Carbon Steel In Acid Research Articles

Adsorptive investigation of the anticorrosion properties of natural chrysin on carbon steel in acid–chloride system: combined theoretical and experimental approach

Purpose Owing to the toxicity, biodegradability, and cost of most corrosion inhibitors, research attention is now focused on the development of environmentally benign, biodegradable, cheap, and efficient options. In consideration of these facts, chrysin, a phytocompound of Populus tomentosa (Chinese white poplar) has been isolated and investigated for its anticorrosion abilities on carbon steel in a mixed acid and chloride system. This highlights the main purpose of the study. Design/methodology/approach Chrysin was isolated from Populus tomentosa using column chromatography and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The investigations are outlined based on theory (Fukui indices, condensed density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulation) and experiments (electrochemical, gravimetry and surface morphology examinations). Findings Theoretical evaluations permitted the description of the adsorption characteristics, and molecular interactions and orientations of chrysin on Fe substrate. The interaction energy for protonated and neutral chrysin on Fe (110) were −149.10 kcal/mol and −143.28 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, experimental investigations showed that chrysin is a potent mixed-type corrosion inhibitor for steel, whose effectiveness depends on its surrounding temperature and concentration. The optimum inhibition efficiency of 78.7% after 24 h for 1 g/L chrysin at 298 K indicates that the performance of chrysin, as a pure compound, compares favorably with other phytocompounds and plant extracts investigated under similar conditions. However, the inhibition efficiency decreased to 62.5% and 51.8% at 318 K after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Originality/value The novelty of this study relies on the usage of a pure compound in corrosion suppression investigation, thus eliminating the unknown influences obtainable by the presence of multi-phytocompounds in plant extracts, thereby advancing the commercialization of bio-based corrosion inhibitors.

Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium

In this study, Oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf essential oil was studied as an environmental-friendly anticorrosion agent for carbon steel in aggressive hydrochloric acid. The corrosion inhibition of O. vulgare was characterized by surface morphology, electrochemical, weight loss, theoretical and computational methods. It was found that the highest inhibition performance of O. vulgare was 85.64% at 2 g/l in 1 M HCl. The results of Langmuir isotherm and adsorption thermodynamics investigation demonstrated that the O. vulgare inhibitor adsorbed on the metal surface by the formation of rigid covalent bonds. The adsorption and inhibition centers of the selected inhibitor were studied by the computational methods, resulting in that the hydroxyl functional groups and benzoyl rings are mainly responsible for the high inhibition efficiency.

Sunflower-head extract as a sustainable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solutions

The inhibition effect of sunflower head-extract (SFHE) for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution was studied by weight loss measurement, electrochemical measurements, and ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope. The adsorption/desorption of SFHE from carbon steel surface was studied by the differential polarization curves. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were also calculated and discussed. The results show that SFHE is an excellent inhibitor in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, the SFHE exhibits the highest inhibition efficiency of 96.4% and 91.9% at 3 g/L at 298 K in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. In addition, the inhibition efficiency follows the order: HCl ˃ H2SO4. The adsorption of SFHE on the carbon steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. All the results reveal that SFHE can be used as a sustainable and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acid solution in the future.

Survival Strategies of Mangrove (Ceriops tagal (perr.) C. B. Rob) and the Inspired Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion is ubiquitous, inevitable, and very common in our daily lives; it has been one of the most significant challenges and needs to be addressed for the development of modern society. Corrosion-resisting strategies found in nature have been promising for many halophytes surviving in marine tidal zones facing high salinity and humidity. Among the halophytes, mangroves have developed a lot of functions to deal with such extreme conditions that could provide novel inspirations for the fabrication of engineering materials, especially for materials resisting corrosion. In this study, we first investigated two survival strategies of mangroves, namely, functional salt-secreting and mangrove tannin composite. Salt-secreting realized by mangrove salt glands could make mangroves excrete excessive salt and avoid harmful effects. On the other hand, mangrove tannins existing in large quantities in mangrove bark could help the mangroves survive some marine bacteria. Inspired by the functional mangrove tannins, we developed a corrosion inhibitor to protect Q235 carbon steel in acid 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Furthermore, we found that the mangrove-inspired corrosion inhibitor could be adsorbed at the metal–solution interface, functioning as a cathodic inhibitor with 60.51% anti-corrosion efficiency.

Corrosion protection of carbon steel in acidic media by expired bupropion drug; experimental and theoretical study

The effects of expired bupropion on the corrosion protection of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid (1.0 M) and sulfuric acid (0.5 M) solutions were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Bupropion concentrations in both acid solutions were raised, which improved corrosion prevention. Bupropion was a mixed inhibitor because it retarded the anodic and cathodic processes, as indicated by polarization data. The inhibition efficiency decreased with the increasing temperature from 25 to 55 °C. In the presence of bupropion, the activation energies of corrosion in both acid solutions increased. The thermodynamic quantities were deduced from the influence of temperature on the corrosion process of carbon steel in both acid media. Bupropion adsorption on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The polarization data yielded outcomes consistent with the results arising from impedance measurements. FTIR spectroscopy showed the active sites of bupropion molecule during adsorption on the alloy surface. The theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulation of bupropion was done by a density functional theory (DFT) approach to realize the effects of molecular structure on the inhibitive action of bupropion.

Experimental and theoretical studies of carbon steel corrosion protection in phosphoric acid solution by expired lansoprazole and rabeprazole drugs

The effects of expired lansoprazole and rabeprazole on the corrosion protection of carbon steel in phosphoric acid (3.0 ​M) solution were examined by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Lansoprazole and rabeprazole concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10 ​mM) in acid solution were raised, which improved corrosion prevention. Both lansoprazole and rabeprazole as the mixed inhibitors retarded the anodic and cathodic processes, as indicated by polarization data. With the increasing temperature in the range of 25–55 ​°C, the inhibition efficiency drops from 92.9% to 69.3% for lansoprazole and from 94.8% to 74.2% for rabeprazole. The major decrease in the inhibition efficiency with ascending temperature proved the physisorption of the drugs. The activation energies for carbon steel corrosion in H3PO4solution were enhanced from 41.6 ​kJ ​mol−1 to 81.9 ​kJ.mol−1and 85.9 ​kJ ​mol−1 for lansoprazole and rabeprazole, respectively. The influence of temperature on the corrosion process of carbon steel in the acid medium was used to derive the thermodynamic quantities of corrosion. The adsorption of both lansoprazole and rabeprazole on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The polarization data yielded outcomes that were consistent with the results arising from impedance measurements. The theoretical study of both lansoprazole and rabeprazole was done by a density functional theory (DFT) approach to realize the effects of molecular structure on their inhibitive action. Both lansoprazole and rabeprazole contain a higher EHOMO, a lower ELUMO and a lower energy gap than some inhibitors earlier reported as good corrosion inhibitors in the literature.

Insight into the corrosion inhibition of novel macromolecular epoxy resin as highly efficient inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic mediums: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical techniques, AFM/UV–Visible and computational investigations

The present work aimed to investigate the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel (CS) in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solutions (1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4) in the presence of new macromolecular epoxy resin synthesized namely N2.N4.N6-tris(2-(oxiran-2-yl methoxy) ethyl)-N2.N4.N6-tris(oxiran-2-yl methyl)-2.4.6-triamine-1.3.5-triazine (ERT). This corrosion protection activity was detected by utilizing various methods including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarisation curve (PC) measurements, atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis, global quantum chemical descriptors computations (GQCDs) and molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation. The corrosive solutions after corrosion tests have been identified by UV–visible. The obtained results, indicating that the compound as mixed type inhibitor significantly reduced the corrosion rate of CS due to the formation of a stable protective film on the metal surface. As confirmed by EIS, AFM and theoretical studies, chemically adsorbed ERT molecule is a better corrosion inhibitor with higher corrosion efficacy of about 95.5% in HCl and 98% in H2SO4 at room temperature. Langmuir isotherm model is the most acceptable one to describe the ERT molecules adsorption on the surface of CS. Protection mechanisms were supported by GQCDs, Fukui functions, dual local descriptors, radial distribution function and MDs simulation. These theoretical calculations support the results obtained experimentally to qualify ERT as a very effective inhibitor against the corrosion of CS in both acidic media.

Investigation of 6-[5-(4-Methoxyphenyl) furan-2-yl] Nicotinonitrile as a New Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solution: Chemical, Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies

Theeffect of 6-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl) furan-2-yl] nicotinonitrile (MA-1160) as a new corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was investigated using weight loss (WL), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and electrochemical measurements. The surface morphology of CS was tested using: scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infra-red and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy methods. The adsorption of MA-1160 on CS surface obeyed the model of Langmuir isotherm. Polarization data revealed that this inhibitor behave as mixed-type inhibitor. The spectroscopic measurements revealed the formation of a protective adsorbed layer on CS surface. Quantum chemical calculations were calculated and discussed using density functional theory method. The inhibition efficiency (% €) was 84% in WL, 86.4% in AAS, 86.0% in potentiodynamic polarization and 84.8% in EIS 86% at 21 µM. Thus, all the test methods gave good agreement with each other in % €.

The effect of mono ethylene glycol on the top of line corrosion rate of low carbon steel in acetic acid and elevated temperature environment

Top of line (TOL) corrosion is a common corrosion case found on pipe that flows wet gas in oil and gas industry. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of mono ethylene glycol (MEG) on the TOL corrosion rate of low carbon steel in acidic environment with increased temperature. The study was conducted at temperature 50 °C and 70 °C in a solution containing 2000 ppm of acetic acid and 50 % volume of MEG. There are four types of experimental conditions with variation in the temperature and MEG content were used. The result present that MEG effectively reduce the condensation rate and TOL corrosion rate of low carbon steel at elevated temperature environment. This revealed that increasing of TOL corrosion inhibition effect along the experimental period. Moreover, the increased level of severity was associated with increased temperature. The results concluded that this procedure resulted due to decrease in condensation rate that is likely to reduce the supply of electrolyte for the corrosion reaction.

Extratos de folhas e flores como inibidores de corrosão de origem vegetal

Extratos aquosos e etanólicos de folhas e flores de Unxia kubitzkii H. Rob foram avaliados como inibidores de corrosão de origem vegetal para o aço carbono P110 na presença de HCl 1,0 mol.L-1. As eficiências de inibição dos extratos foram calculadas a partir das taxas de corrosão, obtidas por ensaios gravimétricos com variação na concentração dos extratos. As menores taxas de corrosão foram identificadas com uso de 15% dos extratos, com os aquosos provenientes das folhas e flores apresentando valores de eficiência de, respectivamente, 91,20 e 92,55%. Na mesma concentração, o extrato etanólico das folhas proporcionou eficiência de inibição de 93,67%, enquanto o extrato das flores revelou eficiência de 72,13%. Devido aos valores de eficiências de inibição acima de 90% os extratos aquosos das folhas e flores, assim como o extrato etanólico das folhas de Unxia kubitzkii H. Rob, apresentam-se como potenciais inibidores de corrosão para o aço carbono em meio ácido.

Two Novel Benzodiazepines as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: Experimental and Computational Studies

Two new benzodiazepine derivatives namely, 1-ethyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one (BZD-1) and 1-octyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one (BZD-2) have been synthesized and used as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic solution (1 M HCl). Corrosion inhibition evaluation was performed using weight loss, electrochemical techniques [potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)], quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results showed that both compounds are good corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium; their inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration. In addition, the results obtained from above methods reveal that BDZ-2 is an excellent inhibitor. It gives a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.63% at 10−3 M and inhibits corrosion by adsorbing at the carbon steel surface. EIS measurements showed that the charge transfer resistance increases, whereas the double-layer capacitance decreases with the inhibitor concentration. Polarization studies showed that BDZ-1 and BDZ-2 are mixed type. The tested inhibitors have been adsorbed on the carbon steel surface according to Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The experimental results are in reasonably close agreement with quantum chemical parameters calculated at DFT/B3LYB/3-21G and the molecular dynamic simulations results.

Complexes of Imidazole with Poly(ethylene glycol) as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Sulphuric Acid

The inhibiting action of polyethylene glycol and imidazole (PEG/IMZ)) complexes prepared by a simple deprotonation procedure on carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 mol/L sulphuric acid was evaluated using the weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques complemented by surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy. The inhibiting effect of the PEG/IMZ complexes on carbon steel corrosion was compared with the non-complex forms. Results obtained show that PEG/IMZ complex is a very effective corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in the acid environment. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in the temperature and also with increasing percentage of imidazole in the complex. Corrosion inhibition occurs by virtue of adsorption of PEG/IMZ complexes on the steel surface which was found to follow the Temkin adsorption isotherm model. The PEG/IMZ complexes function as a mixed-type inhibitor. Results from all the methods employed are in a reasonably good agreement.

Semiconducting Behavior of Non-Solid Electrochemical State of Carbon Steel in Electrolyte Solution

In this paper, the semiconducting behavior of non-solid electrochemical state of carbon steel in acid, base and salt solutions was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. It was pointed out that the capacitance variation of space charge layer of non-solid electrochemical state of carbon steel in different solution was different. The non-solid electrochemical state showed p-type semiconducting behavior in 5 sulfuric acid and 5 % sodium sulfate solution. However, it showed n-type semiconducting behavior in 5 % sodium hydroxide, suggesting that the space charge layer of non-solid electrochemical state of the carbon steel in different electrolytes might be asymmetric.

Inhibitive effect of methyl green dye on the corrosion of low carbon steel in acidic media

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study methyl green dye (MG) as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel (LCS) in hydrochloric acid (1 M) and sulphuric acid (0.5 M) and to assess the effect of temperature variation and halide additives on the inhibition efficiency.Design/methodology/approach – Corrosion rates are monitored using the gravimetric technique. Inhibition efficiency is determined by comparing the corrosion rates in the absence and presence of additives. Attempts are also made to elucidate the inhibition mechanism from the trend of inhibition efficiency with change in temperature and type of acid anion.Findings – MG reduces the corrosion rate of the LCS specimens in both acid media within the investigated temperature range by adsorption at the metal/solution interface. Inhibition efficiency increases with MG concentration but decreases with rise in temperature. Maximum values of 67 and 73 per cent are obtained in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively, at [MG]=0.001 mol dm−3. Halide ad...

Semiconducting Behavior of Carbon Steel in Electrolyte Solution

In this paper, the semiconducting behavior of carbon steel in acid, base and salt solutions was studied by utiliz- ing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. It was pointed out that the capacitance variation of space charge layer of carbon steel in different solution was different. The carbon steel showed p-type semiconducting behavior in 5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium sulfate solution. However, the carbon steel showed n-type semiconducting behavior in 5% sodium hydroxide. It was suggested that the space charge layer of the carbon steel in different electrolytes might be asymmetric.

Inhibition effect of polyethylene glycol on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulphuric acid

The inhibiting action of some polyethylene glycols on carbon steel corrosion, using 3N sulphuric acid as corroding solution, was evaluated by the weight loss method and polarization and impedance spectroscopy techniques. In order to study the effect of polyethylene glycol structure on the inhibition efficiency, different molar weights (200–10,000 g mol −1) were selected. This work has demonstrated that the polyethylene glycols have an inhibition effect on the corrosion process and the inhibition efficiency is more than 90%. It was shown that polyethylene glycol is adsorbed physically on carbon steel in acid medium.