Carbon Storage Values Research Articles

Projected 21st‐century distribution of canopy‐forming seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change

AbstractAimClimate change is predicted to alter the distribution and abundance of marine species, including canopy‐forming seaweeds which provide important ecosystem functions and services. We asked whether continued warming will affect the distribution of six common canopy‐forming species: mid‐intertidal fucoids (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus), low‐intertidal Irish moss (Chondrus crispus), subtidal laminarian kelps (Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata) and the invasive Codium fragile.LocationNorthwest Atlantic.MethodsWe used occurrence records and the correlative presence‐only species distribution model Maxent to determine present‐day distribution. This distribution was compared to each species’ warm‐water physiological thresholds indicating areas of stable or reduced growth and mortality. Present‐day models were then projected to mid‐century (2040–2050) and end‐century (2090–2100) using two contrasting carbon emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and 8.5) and two global climate models from CMIP5 based on changes in ocean temperatures.ResultsProjected range shifts were minimal under low emissions (RCP2.6), but substantial species‐specific range shifts were projected under high emissions (RCP8.5), with all species except C. fragile predicted to experience a northward shift in their southern (warm) edge of ≤406 km by the year 2100. Northward expansions outweighed southern extirpations for fucoids and C. crispus leading to overall range expansions, while range contractions were projected for kelps and C. fragile. Model projections generally agreed with physiological thresholds but were more conservative suggesting that range shifts for kelps may be underpredicted.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the benefits to be gained from strong climate change mitigation (RCP2.6), which would limit changes in rocky shore community distribution and composition. The business‐as‐usual RCP8.5 scenario projected major range shifts, seaweed community reorganization and transitions in dominant species south of Newfoundland by 2100 (~47°N). As canopy‐forming seaweeds provide essential habitat, carbon storage, nutrient cycling and commercial value, understanding their response to continued climate warming is critical to inform coastal management and conservation planning.

Carbon stored by furnishing wood-based products: An Italian case study

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is constantly rising, with severe effects on global climate change. To mitigate impacts of climate change, the role of forest in terms of carbon sequestration are well-known as trees naturally pull CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow. Contrarily, only recently the carbon mitigation value of wood-based products in buildings has been recognized. Buildings are a fundamental sector for wood-based products, both in terms of volume and service life length. In particular, furnishings in housing include high quantities of wood-based products; they are usually made, partly or entirely, by solid wood or by wood-based panels such as plywood, particleboard and medium density fiberboard. These wood furnishings store biogenic carbon during their service life. In this context, the present study investigated the amount of carbon stored by furnishing wood-based products for an apartment in Torino, Italy. The overall amount, determined according to European Standard, resulted in 3531 kg of CO2-equivalents stored. This corresponds to 45,8 kg/m2 of indoor walkable area; simulating lower and higher intensity usages of wood-based products provided carbon storage values of 35,1 and 55,3 kg/m2, respectively. On the whole, the present study gave an order of magnitude of the role played in carbon storage by furnishing wood-based products in building and illustrates their relevance in mitigating climate change. Keywords: Building, carbon mitigation value, climate change, furnishing, wood

三工河流域琵琶柴群落凋落物对土壤有机碳固定的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 三工河流域琵琶柴群落凋落物对土壤有机碳固定的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201806301443 作者: 作者单位: 贵州大学动物科学学院,中国科学院植物研究所,贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州省草地技术试验推广站,贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 贵州省科技厅-贵州大学联合基金项目（黔科合LH字[2017]7288号）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（31700390） Effects of litter on soil organic carbon fixation in Reaumuria soongorica communities in the Sangong River basin Author: Affiliation: College of Animal Science, Guizhou University,,,,,,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土壤有机碳是土壤碳库的重要组成部分，对生态系统生产力和全球碳循环有着重要作用。采用凋落物收集器和DIRT法（添加和去除凋落物法）研究三工河流域两处不同琵琶柴群落凋落物的产量、现存量、凋落物处理对土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明：群落1和群落2的凋落物产量季节变化趋势相同，均呈"N "型变化，在10月份达到最大值，7月或8月份达到次大值。凋落物现存量随季节均呈现" W"型变化，在10月份达到最大值，最大值分别为30.65 g/m2和57.87 g/m2。土壤有机碳随土壤深度的增加均逐渐降低，群落1和群落2分别下降了61.73%-62.39%和18.24%-25.84%。与对照处理相比，去除凋落物处理（NL）的群落1和群落2土壤有机碳分别降低了6.97%和18.38%；添加凋落物处理（DL）的土壤有机碳分别增加了19.64%和13.66%；去除凋落物处理（NL）的群落1和群落2土壤有机碳储量分别为1007.36 kg/hm2和709.30 kg/hm2，添加凋落物处理（DL）的土壤有机碳储量分别为1197.88 kg/hm2和1010.78 kg/hm2。双因素方差分析表明群落1的土层深度和三种处理对土壤有机碳的交互作用不显著，群落2的交互作用显著。回归分析显示：土壤水分、电导率、pH、容重和温度是导致两琵琶柴群落土壤有机碳不同的主要生态因子。相对较高的土壤pH和盐分含量抑制了凋落物的分解，导致凋落物现存量较高、土壤有机碳含量低；相对较高的土壤含水量和较小的容重，有利于土壤生物的活性和土壤有机碳的矿化，导致土壤有机碳含量降低。 Abstract:Soil organic carbon is an important component of the soil carbon pool,and plays a key role in ecosystem productivity and the global carbon cycle. In this research,litter removal and detritus input treatment (DIRT) methods were used to study the litter productivity,litter amount,and effects of different litter treatments on the soil organic carbon in two Reaumuria soongarica communities in the Sangong River Basin. The results showed that the litter productivities of two communities had almost identical seasonal changes;they reached their second-maximum and maximum values in July (August) and October,and both showed "N" distributions. The litter amount also presented similar seasonal change trends;both showed "W" distributions,and reached their maximum values of 30.65 g/m2 and 57.87 g/m2 in October,respectively. The soil organic carbon content gradually reduced with soil depth;Community 1 and Community 2 decreased by 61.73%-62.39% and 18.24%-25.84%,respectively. The average soil organic carbon content of Community 1 and Community 2 was reduced by 6.97% and 18.38% by the litter removal treatment (no litter,NL),and increased by 19.64% and 13.66% by the litter treatment (double litter,DL),respectively. The soil organic carbon storage values of Community 1 and Community 2 were 1007.36 kg/hm2 and 709.30 kg/hm2 after NL treatment,and 1197.88 kg/hm2 and 1010.78 kg/hm2 after DL treatment,respectively. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the interaction of soil organic carbon between the soil depths and three litter treatments was significant in Community 2,but not Community 1. Regression analysis showed that soil properties were determinants of the differences in soil organic carbon between the two communities. The relatively high litter amount and low soil organic carbon content were attributed to the high soil pH and salt content, which inhibited litter decomposition. Otherwise,the relatively high soil water content and low soil bulk density promoted both soil organism activity and soil organic carbon mineralization,which led to the decrease in soil organic carbon content. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Meeting global land restoration and protection targets: What would the world look like in 2050?

Land restoration has received increased attention recently as a tool to counteract negative externalities of unsustainable land management on human well-being. This is reflected in targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework of the Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). However, the implications of these targets for land use, especially considering their potential conflict with growing food production demands, are largely unexplored. We study the potential and aggregated consequences of meeting these targets on land cover and land system change. We do so by analyzing targets originating from these global commitments towards land restoration and protection and implement them in a global land system change model. We compare this Restoration and Protection scenario with simulation results of two plausible pathways of socio-economic development in the absence of these targets, following the Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) storylines. We find that meeting global land restoration and protection targets would increase global tree cover by 4 million km², increasing forest carbon stocks by 50 Gt and protecting 28% of the terrestrial area with the highest value of both biodiversity and carbon storage. Gains in tree cover and natural land systems would cause a contraction of crop, pasture- and bare land. This results in further cropland intensification and the expansion of land systems that are combining land use demands in mosaics of forest and agriculture. Without these targets, land system architecture tends to become more specialized, while many carbon and biodiversity hotspots, such as in the Americas, India, and Indonesia would be lost. Grassland-agriculture mosaics were threatened by land use change under all scenarios, requiring greater consideration in research and environmental policy. Our results emphasize the need for targeted land management in line with the analyzed policy targets if global restoration and protection targets are to be achieved.

Alternatives for reducing the environmental impact of an ammonia production plant adjacent to a coastal lagoon in the southeastern Gulf of California

There is an increasing demand for N-fertilizers and the manufacture of N-products worldwide. In Mexico, ammonia production is being promoted by the government, but this development is associated with several environmental impacts. This study examines the causes, effects and mitigation alternatives related to the installation and operation of an ammonia production plant adjacent to a coastal lagoon. A multiplicity of causes (and effects) was identified: water suction (elimination of plankton and larvae), effluent discharge (thermal contamination, salinization, and the effects of chlorine), and the conversion of wetlands (loss of habitat and nursery areas, biodiversity, fishery benefits, retention of contaminants, coastal stabilization, carbon storage and aesthetic value). At present, it is estimated that wetlands (9146 ha mangroves + 22,641 ha others) in the Ohuira-Topolobampo lagoon sustain the production of 3000 t live weight of seafood catches per year, implying that the conversion of 126 ha of wetlands could represent for fishermen a catch reduction of 11.9–41.3 t of shellfish per year and a decrease in the annual retention load of up 0.52 kg Cd, 41.0 kg Cu, 0.40 kg Hg, 280 kg Pb, 88.2 t P and 75.6 t N by wetland sediments. To mitigate the environmental effects associated with the installation and operation of the plant, the following is recommended: (i) afforestation of an equivalent area (126 ha), (ii) installation of an exclusion system for fauna to avoid the incidental capture of plankton and larvae, (iii) the use of cooling towers, and (iv) the selection of an appropriate discharge point for the effluent. A list of fauna and flora of the lagoon, as well as environmental services that could be compromised and affected by the operation of the ammonia production plant, is presented. This study is the first to analyze and document such effects and mitigation options related to land conversion and water management, providing useful information for decision makers.

Carbon storage dynamics of temperate freshwater wetlands in Pennsylvania

Healthy wetlands play a significant role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon that would otherwise contribute to global warming, leading to the reduction of water and food resources as well as more extreme weather phenomena. Investigating the magnitude of carbon storage potential of different freshwater wetland systems using multiple ecological indicators at varying spatial scales provides insight and justification for selective wetland restoration and conservation initiatives. We provide a holistic accounting of total carbon values for 193 wetland sites, integrating existing carbon algorithms to rapidly assess each of the following carbon pools: above-ground, below-ground, soil, woody debris, shrub cover, and herbaceous cover. Aspects of soil, vegetation, and ecosystem characteristics and stressors were measured to obtain an overall understanding of the ecosystems ability to store carbon (long-term) along a gradient of human disturbance. Based on a review of the literature, methods were prioritized based on the initial data available from field measurements as well as their practicality and ease in replicating the process in the future. Lacustrine human impounded (88.7 ± 18.0 tC/ha), riverine beaver impounded (116.2 ± 29.4 tC/ha), riverine upper perennial (163.3 ± 11.8 tC/ha), riverine lower perennial (199.2 ± 24.7 tC/ha), riverine headwater complex (159.5 ± 22.2 tC/ha), perennial/seasonal depression (269.6 ± 42.4 tC/ha), and slope (162.2 ± 14.6 tC/ha) wetland types were compared. Overall results showed moderate variability (9.33–835.95 tC/ha) for total carbon storage values across the wetland types, with an average total carbon storage of 174.6 ± 8.8 tC/ha for all wetlands. Results show that carbon storage was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in least disturbed wetland sites. Apart from perennial/seasonal depression wetlands, all reference standard wetlands had greater carbon storage, less disturbance impact, and a greater extent of forest cover than non-reference wetlands. Carbon storage values calculated were comparable to published literature.

Assessing regulating ecosystem services provided by the Ege University Rectorship Garden

Urban ecosystem services are generated in a diverse set of natural and managed urban green areas, including parks, urban forests, cemeteries, vegetated corridors, vacant lots, gardens, yards, and campus areas. Private gardens are generally undervalued for the ecosystem services they provide along with the other urban green areas.This paper aims to calculate three regulating ecosystem services; runoff retention, carbon storage and sequestration generated by the Ege University Rectorship Garden, which is one of the few former Levantine gardens remaining in the highly urbanized Bornova district in İzmir. The carbon storage and sequestration capacity of the trees in the area was calculated based on allometric equations. Runoff retention was computed by using the SCS-CN method. Findings show that pervious surfaces cover approximately two-thirds of the garden with 1203 trees. The estimated carbon storage of both the above and below-ground parts of the trees in the garden is 648.25 t. The total annual carbon sequestration rate is estimated to be 7.87 t year−1 (0.10 kg m−2). The potential storm water runoff value was predicted to be approximately 7,018.9 m3. This indicates that the garden has a high value of runoff retention and substantial capacity carbon storage and sequestration.It can be concluded that private gardens and associated ecosystem services in urban landscapes can play an important role in enhancing the quality of life in cities. Therefore, an integral approach is needed where all types of green areas are planned and managed in a systematic way, so that they can provide maximum services.

Afforestation/Reforestation Based on Gmelina Arborea (Verbenaceae) in Tropical Africa: Floristic and Structural Analysis, Carbon Storage and Economic Value (Cameroon)

<p><em>The study was carried out in three selected plantations. Sampling was made infive 100x20 m<sup>2</sup> plots per site. Overall, 32 species, 36 genera and 17 families were surveyed. Hymenocardia acida, Combretum adenogonium, Daniellia oliveri, Entada africana, Terminalia macroptera, T. laxiflora, Lannea schimperi, Lophira lanceolata, Maytenus senegalensis, Ochna schweinfurthiana, Protea madiensis, Psorospermum senegalense, Piliostigma thonningii, Sarcocephalus latifolius and</em><em> </em><em>Securidaca longepedunculata</em><em> </em><em>were the most important species. The richness index ranged from 2.53±0.05-7.74±0.03. Shannon index was 3 in all sites.</em><em> </em><em>Density ranged from 98±2.01-253±10.23 stems/ha. Basal area was statistically significant among the sites (p<0.001). All sites were floristically similar (k>70 %). The vertical structure showed three types of figures; L shape, symmetrical bell shape and unsymmetrical bell shape. These structures confirmed a good regeneration of timbers in the sites.</em><em> </em><em>There was a positive correlation of the species dispersal in the sites (p<0.001). The amount of AGB was 23.50±0.38 t C/ha. The amount of C sequestration was</em><em> </em><em>86.28±16.57 t</em><em> </em><em>CO<sub>2eq</sub>/ha. The ecosystem service payments ranged between 258.87±24.88-8629.25±248.16 €/ha with the lowest values for CDM price and the highest for REDD+price.</em><em> </em><em>A financing of such projects is required in the frame of creating adaptation and attenuation measures to global warming effects.</em></p>

Organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Quercus glauca forest at Gotjawal wetland, Jeju Island, Korea

BackgroundThis study was conducted from March 2011 to February 2013 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value by examining the organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Quercus glauca forest, evergreen oak community at Seonheul-Gotjawal, Jeju Island.ResultsThe amount of organic carbon distribution was 124.5 ton C ha− 1 in 2011 and 132.63 ton C ha− 1 in 2012 for aboveground biomass. And it was 31.13 ton C ha− 1 in 2011 and 33.16 ton C ha− 1 in 2012 for belowground biomass. In total, the amount of organic carbon distribution in plants was 155.63 and 165.79 ton C ha− 1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. In 2011 and 2012 respectively, the amount of organic carbon distribution was 3.61 and 6.39 ton C ha− 1 in the forest floor and it was 78.89 and 100.71 ton C ha− 1 in the soil. As shown, most carbon was distributed in plants. Overall, the amount of organic carbon distribution of the Q. glauca forest was 238.13 ton C ha− 1 in 2011 and 272.89 ton C ha− 1 in 2012. In 2011, the amount of organic carbon fixed in plants through photosynthesis (NPP) was 14.22 ton C ha− 1 year− 1 and the amount of carbon emission of soil respiration was 16.77 ton C ha− 1 year− 1. The net ecosystem production (NEP) absorbed by the Q. glauca forest from the atmosphere was 5 ton C ha− 1 year− 1.ConclusionsThe carbon storage value based on such organic carbon distribution was estimated about 23.81 mil won ha− 1 in 2011 and 27.29 mil won ha− 1 in 2012, showing an annual increment of carbon storage value by 3.48 mil won ha− 1. The carbon absorption value based on such NEP was estimated about 500,000 won ha− 1 year− 1.

Bearing the Cost of Stored Carbon Leakage

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is considered a key technology for stabilizing climate change. However, leakage of CO2 from stored carbon can potentially undermine the value of carbon storage as a mitigation option. Thus, monitoring and verifiability of CO2 storage should be encouraged through policy provisions such as accounting and pricing of leaked emissions. Here we assess different institutional and economic mechanisms for accounting for carbon leakage. Using an integrated assessment model we quantify the impacts on the climate, the economy and the mitigation strategies. Results show that carbon leakage can reduce the share of fossil based CCS by up to 35%, if it is controlled and correctly priced. Biomass based CCS is less affected. Accounting for leakage leads to an increase of climate policy costs of up to 0.4 percentage points due to increased emissions.

Multi-purpose forest management in the tropics: Incorporating values of carbon, biodiversity and timber in managing Tectona grandis (teak) plantations in Costa Rica

Plantation forestry is the ultimate alternative in reforesting degraded tropical ecosystems and in provisioning multiple ecosystem services beyond timber production. Therefore, we studied the management of Tectona grandis L.f. (teak) plantations in Costa Rica and simulated alternative management strategies incorporating simultaneously the values of carbon storage, biodiversity and timber production. Alternative management strategies included (1) extension of rotations, (2) reduced thinning and (3) conversion of even-aged to uneven-aged systems. Evaluation criteria were carbon storage in biomass, stand structural diversity as a proxy of biodiversity, and economic return from timber harvests. For growth predictions under future climatic conditions, we calibrated the hybrid forest growth model 3PG. We found that carbon storage could be increased by increasing rotation periods (e.g. +29.7% of carbon for a 50% increase in rotation length) and a no thinning management (+9.5% of carbon). For rotation extension associated economic losses were high (e.g. at 5% discount rate, the Land Expectation Value (LEV) decreased by 25.1% for a 50% extension of rotations). For thinning LEV increased with a low-thinning regime, but decreased with a no-thinning management (+9.5% and −23.6%, respectively). Payments for ecosystem services (PES) increased economic return by about 3–4%. Structural diversity increased by conversion to uneven-aged forest stands (Gini coefficients for basal area increased from 0.21 to 0.52). Economic returns from timber harvests were almost equal for even-aged and uneven-aged systems at 1% discount rate (max. −2% of LEV). At 5% discount rate, we observed economic losses of 11.1–20.1% compared to the even-aged scenario. At 10% discount rate, economic losses ranged between 43.6 and 104%. We concluded that extension of rotations and reduction of thinning intensity can be used as management strategies to increase the carbon storage of teak plantations. However, to compensate the associated economic losses through a PES scheme, payments for carbon sequestration need to be increased and special incentives for longer rotation periods and low thinning management need to be developed. The transformation into uneven-aged forest stands requires active investment at discount rates higher than 1%. Whether this investment can be offset by benefits from biodiversity and increased forest resilience is unknown and requires further investigations. Other measures of biodiversity conservation, such as the use of native and mixed tree species and the retention of old trees and deadwood are moreover necessary.

Positive effect of forest structural diversity on aboveground stand carbon stocks for even-aged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in the Sarıçiçek Forest, Northern Turkey

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationships between forest structural diversity indices and aboveground stand carbon storage for even-aged and pure Scots pine stands located in the Sarıçiçek Forest, Northern Turkey. In the even-aged Scots pine stands, 293 sample plots were selected to represent various stand conditions such as site quality, age, and stand density. The stand structural diversity, including Shannon’s, improved Shannon, Simpson’s, McIntosh, Margalef, and Berger–Parker indices, was used to correlate the stand carbon storage values. Positive partial correlation coefficients between stand carbon storage and forest structural diversity indices, including the improved Shannon index (r = 0.770), Shannon’s index (r = 0.742), Simpson’s index (r = 0.703), the Berger–Parker index (r = 0.657), the Gini index (r = 0.390), and the Margalef index (r = 0.327), were found at the 0.01 level. These results offer an enhancement of theories concerning positive relationships between stand carbon storage and stand structural diversity for pure and single-species forests. Moreover, regarding biodiversity suitability and stand carbon storage as carbon sinks, the results illustrate that forest stands with higher structural diversity may be preferred when used to mitigate global warming.

Measuring Carbon Emissions from Deforestation at Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Forest is a natural resource that is very important and beneficial for the livelihood either directly or indirectly. Forest has a variety of ecological functions. One of forest functions is to maintain the amount of stored carbon. The forest area changes into non-forest area resulted in reducing forest functions as a provider of environmental services. This study aims: 1) to determine the deforestation during the period of 2000-2011, 2) to make model of the landcover change using logistic regression model, 3) to measurecarbon emissions and valuation based on impact of deforestation. The materials used in this study are : a) Indonesian Topographic Map at Scale 1: 50,000, Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), b) landcover map (year of 2000 and 2011), scale 1 : 250,000, produced by director general of forestry planning, ministry of environment and forestry, 3) environmental variables (dependent variable) such as : distance from roads, distance from streams, elevation and slope. The spatial analysis is done by land change modeler which is module in Idrisi Terrset. Meanwhile calculations of carbon storage and economic value which are done by ecosystem service modelers also as a Idrisi Terrset. The results show that the rate of deforestation during the period of 2000-2011 at Donggala as high as13,448.07 ha or about 1,222.55 ha per year. The impact of the forest cover changes resulted in the decrease of carbon storage up to 3.66 million tons or equivalent to 13.42 million tons of carbon emissions. Economic losses caused carbon emission in period 2000-2011 up to US$ 38,188,465 (net present value, NPV)

太行山东坡不同林龄杏树林碳储量及其分配特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 太行山东坡不同林龄杏树林碳储量及其分配特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201803290634 作者: 作者单位: 河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北省科学院,河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北省科学院地理科学研究所,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北省科学院地理科学研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（3150048）；河北省科学院科技攻关项目（18111）；河北省青年拔尖人才项目；河北省科学院青年拔尖人才项目 Carbon storage and its allocation pattern in Armeniaca vulgaris plantations at different ages on the eastern slope of Taihang Mountain Author: Affiliation: Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在生物量调查的基础上，对太行山东坡4、8、12年生和16年生杏树林生态系统碳储量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明：杏树各器官碳含量在447.3-488.1 g/kg；树干碳含量随林龄的增长而显著降低（P < 0.05），不同林龄间树根、树枝和树叶碳含量无显著差异；土壤层（0-100 cm）碳含量随林龄的增长而增大；随土层深度的增加而降低。林龄对杏树林乔木层、土壤层和生态系统碳储量均有显著影响。4、8、12年生和16年生杏树林生态系统碳储量分别为27.810、72.647、82.450 Mg/hm2和102.336 Mg/hm2；土壤层碳储量占总碳储量的90.1%-99.6%，且主要集中于0-40 cm。乔木层碳储量分配随着林龄的增长而增加，土壤碳储量分配则减小。结果揭示了土壤层是杏树林生态系统的主要碳库；杏树人工林生态系统在生长过程中能显著地积累有机碳。研究结果可为经济林经营管理及碳汇功能评价提供参考。 Abstract:Carbon storage and its allocation of 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-year-old Armeniaca vulgaris plantation ecosystems on the eastern slope of Taihang Mountain were studied based on a biomass survey. The results showed that the carbon contents in different organs of apricots ranged from to 447.3 to 488.1 g/kg. The carbon content of stems decreased significantly with stand age, whereas no significant differences in carbon content were observed among the roots, branches, and leaves of the apricot plantations with different ages. The carbon content in the soil layer (0-100 cm) increased significantly with increasing stand age, but decreased with increasing soil depth (P < 0.05). The carbon storage in the arbor layer, soil layer, and whole ecosystem of the apricot plantations was obviously age dependent. The values of total carbon storage in the 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-year-old apricot plantation ecosystems were 27.810, 72.647, 82.450 Mg/hm2 and 102.336 Mg/hm2, respectively. The carbon storage in the soil layer accounted for >90.1%of the carbon storage in the apricot plantation ecosystem, which was accumulated at higher levels in the 0-40 cm soil layer. The carbon storage and distribution patterns in the apricot plantations varied obviously with the stand age. In addition, carbon storage allocation increased in the arbor layer but decreased in the soil layer with increasing stand age. Our results suggested that the soil layer was the major carbon pool, and also impliedthat the plantation ecosystems at these stand ages could accumulate organic carbon continuously. Quantifying carbon storage and distribution patterns of apricot plantationscould help design sustainable forest management strategies for achieving its potential in mitigating climate change. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Taking stock of mangrove and seagrass blue carbon ecosystems: A perspective for future carbon trading

Seagrass and mangroves support a number of ecosystem services, such as sustaining marine fisheries, water clarity, and the protection of shoreline from erosion. Producing a national and global consensus of their total worth is a challenge. More often than not the variety and distal evaluation approaches do not fit comfortably within current market-based economic models, which are arguably more capable of swaying government policy in assessing their preservation over economic development. The exception to this rule is the increasing recognition of the importance of these systems as a carbon sink for combating ‘greenhouse’ gas emissions. In response, these sinks have been labelled as ‘Blue Carbon, a rhetorical tool to distinguish them from terrestrial and ocean sinks, and the different approaches they would require for conservation. However, there are a number of knowledge gaps, untested underlying assumptions, and measurement practicalities in assessing an accurate value of carbon sequestration and storage. Unless these are addressed, then the push for seagrass and mangroves to be included within the carbon-financing network may not be successful. This short communication discusses the limitations of the current blue carbon conceptual model, and provides recommendations for a more limited but robust submission of its present and future worth, required for carbon financing.

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES USING DATA LANDSAT 8 IN KARO, DAIRI, AND SAMOSIR DISTRICTS, NORTH SUMATRA

Forests have important roles in terms of carbon storage and other values. Various studies have been conducted to identify and distinguish the forest from non-forest classes. Several forest types classes such as secondary forests and plantations should be distinguished related to the restoration and rehabilitation program for dealing with climate change. The study was carried out to distinguish several classes of important forests such as the primary dryland forests, secondary dryland forest, and plantation forests using Landsat 8 to develop identification techniques of specific forests classes. The study areas selected were forest areas in three districts, namely Karo, Dairi, and Samosir of North Sumatera Province. The results showed that using composite RGB 654 of Landsat 8 imagery based on test results OIF for the forest classification, the forests could be distinguished with other land covers. Digital classification can be combined with the visual classification known as a hybrid classification method, especially if there are difficulties in border demarcation between the two types of forest classes or two classes of land covers.

Carbon taxation of the land use sector—the economics of soil carbon

AbstractGrowing vegetation removes carbon from the atmosphere. This carbon is then stored in biomass, soils and products for varying lengths of time. We outline a comprehensive tax policy for jointly regulating these carbon stocks for climate change mitigation. The central role of soil carbon storage is emphasized. We present an analytical partial equilibrium land use sector model, which we use to derive the optimal allocation of land and biomass over time, taking into account the raw‐material value of the produced biomass and the social value of carbon storage. The optimization yields a set of monetary shadow values for land and biomass carbon fluxes. These values can be interpreted as the fluxes’ socially optimal prices and can thus be used to outline a comprehensive land use sector carbon tax policy. The taxation can be organized in various ways. We present a solution that is easy to implement and monitor in practice. As the policy jointly regulates all carbon stocks, carbon impact leakage between land uses and regions is prevented.

元江干热河谷稀树灌草丛植被碳储量及净初级生产力

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 元江干热河谷稀树灌草丛植被碳储量及净初级生产力 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201606011053 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金与云南省联合项目（U1202234）；国家基金重大项目（31290221）；国家基金青年项目（41405143）；云南省基金面上项目（2015FB186） Carbon storage and net primary productivity of a savanna ecosystem in a dry-hot valley in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:稀树灌草丛作为干热河谷区特殊的植被类型，其碳储量等一直缺乏必要的研究。以元江干热河谷稀树灌草丛植被为对象，利用典型样地法研究该区稀树灌草丛植被的碳储量与净初级生产力。结果表明：元江稀树灌草丛植被的碳储量为32.13 t C/hm2，其中乔木、灌木和草本各层次的碳储量为26.70、4.04、1.40 t C/hm2，分别占到总碳储量的83.02%、12.57%、4.4%。乔木层中地上部分碳储量占到66.70%。另外，元江稀树灌草丛的净初级生产力为3.88 t C hm-2 a-1，其中林分的净初级生产力为1.90 t C hm-2 a-1，凋落物量为1.98 t C hm-2 a-1；林下植被层对林分净初级生产力的贡献达到了46.92%。说明元江稀树灌草丛具有较高的碳储量和碳汇能力。结果为稀树灌草丛碳循环及碳汇功能研究提供了基础，同时也为干热河谷区植被的保育与可持续经营提供了科学依据。 Abstract:Savanna is a unique vegetation type that predominantly occurs in dry-hot valleys, yet its carbon storage capacity and net primary productivity (NPP) remain poorly understood. In the present study, we estimated carbon storage and NPP of savanna vegetation using permanent field plots in the dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. We estimated tree carbon storage using allometric equations, and carbon storage in shrubs and herbs was estimated by the harvesting method. The NPP was calculated using two years of data from plot surveys. We found that the total carbon storage of the savanna in Yuanjiang was 32.13 t C/hm2. Carbon storage in the tree, shrub, and herb layers was 26.70 t C/hm2, 4.04 t C/hm2, and 1.40 t C/hm2, which contributed 83.02%, 12.57%, and 4.35% of the total carbon storage, respectively. Aboveground carbon storage accounts for 66.70% of tree layer carbon storage. Similarly, the NPP of the savanna was 3.88 t C hm-2 a-1. NPP from the forest biomass and litter was 1.90 t C hm-2 a-1 and 1.98 t C hm-2 a-1, respectively. The contribution to the NPP of forest biomass from the understory (shrubs and herbs) approached 46.92%. Thus, we conclude that, owing to its high carbon storage and NPP values, savanna vegetation is an important component of the carbon cycle; this finding provides a rationale for the conservation of vegetation and the sustainable management of savanna ecosystems in dry-hot valleys. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Estimation of carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

Study on the forest carbon storage, carbon density and spatial distribution characteristic are helpful for improving the accuracy of carbon estimation and providing the practical basis for better policy making. In this research, the compiled data of 'Xinjiang Forest Resources Survey Results' in 2011 was used as a source data, by using the biomass-volume regression model and average biomass method, the carbon storage, carbon density and spatial distribution of forest resources in Ili River Valley region were analyzed. Results show that, the total biomass, carbon storage and average carbon density in Ili River valley were 69.647Tg, 34.823Tg and 41.45Mg/hm2 C respectively. From the aspect of spatial distribution, the northwest region of Ili River Valley has high carbon storage and the southeast region has low carbon storage. The southwest region has low carbon density and the northeast region has high carbon density. The value of forest Carbon storage from high to low was: Arbor > Shrub > Sparse forest > Odd tree > Economic forest > Scattered trees. Mature arbor forest plays an important role in maintaining the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in Ili River Valley region.

The role of Italian coastal dunes as carbon sinks and diversity sources. A multi-service perspective

Coastal dunes support biodiverse habitats of conservation interest and provide other essential but often overlooked benefits to society, such as carbon sequestration, thanks to their high soil carbon accumulation rates. The recently established coastal dune Natura 2000 network in the Italian Adriatic coast aims at protecting dune habitats diversity, yet its capacity to provide other ecosystem services, and the potential trade-offs with biodiversity provision have so far not been evaluated. In this paper we conduct this analysis for a key ecosystem service: carbon storage and sequestration. We i) quantify soil carbon stocks and sequestration within four coastal dune EU habitat types along the Adriatic Natura 2000 network; ii) upscale these data to create an inventory of carbon stocks for all dune Natura 2000 sites in the study area; iii) collate biodiversity data of the selected EU habitat types using plant diversity measures as surrogates of coastal dune biodiversity and iv) explore the trade-offs between carbon storage and biodiversity value for the selected habitats. Italian Adriatic coastal dune Natura 2000 sites sequester 4998 t of CO2e per year, with the majority in wooded dunes. Wooded dunes showed significantly higher soil carbon density than the other dune habitats, and had a much greater area, but they were characterized by lower species richness. By contrast, the endangered fixed dunes, which survive in few residual patches along the study area, showed the highest plant diversity for both total species richness and dune focal species, but had a much lower carbon density and extent. Although further analyses of additional services would be desirable for a more comprehensive assessment, these findings suggest that conservation actions should favor restoration of the natural dune zonation, since it guarantees both dune species diversity and carbon storage. The carbon stocks and EU habitat type extents produced in this study constitute the first systematic inventory for dune systems in the Mediterranean.