Cargo Terminals Research Articles

METHODS FOR MEASURING THE DEPTH OF ICE ABRASIA ON THE SURFACE OF CONCRETE SAMPLES

The shelf of the world ocean is rich in hydrocarbon reserves. Most of the Russian shelf is located in the Arctic and Far Eastern seas, where the harsh climatic conditions of the construction areas must be taken into account when designing offshore ice-resistant platforms, cargo terminals and ports, and designers must pay special attention to the loads and impacts from the drifting ice cover. The result of the interaction of drifting ice fields with hydraulic structures is the abrasive wear of the structure surface (concrete). The problem of ice abrasion of building materials attracts the attention of scientists in many countries. As part of the study of this phenomenon, many experiments are conducted, where the method of measuring the ice abrasion depth may bring a significant error in the results of the experiment, which contributes to the need to apply new measurement methods and improve existing ones. For example, at the Norwegian University of Natural and Technical Sciences, Mitutoyo Corp. digital micrometer, 3D optical light scanner ATOS III SO and laser scanner processing were used throughout the experimental studies. At the Far Eastern Federal University, measurements were carried out using a micrometer watch type indicator (WTI) GOST 577-68 (2002) and a digital micrometer. The article describes the methods of measuring the ice abrasion depth and gives the characteristics of measuring equipment, a method for measuring the of ice abrasion depth with numerical control equipment is proposed.

Analysis of the potential of contrailer transport (on the example of the Kaliningrad transport hub)

The subject of the research is the study of the potential of piggyback transportation on the basis of the multimodal terminal and warehouse infrastructure of the Kaliningrad railway. The relevance of the topic is determined by the intensification of international trade, which requires simplification of receiving and dispatching and transfer operations in a complex logistics system for the delivery of goods and the use of intermodal transport modules to speed up the listed operations, and, as a result, reduce the delivery time of goods. One of the types of intermodal transport modules is a piggyback, which can be transported by both rail and road transport, and processed at specialized cargo terminals. As a rule, piggyback terminals are located in large transport hubs with significant volumes of transit traffic. The conditions of the Kaliningrad transport hub are considered as the basis for the formation of a transport and logistics framework for the development of piggyback transportation.Methods used: analytical, design, evolutionary-functional, forecasting.With the help of forecasting and analysis methods, the potential of the market for piggyback transportation on the Kaliningrad railway has been investigated, taking into account statistical data over the past few years.The features of the Kaliningrad transport hub and the functioning of railway transport for servicing international transit using multimodal cargo delivery technologies are considered. The performance indicators of the Kaliningrad railway have been studied, and several alternative scenarios for the dynamics of transportation by means of contrailers have been predicted. A general assessment of the conditions of the Kaliningrad region for the prospective development of the volume of transportation of goods and cargo in foreign trade using piggyback.

A novel algorithm of ship structure modeling and target identification based on point cloud for automation in bulk cargo terminals

Achieving port automation of machinery at bulk terminals is a challenging problem due to the volatile operation environments and complexity of bulk loading compared to the situations in container terminals. In order to facilitate port automation, we present a method of hull modeling (reconstruction of hull’s structure) and operation target (cargo holds under loading) identification based on 3D point cloud collected by Laser Measurement System mounted on the ship loader. In the hull modeling algorithm, we incrementally register pairs of point clouds and reconstruct the 3D structure of bulk ship’s hull blocks in details through process of encoder data of the loader, FPFH feature matching and ICP algorithm. In the identification algorithm, we project real-time point clouds of the operation zone to spherical coordinate and transforms the 3D point clouds to 2D images for fast and reliable identification of operation target. Our method detects and complements four edges of the operation target through process of the 2D images and estimates both posture and size of operation target in the bulk terminal based on the complemented edges. Experimental trials show that our algorithm allows us to achieve the reconstruction of hull blocks and real-time identification of operation target with high accuracy and reliability.

Problems of legal regulation of transport activities on inland waterways of Ukraine

The article examines the problems of legal regulation of transport activities on inland waterways of Ukraine. The current absence of legal framework governing the implementation of river transport and port infrastructure in Ukraine is indicated. The purpose of the article is to reveal the problematic aspects of legal regulation of transport activities on inland waterways of Ukraine, namely – the absence of the relevant Law of Ukraine «On Inland Water Transport» and the importance of its adoption for legal regulation of transport activities and development of shipping on the inland waterways of Ukraine. The state policy on river transport and the strategy for its implementation are currently only prescribed and approved in the bill on inland water transport, which has been underway since 2015. Currently, there is a situation in which the shortcomings in the legal regulation of legal relations arising in the field of inland navigation in Ukraine are clearly defined. The lack of a mechanism for resolving the problems of the industry is confirmed by the disputes faced by enterprises and institutions of the organization regarding the operation by inland water transport. The settlement of the above situation requires a clear definition of the legal status of the river port, delimitation of the functions of the river port in terms of economic activity and state control and supervision over shipping safety, determination of the water area status and river port territory, consolidation of legal relations with business entities of all ownership forms at the legislative level. Adoption of this bill will make it possible to regulate at the legislative level legal relations in the field of domestic navigation on inland waterways, i.e. activities related to the use of vessels for cargo, passengers, luggage, mail, operation of inland waterways, registration of vessels and river cargo terminals and the right to sail under the State flag of Ukraine, the legal status of the ship’s crew, its composition, the rights and responsibilities of the captain (commander) of the ship, the rules of navigation safety, regulation of ship traffic, etc.

Интегрированное управление контейнерной транспортной системой региона

Nowadays, regional container transport systems operate in the context of incomplete information and lack of integration of economic entities. Pursuance of personal economic gains by companies often leads to an imbalance in the development of regional terminal capacities, irrational empty container flows and a decreased efficiency of the regional container system in general. The present article proposes an approach to the integrated management of the regional container transport system based on the coordinated container flow distribution between terminals. This technology aims to increase the efficiency of the whole system, including due to the flow enlargement and the accelerated container trains formation. The approach involves the data sharing between cargo owners, terminals, the railway and resource owners on a digital logistics platform that forms logistics chains taking into account the transportation geography, infrastructure capacity and the interests of container market entities. The research presents a mathematical formalisation of the optimal container delivery chains by the time criterion, as well as a model of the integrated distribution of container flows between terminals. The model distributes the total container flow generated by a region between the existing terminal facilities in a way to minimise the total time of cargo delivery (taking into account the accumulation time of the full-length container block train at the terminal). The model, tested in the conditions of the container transport system in the Ural region, showed that an integrated management approach reduces the average container delivery time by 5 days due to the flow enlargement and regular container block trains. The effect size depends on the total regional container flow, as the larger number of requests for transportation to a certain destination leads to the accelerated formation of loaded container trains. The proposed technology is of economic interest for various participants of the container transport system. For cargo owners, it reduces the delivery time and, consequently, increases the capital turnover; for container owners, it accelerates the container turnover and reduces empty running; for terminals, it increases the throughput by reducing the accumulation time. To improve the model, it is planned to develop approaches for coordinating not only outgoing, but also incoming container flows between existing terminals.

Mathematical modeling of failure of port control systems

The need to increase the capacity of ports is due to the development of the Northern Sea Route as a national transport route of Russia in the Arctic, the National Program for the Development of the Far East, in the context of an increase in trade with other regions of Russia, as well as the reorientation of cargo flows from the Baltic ports to Russian ones in Primorsk, Ust-Luga and Vysotske. Increasing cargo turnover and ensuring the strategic economic interests of Russia requires the reconstruction of existing and construction of new modern port-industrial complexes, provided with advanced technologies, including the automation of logistics management processes, production and engineering systems. This article describes a method for mathematical modeling of the failure of control systems for automation of cargo terminals of ports. Since failures in the operation of automation systems lead to an increase in the load of cargo berths (terminals) of both sea and river port complexes, to a violation of logistics schemes, and as a consequence to an increase in costs. Modeling is carried out using methods of probability theory, in particular, the Poisson distribution law. A comparison of the empirical and theoretical failure rates of automation is performed using the Pearson criterion. The performed modeling will allow determining the technical and economic indicators of new construction, reconstruction or overhaul, in terms of the engineering systems of the facility, and optimize the automation processes.

Transportation of perishable goods by air: handling problems at Russian airports

The article deals with the problems of perishable goods handling process at Russian airports on delivery in international supply chains (ISC). The investigation was carried out on the basis of operational analysis. The initial stage of the study, which was performed applying statistical analysis, revealed that the major category of perishable goods which establish air transportation demand into Russia is the fresh exotic fruits. The investigation was performed taking the mango supply chain as an example, due to its non-standard thermal and storage requirements. The second stage resulted in the perishable goods airport handling quality criteria set formation: the number of mandatory cargo while handling operations, the required time for these operations, the amount of paper work, the number of multi-temperature chambers at the airport and their area, ULD temperature storage system availability. The study revealed that about 90% of perishable goods, which are imported to Russia, are handled at the airports of Moscow aviation hub because other airports in Russia lack the temperature storage facilities infrastructure. This restriction raises the price of perishable goods logistics on the territory of the country considerably as well as reduces their quality. Four international airports of strategic importance outside the boarders of the central federal district which have the potential of forming central hubs for perishable goods handling as well as processing of transit and transfer flows were chosen in the context of this study. Among them are the airports of Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk. The airports of Moscow aviation hub were offered specialization on the subject of perishable goods export-import flow handling. The materials received from airlines, major cargo terminals at Russian airports, transport companies, specialized international air transport enterprises and logistics associations were exploited as the data for this study. The research registered that the deterrence to the speed of supply chain operation is the time of cargo ground service at Russian airports which considerably exceeds the cargo ground service time in the exporting country. The delays are connected with the poor development of perishable goods handling cargo terminals and also with loads of paper work because the system of electronic workflow and automated checking of markings doesn’t exist. The model of electronic workflow in the International Supply Chain which utilizes pre-flight and pre-loading preliminary information about the cargo was offered. Block Chain system for checking the correct presentation of documents at all stages of the supply chain was introduced which reduces the total time of cargo ground handling process.

Основные объекты антропогенного воздействия на водную среду Керченского пролива по данным многолетних гидрооптических и гидрохимических исследований

Based on expeditionary data of Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI, Sevastopol) and Southern Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (YugNIRO, Kerch), the main objects of economic activity that have anthropogenic impact on the Kerch Strait waters and adjacent areas of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea are identified. These are ports, cargo terminals, dump zones, raid transshipment points, etc. Results obtained by optical methods were compared with those of long-term standard hydrochemical complex observations of water pollution in the studied region.

On the Issue of Efficiency of Shunting Diesel Locomotives at Cargo Terminals

The main shunting operations at the cargo terminal compose of supply of cars for loading and their removal after unloading. The article describes the modes of operation of a shunting diesel locomotive performing these operations. The procedure for calculating in the form of an algorithm for determining performance indicators of a shunting locomotive is given, followed by the results of calculations for performing a technological operation of supplying cars for loading and removing them after unloading by a ChME3 diesel locomotive at the cargo terminal. The necessity of increasing the requirements for quality of control decisions made by drivers of shunting diesel locomotives is determined. The criterion for evaluating the use of one or another locomotive control mode has been adjusted. These studies are aimed at ensuring control in the most efficient way, providing for a reduction in fuel consumption by shunting diesel locomotives and thereby reducing the cost of shunting work at the cargo terminal, the costs for owners of cargo terminals. Also, a comparative analysis of the use of various options for controlling a diesel locomotive for the most common operation, supply of five cars for loading and their removal after unloading, at the cargo terminal under specified operating conditions is performed and presented. The cost of fuel saved through the use of a rational mode of control of a shunting locomotive has been determined.

Risk Assessment of Moored and Passing Ships

Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences, the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels such as cruise ships.

MAS-based evaluation method of production performance for coal export terminals

ABSTRACT Determining how to reasonably evaluate the production performance of bulk cargo terminals has always been a concern of the terminal managers. Aiming at the problem of production performance evaluation of the coal export terminals, this paper presents an evaluation method of production performance based on MAS (multi-agent system). A global simulation model of a typical export coal terminal is built in the paper, and the changes of production performance indicators under different conditions are discussed in detail. For the terminal studied, the experimental results show that the terminal production efficiency can be improved based on a series of measures, such as reducing the coal storage time, reducing the ship inter-arrival time, increasing ship loading capacity within a certain range. This method is helpful for the coal terminal managers to better understand the relationship between the terminal production performance indicators and related input factors.

Research review on improving the efficiency of multimodal transportation based on technological solutions

During the process of analyzing Russian and foreign studies in the field of multimodal cargo transportation, existing methods for improving the efficiency of the multimodal transport system are considered. Improving efficiency of multimodal transportation today is possible due to the optimization of the interaction system between the used modes of transport and transportation of goods. Cost reduction, optimization of cargo terminals, the formation and development of the transport corridors network also play an important role in improving this type of transportation. The use of the new capabilities of satellite navigation, as well as the importance of reducing the environmental load and fuel economy should not be underestimated. The minimization of risks throughout the field of multimodal transportation, the improvement of the legislative framework and document management processes are important. To solve these problems, experts propose methods for the operational management of cargo delivery and expedited transportation. Based on these methods, the place of transport logistics in the process of bringing goods to the consumer during multimodal transportation is determined. A methodology for designing a multimodal transport network has been developed, this methodology involves the formation and development of transport corridors, taking into account new conditions for the globalization of transportation. Researches on the organization of transportation using multimodal transport units and technologies (containers, contrailers, "running highway") have been conducted. Based on the theory of controlled networks and integer linear programming methods, the experts developed mathematical models for the distribution of cargo flows, the choice of the most favorable transportation routes, ideal loading of rolling stock, and transportation of goods using the best forwarding algorithm. Methods are proposed for assessing the maximum capacity of the transport network and predicting the interference of weather conditions in the process of goods transportation, based on the Ford-Fulkerson theorem on the maximum flow and minimum cross section and the use of the mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the lack of a universal methodology for managing multimodal transportation processes on the basis of a telecommunication platform requires the formulation and solution of the important scientific and practical problem - the development of popular organizational and management methods, technological solutions to ensure the effectiveness of multimodal transportation. The totality of the tasks to be solved in this case has important socio-economic significance for the Russian Federation.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS TO THE CARGO RIVER TERMINAL FOR THE SAFE HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MOTOR VEHICLES

It is the study of river cargo terminals possibilities for storing and reloading vehicles on river vessels / from river vessels. Description of the current situation on the country's transport market and examples of the organization of combined transport involving road and rail transport for the transport of general cargo in transport-developed countries are given. Proposals for attracting river transport to the organization of combined transport have been made. The available base is the fleet, coastal terminals. Existing requirements and regulations applicable to such terminals are shown. Their analysis and projection on the further development of transportation of highly tariffed general cargo in combined communications with the participation of river transport are made.

Research on Intelligent Optimization of Bulk Cargo Terminal Control System

Aiming at the problems of lagging automation and low informationization of bulk cargo terminals, this paper has optimized the control system of bulk cargo terminals, and improved the characteristics and functions of the control system. Based on the completion of the existing remote start and stop processes and equipment, the database, fault diagnosis and information management of the bulk cargo terminal control system are optimized, which improves the control efficiency and operability of the control system. The transformation and upgrading of the control system has played a good role in promoting the development and construction of smart ports.

Automation of calculation of technical and operational parameters of a railway cargo terminal

Research is the automation of decision-making on the justification of the type of unloading section of the terminal for single-piece cargo — external or internal input of the railway track is rational according to the criterion of minimum total costs. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the widespread solution of this type of business problems in the modern conditions of the transport and warehouse market. Cargo terminals connect modes of transport and transform cargo flows, which determines both the key position of cargo terminals in modern supply chains, and the complexity of tasks to be solved in their design. For operational management of transport and logistics processes, it is necessary to quickly make business decisions, which can be provided by software implementation of a number of settlement procedures.Used dynamic and linear programming, syntax and tools of the Pascal ABC programming language, analytical, marketing, and project methods; materials of general access and official sites, own research.A software product for automating the calculation of technical and operational parameters of a railway cargo terminal is described. The program allows you to calculate a set of technical and economic parameters of the cargo terminal operation, in particular, the size of the annual car traffic, the required length of the railway unloading section, as well as annual operating (production) costs and capital costs for the construction of the car unloading section by options.The software product can be useful both in the educational process of secondary and higher education, and in practical business when making business decisions on planning the operation of a cargo terminal.

Innovative development of the automobile and road complex

The issues of the system approach to the automobile and road complex strategic development in accordance with the departmental project of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation “The Digital Transport and Logistics” have been considered. They are a part of the national program “The Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” in connection with the Strategy of the Spatial Development of Russia for the period up to 2024. The national program is based on the transport modes infrastructure ensuring the areas interconnection and requiring the gradual modernization, digitalization and integration into one digital services ecosystem both for the transport individual modes and in the aggregate. The subjects of the study have become the automobile and road infrastructure objects that are the material and technical resources of transport services for the cargo, passengers and luggage transportation. However, the highway transportation in Russia holds the leading position in the cargo and passengers transportation total volume, where a significant proportion corresponds to the cities and agglomerations transport system with the deployment of cargo and passenger terminals, fuel stations, carriers and consumers of transportation services. The relevant national projects Passports being the background of the research and approved by the Presidium of the Presidential Council for the strategic development and the national projects contain the achievement of goals, targets and tasks in the format of instructions from the President of the Russian Federation to the Government. The technique of every national project (program) implementation in the relevant field at the first stage requires the conceptual strategic development, the digital technologies and the platform solutions reflected in the work.

Demand for air cargo and demand for virtual commerce goods in Brazil

Some studies have reported that current demand for air cargo transport has largely derived from the demand for goods in B2C-type electronic commerce. Marketing experts consider that consumer income bracket, cost of goods, freight costs and other less tangible factors influence consumer decisions to purchase online. This study makes an econometric investigation as to whether determinants of e-commerce demand in Brazil can explain the behavior of the demand for air cargo transport services. The study sample period is 2000 to 2016. Unit root and co-integration tests were conducted prior to the regression analysis of the results obtained for the air transport services demand as well as tests for correlation among explanatory variables for the air cargo demand. The reported results make it possible to conclude that the determinants of e-commerce demand do explain the demand for air cargo transport services. It is important to underscore that studies designed to determine the dimensions of cargo aircraft fleets and airport cargo terminals installed at airports or in their vicinities must always take into account the demand for goods offered by B2C-type e-commerce in their analyses.

Transport and logistics hub for unmanned aircraft

The problems of a transport and logistics hub and its technical equipment for cargo receiving and sending by remoted-piloted vehicle unmanned aircraft are explored. The advantages of remoted-piloted vehicles using for multimodal transportation are shown. The general information of the necessary equipment for landing fields and cargo terminals are provided. The principles of an intelligent dispatch system with a dedicated module as part of the transport and logistics hub are outlined. Recommendations of the introduction of multimodal transportation in commercial exploitation are presented.

АНАЛІЗ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО І ЗАКОРДОННОГО ДОСВІДУ РОБОТИ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ВУЗЛІВ

The article deals with the peculiarities of domestic and foreign experience hubs. The object of study - the process of multimodal transport hubs in traffic. The purpose of the work - in analyzing the domestic and foreign experience of transport nodes to identify ways to improve multimodal transport nodes. The research method is analytical. The most important structural unit of multimodal transport systems are multimodal transport nodes. By the term multimodal transport hub (MTH) understand the geographical point of docking and interaction of several types of transport, through which multimodal transportation is carried out. Such a hub may combine the railway stations connecting their railways, sea and river ports, airports, stations, highways, terminal and intermediate objects of main pipelines, and municipal transport networks. The infrastructure of the MTH includes warehouses and cargo terminals with traffic control and distribution centers, customs clearance facilities, transport insurance, organizations representing freight forwarding and banking services. In the analysis of domestic and foreign experience of transport hub, it was discovered that transport nodes are the bridgeheads of organizational-technical and technological interaction of different types of transport, implementation of multimodal transportations on logistic principles. The capacity of transport hubs in Ukraine is at a critical point. In modern conditions, the power of transport hubs is not sufficient for the volume of freight traffic, including and transit grew. In order to eliminate "bottlenecks" in transport hubs of Ukraine, it is necessary to improve the technical and operational capabilities of the infrastructure objects, their technical re-equipment and modernization. The results of the work can be applied to develop measures for the improvement of multimodal transport hubs. Foreseeable assumptions about the development of the research object - the search for ways to improve multimodal transport hubs. KEY WORDS: MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION, MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUBS, WAYS OF CONNECTION.

Экономическое обоснование решений по организации работы грузового терминала

The work is devoted to the analysis of existing directions of digitalization of the railroad industry in the segment of terminal and warehousing services. Application software has been developed for the economic feasibility of decision-making on the workflow management of the cargo terminal. The novelty elements are noted and the main working procedures, performed by the program are described. The characteristic of the interface is given, and macro flowchart of the program operation is given. The program allows calculating the cost of warehousing cargo, taking into account the occupied area. The results of the calculation can be applied in the design of cargo terminals and justifying the feasibility of attracting additional cargo flows.