Cargo Terminals Research Articles

Rusatom Overseas JSC, Moscow, Russian Federation

The article made a comparative analysis of scientific research carried out in recent years in the field of management of the development of the transport complex in Russia. A grouping of scientific works by different authors in the areas was carried out, as well as proposals for the further development of scientific research were given. Based on the completed research, an attempt was made to build the structure of the research carried out by scientists into a single system to form a global concept for managing the development of inland water transport of the Russian Federation. It was noted that the greatest interest for scientists in river transport is the areas of cost optimization and efficiency improvement, improvement of state regulation mechanisms and public-private partnership, integrated development of the transport industry and the formation of a support network of combined cargo terminals. The least developed issues are indicated at the moment, namely: improvement of regulatory support and regulation of port activities, tariff policy and taxation for the development of water transport hubs, the use of public-private partnership, management of sustainable development of the transport industry in general and enterprises in particular, building an effective internal control system at inland water transport enterprises.

Multi-Faceted Analysis of Airborne Noise Impact in the Port of Split (II)

Given the increasing number of citizen complaints about port noise and the lack of relevant studies assessing resident exposure, the effects of port noise are gaining increasing public attention. It is especially significant in ports near residential areas, where excessive noise emissions can seriously impact the urban environment. This paper aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of the population living near the cargo terminals in the Port of Split regarding the impact of port noise in the urban area, focusing on their health and standards of living. The research methodology included a questionnaire distributed in the areas where the residents are most affected by noise. In addition to conventional descriptive survey analysis, the authors used regression analysis and two-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test as a parametric data analysis tool. The survey results showed the harmful effects of port noise on most set parameters, and perceived noise intensity for three different times of the day caused a high level of concern for the urban environment. In addition, the regression analysis results showed a weak and reverse dependency between the distance of the selected residences from the noise sources and the perceived noise intensity. These findings support the validity of the respondents’ perceptions and the credibility of the obtained results. The application of parametric data analysis revealed a lack of formal knowledge of residents about the effects of noise and a strong differentiation between groups based on the variables that determine the level of education of residents and their assessments of the noise intensity of the cargo terminal. However, the subjective impressions and the psycho-physical and emotional states of the residents need also to be included in the validation of the results. The obtained results will facilitate the adoption of noise management policies and implementation of noise abatement programs in the Port of Split.

The effect of privately managed terminals on the technical efficiency of the Spanish port system

This paper analyzes the effects of privately managed terminals on the technical efficiency of Spanish ports for the period 2002–2018. Technical efficiency has been measured by both parametric and non-parametric methods. Port terminals are specialized infrastructures dedicated to container, solid and liquid bulk, non-containerized and passenger traffic. We show that the privately managed terminals improve Spanish ports technical efficiency regardless the approach followed. Besides, this increase in efficiency is the largest for solid bulk privately managed terminals followed by non-containerized general cargo, containers and liquid bulk terminals as compared to passenger ones. Also, large ports are more efficient independently of the approach. In addition, ports located in islands and those close to oil refineries are more efficient when using the non-parametric approaches. Finally, the reform introduced in 2003 had a significant negative impact on efficiency under the parametric approach.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ БОЖХОНА ИШИДА ТРАНСПОРТ ЛОГИСТИКАСИНИ АҲАМИЯТИ ВА ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ

Although in recent years there has been an increase in the volume of export-import goods transported from the country, there has been a decrease in the share of transit goods moving through the territory of the country. This was mainly influenced by the downward trend in rail transport. In the development of the country's transport logistics industry, it is necessary to solve such problems as obsolescence of vehicles, poor quality of roads and roadside infrastructure, waiting time at border customs posts, poor parking infrastructure and waiting for vehicles. facilities, lack of cargo terminals and lack of necessary technical technologies.

Вдосконалення методики оперативного планування міських вантажних перевезень

In the theory and practice of road haulage there are many different types of transport systems, which differ significantly from each other. Urban freight transport is usually performed by one or more vehicles on pendulum or ring routes, i.e., are a small transport system. In such transport systems there is an uneven operation of vehicles, which is the value of the deviation of production in tons and tonne-kilometers, which occurs daily depending on the influence of many factors. The most significant factors that cause uneven operation of vehicles are the inconsistency of the average technical speed of cars and their downtime under load-unloading.Uneven operation of cars significantly affects their implementation of the transportation plan, and thus leads to a decrease in productivity and profits of the trucking company. At the same time, a review of previously performed scientific papers showed that the issues of taking into account the unevenness of cars in operational planning were not given enough attention.The article proposes to consider the average technical speed and downtime under load-unloading not as determined, but as random variables, the distribution of which is consistent with the normal law. Accordingly, a mathematical apparatus is proposed, which allows to model the operation of a small transport system taking into account the uneven operation of vehicles. Taking into account the probabilistic nature of these values allows to increase the accuracy of modeling the operation of a small transport system and the possible occurrence of queues for loading or unloading in cargo terminals. Based on the use of this mathematical model, the paper improves the methodology of operational planning of urban freight. The use of the proposed technique will reduce downtime of cars and increase the efficiency of the transport company.

Methodology for determining the optimal territorial location of transport and logistics terminals on river transport

The article discusses the problem of determining the optimal location of cargo terminals in the cargo delivery system. The methods and approaches by which this task is traditionally solved are considered. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, it was concluded that it is advisable to use the center of gravity method of cargo flows to solve the indicated problem. Proposals have been made to finalize this approach, taking into account a number of additional criteria that are important for interested participants in the transport and logistics delivery system. The methodology for determining the optimal location of the terminal in the system of cargo transportation along the international transport corridor with the participation of river transport has been developed and presented. The results of testing of the methodology on the reference example on grain transportation within the framework of the international transport corridor "North-South" are given. Conclusions were drawn on the possibility of using the proposed methodology in the formation of a reference network of terminals in transport and logistics systems for the delivery of goods in international and regional traffic, as well as possible directions for its development.

Multi-Faceted Analysis of Airborne Noise Impact in the Port of Split (I)

This multi-faceted study deals with the analysis of the impact of noise emissions from the cargo terminals in the port of Split, especially in view of the proximity to inhabited areas and the growing number of registered issues and concerns due to its particular location. Three objectives are pursued: the identification of noise sources in the port area, an overview of strategic noise maps and simulations of noise propagation from ships at berth, and the calculation of external costs of noise pollution. In the first, preliminary part of the research project, by conducting a monitoring campaign and analyzing the data on strategic noise maps of the studied area, road and rail traffic were estimated as the main noise sources causing excessive noise emissions for all assessment periods: day (Lday), evening (Levening), night (Lnight), and day-evening-night (Lden) period. Industrial resources, including ports, were identified as having marginal noise emission levels. The calculation of the total external noise costs results in a damage value of €190,166/year, considering the number of affected inhabitants and the assumed noise levels. As an added value of the study, the simulation results of two scenarios have determined the noise propagation of a ship at berth and highlighted the zone of excessive noise under certain conditions. The results of this study should encourage the relevant institutions to strengthen noise management plans and introduce effective and continuous monitoring of noise emissions in critical areas.

LOGISTICS OF TRANSPORT IN AIRPORTS CENTERS: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW

This study has the purpose of bringing a verification about the logistics of transportation at the airport centers in Brazil through a literature review method using two databases (DOAJ and Scielo) to collect articles to create a portfolio that moved on into the thematic, analysis, and synthesis in the scientific production of logistics of transportation in the Brazilian Air Cargo sector. It was a literature review using two databases (DOAJ and Scielo), analyzing 33 articles related to the theme. After analyzing synthetically, the studies found, it was noticed that the studies directly related to the transport and distribution of goods are based on finding performance indexes within organizations or on the use of transport intermodality. The literature review used two databases (DOAJ and Scielo). This study presents suggestions for future scientific literary productions in the Logistics of Air Cargo, with guidelines for accounting costs, indices of logistical performance in air cargo terminals, and the application of tools to support decision-making within airport centers. It was possible to see the scientific production of the theme to better view the literature gaps about it and obtained suggestions for the production of future projects.

Simulation of terminal and logistics processes of foreign trade cargo processing at the Grodekovo border station

Introduction. The transport and logistics business has undergone significant changes while overcoming the challenges facing the transport industry. It requires new approaches to rational use, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in the organisation of foreign trade transportation. This issue is especially relevant in the Far East region, where there is an imbalance of incoming freight flows and traffic capacity of the transport network, which leads to a decrease in the quality of transport services and the competitiveness of transport corridors running through Russia. The key elements of international transport corridors are transport hubs and border checkpoints; therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the workload of a railway cargo terminal of the Pogranichny checkpoint within the Primorye-1 transport corridor. The object of study is the terminal and logistics complex of the Grodekovo border station.Materials and methods. In this study, methods of system analysis and information synthesis were used, as well as a programme for simulating the operation of technological zones of a border terminal and logistics centre.Results. The developed simulation programme made it possible to assess the workload of the warehouse terminal of the Grodekovo border station for processing foreign trade freight flow arriving by rail and road from Heilongjiang Province (PRC). The article presents the results of simulation modelling.Discussion and conclusion. Analysis of the results of simulation modelling showed the functioning of the cargo terminal of the Grodekovo border station with an increase in freight flow coming by road for reloading onto railway rolling stock, taking into account the duration of customs clearance, the limited capacity of the storage area and the cargo front, the number of handling equipment. Further research is aimed at creating a comprehensive programme that takes into account the traffic capacity of the entire system of ground checkpoints in the Far East region and the volume of the predicted freight flow.

Trade-offs in the landside operations of air cargo hubs: Horizontal cooperation and shipment consolidation policies considering capacitated nodes

Landside operations in air cargo terminals consist of many freight forwarders (FFWs) delivering and picking up cargo at the capacity-constrained loading docks at the airport's ground handlers' (GHs) facilities. To improve the operations of the terminal and take advantage of their geographical proximity a small set of FFWs can build a coalition to consolidate stochastically-arriving shipments and share truck fleet capacity while other FFWs continue bringing cargo to the terminal in a non-cooperative manner. Results from a detailed discrete-event simulation model of the cargo landside operations in Amsterdam Aiport showed that all operational policies had trade-offs in terms of the average shipment cycle time of coalition FFWs, the average shipment cycle time of non-coalition FFWs, and the total distance traveled by the coalition fleet, suggesting that horizontal cooperation in this context was not always beneficial, contrary to what previous studies on horizontal cooperation have found. Since dock capacity constitutes a significant constraint on operations in air cargo hubs, this paper also investigates the effect of dock capacity utilization and horizontal cooperation on the performance of consolidation policies implemented by the coalition. Thus, we built a general model of the air cargo terminal to analyze the effects caused by dock capacity utilization without the added complexity of landside operations at Amsterdam Airport to investigate whether the results hold for more general scenarios. Results from the general simulation model suggest that, in scenarios where dock and truck capacity become serious constraints, the average shipment cycle times of non-coalition FFWs are reduced at the expense of an increase in the cycle times of FFWs who constitute the coalition. A good balance among all the performance measures considered in this study is reached by following a policy that takes advantage of consolidating shipments based on individual visits to GH.

A simulation model for evaluating the cargo transfer alternatives in liquid cargo terminals

Tanker ships arriving at liquid cargo terminals have to wait for getting service due to various operational restrictions in the terminal. Waiting time is the time passed until the tankers get service after the notice of readiness. The increase in the waiting times of tanker ships causes high demurrage costs. Reducing the waiting times of ships is of vital importance for the operational efficiency of the terminal. In this study, it is aimed to develop a simulation model in which alternative solutions in the cargo transfer operations can be tested to reduce the waiting times of tanker ships. The simulation model has several constraints that can be encountered in liquid cargo terminals, and it can be adapted to any liquid cargo terminal. The developed model was then applied to a liquid cargo terminal in Turkey.

Assessment of maritime operations efficiency and its economic impact based on data envelopment analysis: A case study of Chilean ports

Ports are facing several logistical challenges and changes in globalization patterns. For this reason, port operations need to be more efficient than ever. Moreover, they can be classified as maritime operations, terminal operations, and connectivity or land operations. Regarding this, maritime operations represent around 48% of the transport costs and are defined as the processes involved from a vessel's arrival to a dock until the end of its cargo transference. This research focuses on the efficiency analysis of these operations using data envelopment analysis and proposes a method for estimating economic impacts when efficient maritime operations are achieved. A literature review is carried out in order to present a classification of port variables used in data envelopment analysis. In this way, the variables' classification supports the selection of maritime operation variables for the efficiency analysis. A case study of twelve Chilean containerized port cargo terminals is used to illustrate the proposed method, where results of the analysis are discussed. For inefficient ports, medium and long-term recommendations (goals) are presented and economic savings are estimated. In this way, the proposed methodological framework can be a useful tool to support policy-making decisions with respect to prioritizing port infrastructure investments.

Performance evaluation of Asian major cruise terminals

Compared to cargo terminals, performance evaluation of cruise terminals sits in a backseat in the current port performance studies, particularly in the Northeast Asia. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of major cruise terminals in Asia, taking into account the important dimensions and criteria influencing cruise terminal development, and using primary data by experts' responses to a questionnaire survey. Complementary data are also acquired by field trips and interviews to find the hidden information that is not revealed from the set questions in the questionnaire survey. To tackle the multiplicity and uncertainty in the collected data, the hybrid of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relation (CFPR) is employed to evaluate cruise terminal performance and highlight visual illustration of the test results. The findings provide useful insights for guiding cruise lines’ terminal selection and for aiding cruise terminals to benchmark their performance to effectively improve their service and maximize their overall performance.

Automatic Guided Vehicles Introduction Impacts to Roll-On/Roll-Off Terminals: Simulation and Cost Model Analysis

Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) have been successfully applied to cargo terminals to reduce operating costs and improve productivity. However, the focus was on container terminal operations. Ports with roll-on/roll-off (RORO) terminals still heavily depend on human resources for the loading/unloading processes. Work operations are affected by human errors and safety issues. In particular, terminals where vehicles cannot be stacked pressure workers to handle cargo more rapidly, which induces more errors. In this study, we propose automating RORO terminal operations by using AGVs. We assessed the impact of AGVs on the productivity, cost efficiency, and environment. A series of simulation models was developed on the basis of the current loading system at an actual port to test the impact of AGVs. Then, we developed a cost model to analyze the economic benefit of AGVs compared with the current loading system. The environmental benefits were also analyzed. Results revealed that a system using 29 AGVs matched the productivity of the current loading system, and using more AGVs increased the productivity. For a given productivity level, the total operating cost of the AGV system was three times less than that of the current system over a 15-year period. The AGV system also showed great potential for improving the environmental friendliness of terminal operations. This is the first study to propose automating RORO terminal operations to improve productivity and sustainability through AGV technology rather than human factors. AGVs are expected to become a good option in the future to address labor shortages and the “untact” era.

Metrohm in deal for its handheld Raman

The security system firm Rapiscan Systems will offer its customers handheld Raman spectrometers from the instrument maker Metrohm. Rapiscan and its parent company, OSI Systems, provide scanning and screening equipment for airports, cargo terminals, and other controlled-entry gateways. The spectrometers are designed to rapidly identify unknown chemicals and materials. They can scan through most types of glass and plastic, eliminating the need to open suspicious containers for analysis.

How Blockchain and IoT-Based Decentralized System Solves ULD Rental Problem of Airlines

This study is devoted to ULD (Unit Load Device) rental among airlines and air cargo terminals at airports through data exchange. When airlines want to rent their partner airline's ULD, they use it after receiving data through its ULD inventory management system. This paper proposes a de-centralized ULD rental solution by combining blockchain technology and IoT (Internet of Things). The airline that wants to rent a partner airline's ULD checks the available inventory information before use and pays the amount according to the time of service. In addition, the smart contract specifies the remittance status to activate IoT on the ULD. Airlines that supply ULDs for partner airlines first create inventory information to provide services. Airlines that want to rent ULDs can check availability and remit rental costs according to usage time in cryptocurrency. The ULD rental service ends when the usage time is over. This ULD rental solution allows all airlines rent out their ULDs to partner airlines in real-time. Also, when a specific airport runs out of its own ULD, it is possible to overcome the difficulties of inventory shortage by renting the inventory of partner air-lines.

Choosing the best solutions for multimodal oil transportation

Background: to organize multimodal transportation and choose the best route option for fuel delivery, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for choosing the best solution from the considered ones. This is indicated in the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Railways Holding Company for the period up to 2025 and for the future of 2030 ("White Paper", where on pages 25-26 it is said about the need to develop new transport and logistics products and services in global transport chains in the development of multimodal transport and the need to develop and organize new multimodal freight transport). Federal Railway Administrations of the United States, page 127 of the White Paper, points to the need to improve the methodology of integrated multimodal transport planning at the global, national and regional levels, increase the demand for transport and logistics services, and transition to supply chain management. Aim: to develop a method for multi-criteria rationalization of the choice of multimodal transport routes with the possibility of considering hypothetical options. Materials and Methods: the fundamental works of leading scientists in the field of improving the efficiency of production in accordance with the needs of the economy in transportation A.V. Annenkov, P.B. Romanova were used. In the field of justification of decisions on cargo terminals, determining the volume of tank farms with the possibility of their expansion O.B. Malikov, V.N. Sapronov. The application of multi-criteria rationalization by comparing the criteria under consideration is given in the work of A.T. Osminin, which developed a scientifically based method aimed at creating analytical and control systems. In the field of risk analysis and assessment of the work of A.G. Kotenko. The works of A.Y. Akhriev, A.B. Egorov, A.A. Kalushin, V.N. Mirushkin, E.V. Pasyunin, and A.V. Savelyev were studied in the field of improving the optimization of the oil transshipment complex, and the works of M.A. Nazarov and O.M. Sergeeva in the segment of logistics of river and sea oil transportation. Results: it consists in improving the quality of solutions to problems in the transportation of liquid fuel by means of transport in multimodal communication based on the use of the developed method. The set of criteria considered in the method allows you to set and solve transport problems with almost no restrictions on complexity, which in each case allows you to get better results. Conclusion: Using the method in practice allows not only to objectively find the best solution from the considered ones, but also to study hypothetical transportation schemes with the possible construction of new tracks and their elements, and compare existing and new schemes by a set of criteria, including construction costs and payback time of new tracks, and as a result find the best solution to the task.

TEDARİK ZİNCİRİNDE KURU DÖKME VE GENEL YÜK TERMİNALLERİ: ALİAĞA İÇİN BİR DELPHI ÇALIŞMASI

Maritime transportation plays a vital role in the flow of various cargoes within a supply chain system. In this context, seaports have also started undertaking the provision of value-added services in the supply chain management, where logistics costs and service effectiveness are vital. Terminals that handle dry bulk cargoes which have low unit prices and high elasticity to transportation prices, and general cargoes that require different planning and management for almost each operation have significant roles in the chain as well. This study aims to determine and evaluate the role of dry bulk and general cargo terminals in the supply chain with the value-added logistic services by focusing on Aliağa Region. Delphi technique has been employed to shed light on the role of the dry bulk and general cargo terminals and manufacturers in the scope of supply-chain and logistics-based components. Findings indicate that service effectiveness is important as well as operational efficiency in such terminals and service characteristics should be improved to become more supply-chain oriented. Value-added services are considered as a differentiation factor where customers pay great attention.

Using discrete-event simulation to compare congestion management initiatives at a port terminal

This research compares the impact of infrastructure congestion management initiatives at a bulk cargo marine terminal on truck queuing and emissions. Researchers have studied the impact of individual congestion management initiatives in marine terminals extensively. However, limited research has been conducted to comparatively evaluate the impact of several initiatives. Furthermore, researchers have mainly focused on container terminals to the detriment of bulk cargo terminals even though bulk cargo marine terminals can face significant congestion challenges.A discrete-event simulation model of a bulk cargo marine terminal is developed in this research using empirical data collected from weighbridges and truck geo-positioning systems. The model is used to conduct a scenario analysis of several congestion management initiatives and assess their sensitivity to increasing terminal throughput. The performance indicators used are truck turnaround times, waiting times, turnaround time reliability, and engine idling emissions. The modelling results indicate that terminal appointment systems are one of the most effective congestion mitigation initiatives, reducing truck turnaround times by up to 65% and engine idling emissions by up to 80% compared to no intervention. The benefits accrued from terminal infrastructure expansions rival those of appointment systems only in high terminal throughput scenarios.This research contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting an approach that improves understanding of the differential impacts of congestion management initiatives on truck and environmental performance in bulk cargo marine terminals. For practitioners, this research presents congestion management considerations that balance the competitive operational, cost, and efficiency interests of individual port users with tactical and strategic concerns regarding environmental impacts.

Research on Automatic Control System of Bulk Terminal Based on Application

Due to the wide variety of cargo types, the shape of the cargo has caused great obstacles to the intelligent management of the bulk cargo terminal. Now most bulk cargo terminals operate in the traditional manual warehouse operation mode and data collection, but the traditional manual warehouse operation mode and data collection method have been difficult to meet the fast and accurate requirements of warehouse management. In this study, based on the key technical characteristics and existing problems of the bulk code automatic control system, combined with the requirements of the production site, the intelligent production prototype system of the bulk cargo terminal based on the mobile phone application is designed.Some unnecessary human involvement in the process can be reduced through the mobile phone application, so that the safety of production data is reliably guaranteed. The bulk cargo terminal application can manage inspection operations, maintenance operations, and on-site operations in real time, and can supervise the operations of field personnel in real time. The total capacity of equipment and cargo warehouses, as well as current inventory and cargo owner information can be intuitively applied through the application. This application can achieve intelligent management of the production operations of bulk terminals.