The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among career motivation, planned happenstance, career search self-efficacy, career adaptability, career maturity, and career exploration behavior. The empirical analysis revealed that, first, career resilience, career insight, and career identity of career motivation had a significant effect on career search self-efficacy. Second, curiosity, persistence, flexibility, optimism, and risk taking of planned happenstance had a significant effect on career search self-efficacy. Third, career search self-efficacy had an impact on career confidence, career control, career concern, and career curiosity of career adaptability. Fourth, career search self-efficacy had an impact on career maturity. Fifth, career confidence, career control, career concern, and career curiosity of career adaptability played a positive role in increasing career exploration behavior, while career confidence did not. Finally, career maturity had an impact on career exploration behavior. Implications and suggestions for the future were discussed.