Carbon Storage Values Research Articles

Valoración económica del secuestro y almacenamiento de carbono en la puna seca del suroeste del Perú

In the face of a global warming scenario, carbon capture and storage has become an international strategy to mitigate the effect of greenhouse gases. Oceans and Tropical forests are considered the largest carbon sinks in the world, however a few studies have evaluated the relative importance of other plant formations as carbon sinks in the Neotropical Region. This study documents the economic value of carbon capture and storage by five plant formations representative in the Puna Seca of southwestern Peru. Sampling plots were established to estimate the biomass contained in seedlings of Pajonal, Tolar, Bofedal, Yaretal and Quenual, in Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve (Arequipa, Peru). Later, carbon stored and carbon captured as CO2 was estimated. The Peruvian average carbon exchange price per ton of CO2 was used for the economic evaluation of environmental services. It was found that the Reserve contains at least 13,507,104.16 equivalent metric tons of CO2 worth U$D 86,310,395.58. Bofedal was the main vegetal formation that contributed in these values (52.48 %), in spite of being little represented in the total area of the Reserve (2.58 %). It is expected that the economic value obtained will serve as a frame of reference in decision-making for various purposes (environmental awareness, environmental management instruments, national accounting, among others).

Do ecological–economic tradeoffs triggered by budget allocations for forest carbon sequestration change under different market conditions?

We analyze how the optimal spatial budget distribution for protecting ecosystem services under two extreme market conditions results in different ecological–economic tradeoffs for balance between conservation and sustainable development. As a case study, we develop an empirical framework for the optimal spatial budget distribution given the objectives of maximizing forest carbon storage and maximizing total value added in the Central and Southern Appalachian Region. We consistently find concave efficient frontiers between carbon storage and total value added and differences in ecological–economic tradeoffs under two extreme market conditions in 2006 and 2011 for intra- and inter-generational sustainability. The former confirms previous findings of a concave tradeoff relationship, while the latter new finding suggests that balancing weights between the two objectives with preferences of decision makers can be effectively done depending on the market conditions. For example, if a conservation agency considers increasing the weight on either maximizing total value-added or maximizing forest carbon storage, the decision makers should consider the sacrifice of the other objective required by the optimal decision, which changes across market conditions. We also find that a conservation agency may want to consider the negative consequences on equity between rural and urban areas of increasing the weight on maximizing total value-added, regardless of the market condition.

Rapid Mangrove Forest Loss and Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans) Expansion in the Niger Delta, 2007–2017

Mangrove forests in the Niger Delta are very valuable, providing ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, fish nurseries, coastal protection, and aesthetic values. However, they are under threat from urbanization, logging, oil pollution, and the proliferation of the invasive Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans). However, there are no reliable data on the current extent of mangrove forest in the Niger Delta, its rate of loss, or the rate of colonization by the invasive Nipa Palm. Here, we estimate the area of Nipa Palm and mangrove forests in the Niger Delta in 2007 and 2017, using 567 ground control points, Advanced Land Observatory Satellite Phased Array L-band SAR (ALOS PALSAR), Landsat and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model 2000 (SRTM DEM). We performed the classification using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The classification results showed SVM (overall accuracy 93%) performed better than ML (77%). Producers (PA) and User’s accuracy (UA) for the best SVM classification were above 80% for most classes; however, these were considerably lower for Nipa Palm (PA—32%, UA—30%). We estimated a 2017 mangrove area of 801,774 ± 34,787 ha (±95% Confidence Interval) ha and Nipa Palm extent of 11,447 ± 7343 ha. Our maps show a greater landward extent than other reported products. The results indicate a 12% (7–17%) decrease in mangrove area and 694 (0–1304)% increase in Nipa Palm. Mapping efforts should continue for policy targeting and monitoring. The mangroves of the Niger Delta are clearly in grave danger from both rapid clearance and encroachment by the invasive Nipa Palm. This is of great concern given the dense carbon stocks and the value of these mangroves to local communities for generating fish stocks and protection from extreme events.

Carbono en biomasa aérea, sistema agroforestal de Theobroma cacao L. laboratorio natural, los laureles 2018

El estudio se realizó con la finalidad de determinar el carbono almacenado en biomasa aérea del sistema agroforestal (SAF) del laboratorio natural Los Laureles de URACCAN en la comunidad de Hormiguero, municipio de Siuna, en el cual se utilizó el método (no destructivo) mediante aplicación de porcentaje de carbono (50%) sobre la biomasa seca, sugerido por Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Winrock International, La Organización de Naciones Unidas – Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries. El estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal.El sistema agroforestal es secuencial, con una extensión de 2.84 ha, en el cual se realizó un inventario al 100% de árboles forestales y frutales; sin embargo, en el cacao se realizó un muestro con una intensidad de 8.45% distribuyendo 12 parcelas rectangulares de 10 por 20 m distribuidas sistemáticamente a un distanciamiento de 48.65 m entre parcela. El Sistema tiene una biomasa aérea de 10.35 toneladas (t), distribuidas de la siguiente manera: árboles frutales, 0.44 t.; especies forestales, 4.70 t. y cacao, 5.21 t. Es una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal.El sistema agroforestal como banco de almacenamiento de carbono hasta el momento de la recolección de datos tenía 1.44 t carbono por hectárea (C/ha) acumuladas en biomasa aérea de especies forestales y frutales; por otro lado, el componente cacao en su biomasa aérea posee 1.47 t C/ha, con un total de 2.91 t C/ha. El valor económico ambiental del almacenamiento de carbono en el laboratorio natural Los Laureles es de $53.36 por hectárea.

Monetary Valuation of Carbon Storage of the Forests: A Case of the Örümcek Forest in Turkey

Global climate change has become more important than ever in last decades. Increased concentration of greenhouse gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere is considered as the primary cause of global warming which impacts and changes the global climate. Among the greenhouse gases, the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on global warming is significantly higher than any other greenhouse gases mainly due to its abundance in the atmosphere. It has been determined by the international global climate organizations that the most effective way to combat climate change is to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Forests as terrestrial ecosystems have an important role in the storage of CO2. In recent decades, the importance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests has been increasing regarding with economic value of carbon storage function. Therefore, the monetary valuation of the carbon stored by the forests has become an extremely important issue. In this study, it was aimed to calculate the carbon storage capacity of a sample forest and estimate its economic value. The study was implemented in Örümcek Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Gümüşhane in Turkey. The amount of carbon storage was calculated by using the allometric carbon models previously developed for tree species exist in the study area. Then, the economic value of carbon storage was estimated based on the amount of forest products extracted from the FEC between 2005 and 2017, the unit sale prices of the products, and total costs of associated activities over the years. The results indicated that the economic value of carbon stored by the forests was found to be 40.2 TRY per ton. Even though this value cannot be generalized and it is valid specifically for the forest and economic conditions in Örümcek FEC, the results in general highlight the significance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests in terms of their economic assess, which is important for the forestry sector in many countries as well as in Turkey.

Stand structure and carbon storage of Bukit Lawang’s tropical rain forest of Gunung Leuser National Park

Deforestation and forest degradation are the main contributors to climate change. Changes in the structure and composition of forests affect the value of biomass and carbon storages. Bukit Lawang’s tropical rainforest of Gunung Leuser National Park which has great potential is not only a habitat for key species, namely the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) but also has other biodiversity values. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure and to estimate the value of standing carbon storage of the forest. The vegetation structure was analyzed by the line transect method and the estimation of biomass and carbon storage values was carried out using an allometric model. Distribution of diameter classes is dominated by trees in the 30-50 cm diameter class, with B strata dominated by Aglaia tomentosa tree species. The value of standing biomass is 523.2-562.2 t/ha, carbon storage is 261.6-281.1 t C/ha and the amount of CO2 gas absorbed is 960.0-1,031.6 t CO2/ha. The results indicate that it is necessary to do better forest management ecosystems in Bukit Lawang to improve and maintain the ecological and economic functions of these ecosystems in order to support the implementation of REDD + in efforts to mitigate climate change in Indonesia.

Spatiotemporal pattern of trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ecosystem services in an arid inland river basin in NW China

Ecosystem services (ES) are essential for the well-being of humans, and their measurement is an effective approach for estimating regional sustainability. In this study, the Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region (JJR) was selected as a typical arid inland river basin. Four key ES in 2000 and 2010, such as, food provision, carbon storage, soil conservation, and water retention, were calculated by using several models. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ES were interpreted. And the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ES at different scales were analyzed by using correlation. In addition, the hot spot areas of ES were identified by using hot spot analysis. The results showed that the annual average value of food provision per unit area in grassland and water areas increased by 8.74 and 0.45 kJ m−2 year−1, respectively from 2000 to 2010, whereas, on the cultivated land, the annual average value of food provision per unit area decreased from 2522.42 kJ m−2 year−1 in 2000 to 2115.35 kJ m−2 year−1 in 2010. The annual average value of carbon storage per unit area, the annual average value of soil retention per unit area and the annual average value of water retention per unit area increased by 0.38%, 84% and 147.5%, respectively from 2000 to 2010. The spatial distribution patterns indicated that the regions with high food provision values were mainly distributed in the Suzhou District and Jiayuguan City in the central and eastern regions of the study area. The overall distribution trend of carbon storage was stronger in the central and southeastern regions of the study area, but weaker in the north. Soil conservation increased gradually from the west to the east of the study area. At the county scale, most of ES showed a synergistic relationship, particularly between food-carbon and water-carbon. At the regional scale, there was a trade-off between food provision and soil conservation, and between water conservation and soil conservation. In addition, the spatial patterns of the ES hot spots indicated that the service areas of Class 0, class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 accounted for 58.50%, 25.20%, 11.68%, 4.59%, and 0.03% of the total area, respectively. This study may be helpful for understanding the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ES in arid inland river basins. It may also contribute to multiple integrated planning, services interaction over management of a single service, and identify compatible services to provide win-win management options in the future.

A Nondestructive, Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of the Economic Value of Aboveground Temperate Forest Biomass (Case Study: Hyrcanian Forests, Nowshahr-Iran)

ABSTRACT Background: Traditional field-based methods of measurement of biomass and carbon storage face difficulty in collecting time-consuming and expensive, suggests the use of remote sensing-based techniques. It estimates the economic value of the aboveground biomass (AGB) using satellite remote sensing across the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Methods: The Landsat-8 OLI sensor data were combined with field-based allometric information of 186 circular sample plots. The AGB was calculated at the plot level using the collected data and specific volumetric mass for species in the studied area. It was followed by calculating the carbon storage using a 50% carbon coefficient and the photosynthesis equation at the forest parcel level. Model results using the random forest and support vector machines. The carbon sequestration value was calculated with USD 25.3 as a shadow value of carbon in 2014 and using the replacement cost approach. Results: The highest performances achieved by RF for biomass, carbon storage and the carbon storage value (Iranian Rials of 0.67% and 16%, respectively). The value was derived once at the plot level of 12.22 million IRR (370.43 USD) per ha. In addition, at the parcel level, which resulted in an estimated value of 12.87 million IRR (390.24 USD) per ha.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis Model Based on NPV Methods and Full Life Cycle of Land Use Projects

If you realize that your sweet house will damage the ecosystem, you must be amazed. In fact, most land use projects around us affect ecosystem services directly and even result in environmental degradation. The environmental cost has caused a reduction in economic benefits presumably, nonetheless, which has never attracted enough academic attention. To show the real economic cost of land use projects, we establish an ecological services valuation model based on the governance cost method. When assessing the environmental costs caused by pollution, we evaluate the paid economic costs for the pollution control and the virtual cost that should have been paid for pollution abatement. When assessing the costs caused by non-pollution factors, we compute the economic value of regional ecosystem service value according to Costanza indicator system and the value of localized carbon storage and carbon sequestration based on the INVEST model.

P.259 Development of a psycho-educational program to improve interpersonal forgiveness in college students

Urban ecosystem services are generated in a diverse set of natural and managed urban green areas, including parks, urban forests, cemeteries, vegetated corridors, vacant lots, gardens, yards, and campus areas. Private gardens are generally undervalued for the ecosystem services they provide along with the other urban green areas.This paper aims to calculate three regulating ecosystem services; runoff retention, carbon storage and sequestration generated by the Ege University Rectorship Garden, which is one of the few former Levantine gardens remaining in the highly urbanized Bornova district in İzmir. The carbon storage and sequestration capacity of the trees in the area was calculated based on allometric equations. Runoff retention was computed by using the SCS-CN method. Findings show that pervious surfaces cover approximately two-thirds of the garden with 1203 trees. The estimated carbon storage of both the above and below-ground parts of the trees in the garden is 648.25 t. The total annual carbon sequestration rate is estimated to be 7.87 t year−1 (0.10 kg m−2). The potential storm water runoff value was predicted to be approximately 7,018.9 m3. This indicates that the garden has a high value of runoff retention and substantial capacity carbon storage and sequestration.It can be concluded that private gardens and associated ecosystem services in urban landscapes can play an important role in enhancing the quality of life in cities. Therefore, an integral approach is needed where all types of green areas are planned and managed in a systematic way, so that they can provide maximum services.

The value of hydrogen and carbon capture, storage and utilisation in decarbonising energy: Insights from integrated value chain optimisation

There is increasing interest in carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen-based technologies for decarbonising energy systems and providing flexibility. However, the overall value of these technologies is vigorously debated. Value chain optimisation can determine how carbon dioxide and hydrogen technologies will fit into existing value chains in the energy and chemicals sectors and how effectively they can assist in meeting climate change targets. This is the first study to model and optimise the integrated value chains for carbon dioxide and hydrogen, providing a whole-system assessment of the role of CCUS and hydrogen technologies within the energy system. The results show that there are opportunities for CCUS to decarbonise existing power generation capacity but long-term decarbonisation and flexibility can be achieved at lower cost through renewables and hydrogen storage. Methanol produced from carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) becomes profitable at a price range of £72–102/MWh, compared to a current market price of about £52/MWh. However, this remains well below existing prices for transport fuels, so there is an opportunity to displace existing fuel demands with CCU products. Nonetheless, the scope for decarbonisation from these CCU pathways is small. For investment in carbon capture and storage to become attractive, additional drivers such as decarbonisation of industry and negative emissions policies are required. The model and the insights presented in this paper will be valuable to policymakers and investors for assessing the potential value of the technologies considered and the policies required to incentivise their uptake.

The potential of carbon deposits to residual stand in Tongkonan lembang Buri’ garden of Tana Toraja

Home garden is one of the traditional farming systems consisting of the composition of annual plants and seasonal crops. Tongkonan garden is one of the traditional farming systems that can be found in Toraja, specifically Tana Toraja, Rembon District. With the tree composition, Tongkonan garden is also able to absorb carbon and reduce CO2 emissions from the air. This study aims to determine the carbon storage at Tongkonan Garden in Lembang Buri’. The sample plot was using the method proposed by Matthew Delaney, which was to select ten plot of Tongkonan Garden with a size of 25 × 25 m. The sample plot based on purposive sampling method with consideration of having many trees in the Tongkonan Garden stand. Each of which was divided into eight subplots, namely four subplots in each corner of the Tongkonan Garden and four subplots in the middle, each of which has a diameter of 8 m. To find out the value of tree biomass, using the allometric equation by measuring the diameter of trees at breast height and measuring tree height specifically for palm species. Measurements of litter biomass and undergrowth were carried out in 1 x 1 m subplots of 3 times in the sample plot. The results showed that the average value of carbon storage in trees was 37,031 tons/ha (98,239%), undergrowth 0,246 tons/ha (0,652%) and litter 0,418 tons/ha (1,110%).

The impacts of climate change on ecosystem services in southern California

Climate change is projected to impact ecosystem functioning, however its effect on the provision of ecosystem services is uncertain. This is particularly relevant on federal lands which harbor extensive tracts of natural vegetation. We assessed change in four ecosystem services (water runoff, groundwater recharge, carbon storage, and biodiversity) and one disservice (sediment export) in southern California between current and end-of-century (2070–2099). We used five general circulation models ranging from warmer wetter (CNRM-CM5, CCSM4) to hotter, marginally drier (IPSL-CM5A-LR) to hotter drier (FGOALS-g2, MIROC-ESM) under RCP8.5. We found greatest projected change in water runoff, from an increase of 127% under a warmer wetter GCM to a decrease of −60% under a hotter drier future. Carbon storage is projected to change the least, from an increase of 52% to a decrease of −31% across GCMs. We also determined that one-third of high biodiversity areas are threatened by high change in climatic water deficit. We estimated the current monetized annual value of sediment removal costs to be $172 million per year and the economic value of carbon storage as $7.5 billion. Understanding the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services can help develop climate-smart strategies for the sustainable management of natural resources.

Utilization of CO2 to reduce environmental impact of diluted bitumen transportation and improve economics of CCS operations

Environmental impact and economics of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and bitumen transportation are among the major challenges of oil sands operations. We propose and assess a new approach to address these important challenges by using diluted bitumen (DilBit) as a carrier for large-scale CO2 transportation. The proposed approach provides a unique prospect to significantly reduce the cost of CO2 transportation from the carbon capture and storage (CCS) value chain, facilitate more efficient detection of DilBit spills from pipelines, utilize CO2, and improve public perception of both oil sands and CCS operations. These opportunities will offer the possibility of sustaining access to oil resources while reducing environmental impact and improving the economics of CCS and oil sands operations. Through experimental measurements, we have shown that 80–200 kg of CO2 per m3 of DilBit can be dissolved and transported. We also report simulation results from the simultaneous transportation of DilBit and CO2 and DilBit spill detection through monitoring concentration of leaked CO2.

CARBON STORAGE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN NORTH SULAWESI AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces that implements national / regional action plan (RAN / RAD) policies as part of a national effort to climate change mitigation. One of the land-based mitigation activities in North Sulawesi is to measure and monitore biomass and carbon stocks in forests including coastal forests where the measurement area is still limited. In 2013-2015, Blue Carbon Research Group conducted research in four locations in North Sulawesi, which aims to analyze the ecological conditions and the ability of coastal ecosystems, especially mangrove in sequestering carbon. Study sites situated in Ratatotok - Southeast Minahasa Regency, Kema - North Minahasa Regency, Lembeh Island – Bitung City and Sangihe Island – Sangihe Regency. A total of 17 species identified where B. gymnorrhiza, R. mucronata and S. alba found in all locations. Species diversity ranges from low to moderate, where species distribution is uneven. Carbon storage capacity is equal to 343.85 Mg C ha-1 in Ratatotok, 254,35 Mg C ha-1 in Lembeh, 387,95 Mg C ha-1 in Kema and 594,83 Mg C ha-1 in Sangihe. More than 59% of carbon storage are in the sediment. The average value of carbon storage in the four research sites is 456,86 Mg C ha-1 or 5,70 Tg C after converted to a total area of mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi. The value is equal to absorption of atmospheric CO2 by 20.70 Tg CO2e. Potential emission due to changes in mangrove conversion reach 0.42 Tg CO2e. Efforts to increase the contribution of reducing North Sulawesi emissions can be achieved by implementing emission reduction interventions through the rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.

Allometric biomass equations of Larix sibirica in the Altay Mountains, Northwest China

Boreal forests are important carbon sinks and have tremendous potential to mitigate climate change. Aboveground biomass of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stands in the Altay Mountains, Northwest China was studied and allometric equations that are related to the biomass of aboveground components using diameter at breast height (DBH) or both DBH and height (H) as independent variables for L. sibirica trees were derived in this paper. A linear simultaneous equation system by using either DBH or both DBH and H (DBH&H) indices, was used to ensure additivity of the biomass of individual tree components, and was fitted for L. sibirica. Model performance was validated using the jackknifing test. Results indicate that the goodness-of-fit for the regressions was lowest for the needles (R2 ranging from 0.696 to 0.756), and highest for the stem wood (R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.997) and the aggregated biomass components (R2 ranging from 0.994 to 0.995). The coefficient of determination for each component was only marginally improved in terms of model fit and performance in the biomass equations that used DBH&H as the independent variables compared to that used DBH as the independent variable, and needles yielded an even worse fit. Stem biomass accounted for the largest proportion (87%) of the aboveground biomass. Based on the additive equations that used DBH as the single predicitor in this study, the mean aboveground carbon stock density and the carbon storage values of L. sibirica forests were 74.07 Mg C/hm2 and 30.69 Tg C, respectively, in the Altay Mountains. Empirical comparisons of published equations for the same species growing in the Altay Mountains of Mongolia were also presented. The mean aboveground carbon stock density estimated for L. sibirica forests was higher in the Chinese Altay Mountains than in the Mongolian Altay Mountains (66.00 Mg C/hm2).

Valuing Blue Carbon Changes in the Arctic Ocean

The ocean capacity to store carbon is crucial, and currently absorbs about 25% CO2 supply to the atmosphere. The ability to store carbon has an economic value, but such estimates are not common for ocean environments, and not yet estimated for the Arctic Ocean. With the severe climatic changes in the Arctic Ocean, impacting sea ice and potentially the vertical carbon transport mechanisms, a projection of future changes in Arctic Ocean carbon storage is also of interest. In order to value present and evolving carbon storage in the changing Arctic marine environment we combine an ocean model with an economic analysis. Placing a value on these changes helps articulate the importance of the carbon storage service to society. The standing stock and fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon from the atmosphere, rivers, shelves and through the gateways linking to lower latitudes, and to the deep of the Arctic Ocean are investigated using the physically-chemically-biologically coupled SINMOD model. To obtain indications of the effect of climate change, trajectories of two IPCC climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 from the Max Planck Institute were used for the period 2006-2099. The results show an increase in the net carbon storage in the Arctic Ocean in this time period to be 1.0% and 2.3% in the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. Most of this increase is caused by an increased atmospheric CO2 uptake until 2070. The continued increase in inorganic carbon storage between 2070 and 2099 results from increased horizontal influx from lower latitude marine regions. First estimates of carbon storage values in the Arctic Ocean are calculated using the social cost of carbon and carbon market values as two outer bounds from 2019 to 2099, based on the simulated scenarios. We find the Arctic Ocean will over the time period studied increase its storage of carbon to a value of between €27.6 billion and €1 trillion. This paper clearly neglects a multitude of different negative consequences of climate change in the Arctic, but points to the fact that there are also some positive counterbalancing effects.

Spatial distribution of forest carbon storage in Maoershan region, Northeast China based on geographically weighted regression kriging model.

Forest carbon storage has important impacts on climate change. The previous models do not take into consideration of the inherent spatial correlation structure of residual and non-stationary of forest carbon storage which limits the prediction accuracy. Based on ETM+ remotely sensed imagery and 193 fixed plots of Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University, we established the geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK) model between forest carbon storage and extracted factors from remotely sensed imagery and topographic factors. The prediction accuracy of GWRK, ordinary least square (OLS) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were compared. The results showed that the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of GWRK were lower than those of OLS and GWR models, while the mean error (ME) of GWRK model was lower than that of GWR model and was close to that of OLS model. The prediction accuracy of GWRK model was 83.2%, which was 6% and 10% higher than that of OLS model (73.7%) and GWR model (77.3%). Therefore, the GWRK model was more effective in estimating forest carbon storage than the others. The mean value of forest carbon storage predicted by GWRK model was 70.31 t·hm-2. The relatively high values presented in high altitude area, indicating that altitude had a great impact on forest carbon storage.

KOMPOSISI DAN CADANGAN KARBON EKOSISTEM MANGROVE TELUK BONE, KOTA PALOPO

Carbon storage at mangrove ecosystem is one of the largest compared between any vegetated ecosystem. Palopo City is one of the cities bordering teh Gulf of Bone and still have secondary mangrove ecosystem. This ecosystem become a good vegetated area which can provide environmental services in the form of CO2 uptake around Palopo City. This study aimed to analyze carbon storage at mangrove ecosystem at Palopo City. Furthermore, the value of carbon storage converted to CO2-eq value which described uptake at mangrove ecosystem. Method of this research is non destructive sampling and used existing allometric equations. Data collection carried out by measuring tree diameter in sampling plot 25 × 25 m with space between plot is 100 m. Result of this study showed that average of above ground carbon is 82.34±16.92 ton/ha equal to 301.90±62.03 ton/ha CO2-eq. The sequestration of CO2 based on each mangrove species at study area is Avicenia marina 55.26 ton/ha, Rhizophora apiculata 497.13 ton/ha, Rhizophora mucronata 2259.49 ton/ha, Rhizophora spp. 1975.62 ton/ha, Sonneratia alba 4268.43 ton/ha, Xylocarpus granatum 1.19 ton/ha.

Assessing Lisbon Trees’ Carbon Storage Quantity, Density, and Value Using Open Data and Allometric Equations

Urban population has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to an increase of CO2 emissions and consequently contributing on a large scale to climate change. Urban trees are fundamental to mitigating CO2 emissions as they incorporate carbon in their biomass. It becomes necessary to understand and measure urban tree carbon storage. In this paper is studied the potential of open data to measure the quantity, density, and value of carbon stored by the seven most represented urban trees in the city of Lisbon. To compute carbon storage, the seven most represented urban tree species were selected from an open database acquired from an open data portal of the city of Lisbon. Through allometric equations, it was possible to compute the trees’ biomass and calculate carbon storage quantity, density, and value. The results showed that the tree species Celtis australis is the species that contributes more to carbon storage. Central parishes of the city of Lisbon present higher-density values of carbon storage when compared with the border parishes despite the first ones presenting low-to-medium values of carbon storage quantity and value. Trees located in streets, present higher values of carbon storage, when compared with trees located in schools and green areas. Finally, the potential usage of this information to build a decision-support dashboard for planning green infrastructures was demonstrated.