults) were studied. Carotid intimamedia thickness was significantly higher among diabetics. Seventy nine (90.8%) and seventy two (82.8%) patients with diabetes had carotid intima-media thickness greater than 0.9 mm and 1.0 mm respectively. Carotid intimamedia thickness was higher in patients with higher HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, body mass index, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and significantly correlated with HbA1c, age, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c. Age, HbA1c and duration of hypertension predicted increased carotid intima-media thickness.Conclusion: The prevalence of increased carotid intima-media thickness is extremely high among Nigerians with diabetes, and this significantly correlated with other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of carotid intima-media thickness should be routinely included in evaluation of subjects with diabetes, and assessment of total cardiovascular risk.

Association of Prostatic Volume and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

To assess cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. One hundred and twenty-three patients who were evaluated for the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia with accompanying symptoms were included in the study. Patients were also examined by cardiology department to assess and measure cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular functions, and carotid intima-media thickness. Cardiovascular risk factors adjusted carotid intima-media thickness was found to be different between 3 groups, being highest in the severely symptomatic group and lowest in the mildly symptomatic group. Significant correlation of prostatic volume was shown with carotid intima-media thickness after adjusting prostatic volume for body mass index and age, and carotid intima-media thickness for cardiovascular risk factors (r = 0.75 P = .01). Linear regression analysis revealed that carotid intima-media thickness significantly associated with prostatic volume (beta coefficient: 0.628; confidence interval: 37.02-60.1; P = .001). We have demonstrated that prostatic tissue has significant association with carotid intima-media thickness in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Effect of levothyroxine on the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism patients: a meta-analysis

BackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) in recent studies, but the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy on C-IMT in SCH patients are still controversial.AimTo...

A study of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in cases of ischemic stroke

Background: Measurement of Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) by carotid doppler is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive investigation. CIMT may predict ischaemic stroke. However, the data about the usefulness of CIMT as a predictor in Indian scenario is relatively less. The primary objective of the present study was to determine utility of CIMT as a predictor of ischemic stroke.Methods: This study was a case control study carried out at a tertiary care institute. The study included fifty cases of ischaemic stroke. Fifty age and sex matched controls were selected who were not relatives of cases.Results: A detailed history of cases and controls was taken. They were subjected to routine investigations; blood sugars and lipid profile were sent. CIMT was measured by doing carotid doppler study on both sided carotid arteries. The results were analysed.Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that there is increase in CIMT in patients of ischemic stroke. Age, gender and side of the vessel had no significant effect on CIMT. It was concluded that CIMT value has a direct correlation with ischemic stroke. Thus, Carotid intima media thickness can be used as a non-invasive predictor of future ischemic stroke incidence.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis.

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for OSA. A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether CPAP therapy could decrease carotid IMT.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched before March, 2017. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated to estimate the treatment effects of pre and post-CPAP therapy. Seven studies were examined and the meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0.ResultsThere was no change of carotid IMT before and after CPAP treatment in OSA patients (WMD = 0.052, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.002 to 0.105, z = 1.90, p = 0.057). Meanwhile, meta-analysis of the two RCTs showed that carotid IMT was not changed in CPAP group when compared with control group (WMD = 0.002 95% CI = −0.125 to 0.129, z = 0.03, p = 0.976). Subgroup analyses indicated that carotid IMT was significantly decreased after CPAP use in more severe OSA patients (AHI≥50) (WMD = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.022 to 0.124, z = 2.80, p = 0.005) and patients with therapeutic duration ≥6 months (WMD = 0.121, 95% CI = 0.019 to 0.223, z = 2.32, p = 0.021).ConclusionsCPAP had no impact on carotid IMT in OSA patients. However, carotid IMT was significantly decreased after CPAP treatment in more severe OSA patients and patients with longer CPAP usage.

Plasma expression level of miRNA let-7 is positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness in patients with essential hypertension.

MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) play vital part in the pathophysiology of arterial remodeling in hypertension patients, and are increasingly becoming novel biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. The study was designed to evaluate the correlation between let-7 expression level and subclinical atherosclerosis in untreated patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension. We assessed 240 participants including 60 healthy volunteers with normal carotid intima-media thickness (nCIMT), 60 healthy volunteers with increased CIMT (iCIMT), 60 hypertension patients with nCIMT and 60 hypertension patients with iCIMT. All patients underwent measurements of CIMT and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The level of let-7 was quantified using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Correlations of let-7 expression with BP parameters and CIMT were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. We observed the lowest miRNA let-7 expression (21.70±1.45 vs 29.33±2.58 vs 31.50±1.80 vs 35.49±2.33; P<0.001) in healthy controls with nCIMT, followed by healthy controls with iCIMT, then hypertension patients with nCIMT and highest expression in hypertension patients with iCIMT. Let-7 was independently correlated with CIMT(r=0.587, P<0.001), and multiple linear regression analysis showed that let-7 was independently correlated with CIMT (β=0.031, P<0.001). Our findings provide significant evidence that plasma let-7 could represent a non-invasive marker for atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients and herald the emergence of a potential indicator to monitor end-organ damage in hypertension.

Impaired flow-mediated dilation response and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a mean disease duration of 4.1 years.

This study aimed at assessing the endothelial function in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). This study enrolled 32 T1DM patients (mean disease duration 4.1 years) and 28 age-matched controls (CTL Group). Endothelial function and CIMT were assessed with high-resolution ultrasound using standardized offline measurements. FMD was significantly lower in patients in the T1DM Group (8.9 ± 3.2%) compared with those in the CTL Group (13.3 ± 4.3%; P-value < 0.0001). Similarly, CIMT differed significantly between T1DM patients (0.525 ± 0.03 mm) and controls (0.508 ± 0.03 mm; P-value = 0.041). Even though, the values are within the normal range for age. Patients with T1DM have impaired endothelial function characterized by reduced FMD when compared to controls. However, vascular remodeling as seen by increases in CIMT was not found in this study.

Morning blood pressure surge is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in prehypertensive patients.

Morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MBPS) is defined as an excessive increase in the morning BP from the lowest systolic BP during sleep and is reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in current clinical studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between MBPS and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) in prehypertensive patients. We evaluated the association between the rate of BP variation derived from ambulatory BP monitoring and C-IMT in patients with prehypertension. One hundred and seventy patients with prehypertension were included in the study. All office BP measurements and ambulatory 24-h, day-time, and night-time measurements were similar between each group. C-IMT [0.60 (range: 0.57-0.65) vs. 0.55 (range: 0.50-0.60) cm; P<0.001] and the mean platelet volume [8.7 (range: 7.9-9.1) vs. 7.9 (range: 7.3-8.8) fl; P=0.002] were significantly higher in the greater MBPS group than the lower group. In multivariate analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR): 2.271, confidence interval (CI): 1.011-5.100, P=0.047], greater MBPS (OR: 8.474, CI: 3.623-19.608, P<0.001), and elevated mean platelet volume levels (OR: 3.359, CI: 1.978-5.705, P<0.001) were found to be independent predictors of greater C-IMT in prehypertensive patients. Our study suggests that greater MBPS is associated independently with C-IMT in prehypertensive patients.

Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffness, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Acromegaly

Early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in acromegaly, may be an efficient approach to extending the lifespan of affected patients. Therefore, it is crucial to determine any cardiovascular diseases in the subclinical period. The study objectives were to determine markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and asses heart structure and function. This was a cross-sectional, single-center study of 53 patients with acromegaly and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), pulse-wave velocity (PWV), and echocardiographic data were compared between these groups. CIMT and PWV were higher in the acromegaly group than in the healthy group (P = .008 and P = .002, respectively). Echocardiography showed that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was present in 11.3% of patients. Left ventricular mass index and left atrial volume index were higher in the patients (P = .016 and P<.001, respectively). No differences in the CIMT, PWV, or echocardiographic measurements were identified between the patients with biochemically controlled and uncontrolled acromegaly and the control group. Our results showed that subclinical atherosclerosis (i.e., CIMT and PWV markers) and heart structure and function were worse in patients with acromegaly than in healthy individuals. Because there were no differences in these parameters between patients with controlled and uncontrolled acromegaly, our results suggest that the structural and functional changes do not reverse with biochemical control. AA = active acromegaly BSA = body surface area CA = biochemically controlled acromegaly CH = concentric hypertrophy CIMT = carotid intima-media thickness DBP = diastolic blood pressure DM = diabetes mellitus ECHO = echocardiography EDV = enddiastolic volume EF = ejection fraction ESV = endsystolic volume GH = growth hormone HC = healthy control HL = hyperlipidemia HT = hypertension IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 LA = left atrial LAV = left atrial volume LAVI = left atrial volume index LV = left ventricular LVDD = left ventricular diastolic dysfunction LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy LVMI = left ventricular mass index PWV = pulse-wave velocity RWT = relative wall thickness.

The relationship between chemerin levels and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with ischemic stroke (P1.262)

The relationship between chemerin levels and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with ischemic stroke (P1.262)

Lipid profile and carotid artery intima-media thickness in diabetic and non-diabetic ischaemic stroke

Background: Stroke is one of the leading reasons for mortality throughout the world. Measurement of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable marker for the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke (IS). The aim was to study and correlate lipid profile and CIMT in diabetic and non-diabetic IS patients.Methods: An observational study was done including 120 IS patients divided into two groups- diabetes (n=60, diabetic stroke patients) and non-diabetes (n=60, non-diabetic stroke patients) having age &gt;18 years, admitted in Medicine and Neurology wards of G. R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India between August 2015 to August 2016. Detailed history along with investigations such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and fasting lipid profile including triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and total cholesterol (TC) was done. The common and the internal carotid arteries of both sides were evaluated ultrasonographically using a high frequency linear probe. All the data were analysed using IBM SPSS- ver.20 software. Data was expressed as percentage. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and independent sample student t test. Pearson correlation was used to establish the relation between the data. P values &lt;0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Most common age group among diabetes and non-diabetes IS patients were 51-60 years (26.66%) and 61-70 years (28.33%) respectively with male predominance (75% and 66.67% respectively). Most of the diabetic IS patients had FBS &gt;200 mg/dl (41.66%) and PPBS &gt;250 mg/dl, (50%). Out of 120 IS patients, 55 (45.83%) had CIMT ≤0.8 mm and 65 (54.16%) patients had CIMT &gt;0.8 mm. Lipid parameters including TC (p=0.034), TG (p=0.022), HDL (p=0.039), VLDL (p=0.043) and LDL (p=0.017) were significantly different between groups (p&lt;0.05). Mean CIMT in patients with diabetes and non-diabetes was 1.03±0.255 mm and 0.83±0.54 mm respectively (p=0.006). A significant positive correlation was recorded between CIMT and TC (r=0.36, p=0.006), TG (r=0.48, p=0.0001) and VLDL (r=0.46, p=0.0001) among diabetes stroke patients. Among non-diabetes stroke patients, TC (r=-0.25, p=0.042), TG (r=-0.44, p=0.0003), HDL (r=-0.33, p=0.016) and LDL (r=-0.58, p=&lt;0.001) were negatively correlated and VLDL (r=0.92, p=&lt;0.0001) was positively correlated with CIMT.Conclusions: Lipid parameters including TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were significantly raised in diabetic stroke patients and had a positive correlation with the risk of stroke. CIMT was significantly high in diabetic stroke patients. Correlation of lipid parameters (TC, TG and VLDL) with CIMT in diabetic stroke patients were significantly positively correlated, in non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients’ lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL and LDL) were negatively correlated.

The effect of statins on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with acute coronary syndrome

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Statins have been established by definitive primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention trials as the cornerstone of pharmacy prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Carotid arterial intima-media thickness is used as a noninvasive surrogate end point in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials to gauge progression and regression of atherosclerosis. In this trial, we compared the effects of a high-potency statin with different dose (atorvastatin 20 mg/d and atorvastatin 40 mg/d) on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This was a randomized, single blinded clinical trial that performed on 100 patients with ACS diagnosis from April 2014 to September 2015. The effects of atorvastatin (20 mg/d; n=50) and atorvastatin (40 mg/d; n=50) on CIMT were compared using serial assessment of the thickness of common carotid artery&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The mean patient age was 52 years and 74% were male. Baseline CIMT and other characteristics were similar between study groups. CIMT was stable in the both study groups after 6 months and there were no meaningful statistical differences observed between study groups (change in CIMT, 0.044±0.169 and -0.006±0.168 mm; p=0.14).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This comparative trial shows that the use of atorvastatin 20 mg/d and 40 mg/d in short term have similar effects on carotid intima-media thickness. However, intensive statin therapy may have been shown to yield improvement in atherosclerosis with measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Red blood cell distribution width and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundTo evaluate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed 803 patients with MetS who underwent carotid ultrasonography examination at Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2014 to September 2015. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. An automatic biochemistry analyzer measured RDW. Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate linear and logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between RDW and CIMT.ResultsCompared with control group, case group had higher RDW level (P < 0.001) and CIMT (P < 0.001). CIMT was positively related to RDW (r = 0.436, P < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that RDW was a predictor of CIMT ≥ 1 mm. Compared with the first quartile, people with third and fourth quartile level gave obvious higher risk of carotid artery atherosclerotic trend (OR = 1.41, 95% CI:1.01–197; OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.30–3.40). Using a cutoff point of 13.9%, RDW predicts elevated CIMT with a sensitivity of 62.1% and a specificity of 70.3%.ConclusionHigh RDW is related to the increased CIMT in MetS patients, which highlights the role of RDW in the progression of elevated CIMT in MetS patients.

Association Between IL-18 and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type II Diabetic Nephropathy.

BackgroundWe specifically designed this study to determine the relationship between levels of IL-8 and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material/MethodsA total of 149 diabetic patients at different stages of diabetic nephropathy and 72 matched controls were recruited in this study. A wide range of parameters were measured: IL-18 (by ELISA), urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT, by pulse wave velocity [PWV]). All the diabetic patients were treated by alprostadil.ResultsELISA indicated that the level of IL-18 in the patient group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group. The level of IL-18 apparently increased in the higher cIMT group in T2DM patients. Serum IL-18 levels were positively correlated with cIMT in patients with T2DM, the level of IL-18 was negatively correlated with cIMT, and IL-18 levels were positively correlated to age. Moreover, IMT was positively correlated with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and IL-18 levels were significantly associated with cIMT (all P<0.05).ConclusionsIL-18 levels were positively correlated with atherosclerotic burden in patients with T2DM and it may be considered as a significant therapeutic target.

Carotid intima-media thickness and cardiometabolic risk factors in Pakistani type 2 diabetics

Context: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, coexistent cardiometabolic risk factors contribute to atherosclerosis. Aims: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between known cardiometabolic risk factors and CIMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2016 in a tertiary care center in Pakistan. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 237 participants among whom 119 had type 2 diabetes mellitus while 118 were controls. After complete history and examination, investigations including fasting and random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting lipid profile were obtained. All participants underwent Doppler ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries for measurement of CIMT. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed through SPSS version 20.0 using Pearson's correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The target population constituted 44.3% males and 55.7% females. Among the participating males, 49.6% were diabetic while 50.4% of the female population was diabetic. There was a strong positive correlation of CIMT with duration of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. This correlation was moderately positive with age, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Different cardiometabolic risk factors have a varying impact on CIMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The major contribution to CIMT is by the blood pressure, cholesterol, and duration of diabetes mellitus.

Ocena stężenia homocysteiny w surowicy i jego zależności od wskaźnika intima-media tętnicy szyjnej u pacjentów z przewlekłą chorobą nerek

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Jain D, Aggarwal H, Goyal S, Sen J, Seth S. Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne. 2017;33(4):247-253. doi:10.5114/ms.2017.72476. APA Jain, D., Aggarwal, H., Goyal, S., Sen, J., & Seth, S. (2017). Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne, 33(4), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2017.72476 Chicago Jain, Deepak, Hari Krishan Aggarwal, Shivraj Goyal, Jyotsana Sen, and Shashi Seth. 2017. "Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease". Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 33 (4): 247-253. doi:10.5114/ms.2017.72476. Harvard Jain, D., Aggarwal, H., Goyal, S., Sen, J., and Seth, S. (2017). Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne, 33(4), pp.247-253. https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2017.72476 MLA Jain, Deepak et al. "Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease." Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne, vol. 33, no. 4, 2017, pp. 247-253. doi:10.5114/ms.2017.72476. Vancouver Jain D, Aggarwal H, Goyal S, Sen J, Seth S. Evaluation of serum homocysteine level and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of chronic kidney disease. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne. 2017;33(4):247-253. doi:10.5114/ms.2017.72476.

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients.

The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease. We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness. Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confirm the utility of ultrasound findings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.