Phase Carbon Nitride Research Articles

Synergistic Multisystem Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Graphitic Phase Carbon Nitride

Graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalytic environmental material. For this study, the graphitic phase carbon nitride was prepared using a thermal polymerization method. The characteristic peaks, structures, and morphologies were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Under the synergetic visible light catalysis of H2O2 and Na2S2O8, the degradation effects of g-C3N4 on the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and the cationic dye rhodamine b (Rhb) were investigated. The effects of adding different volumes of H2O2 and Na2S2O8 were likewise tested. The results showed that the above two synergistic systems increased the degradation rates of MO and Rhb by 2.5 and 3.5 times, respectively, compared with pure g-C3N4, and that the degradation rates of both MO and Rhb reached 100% within 120 min and 90 min, respectively, in accordance with the primary reaction kinetics. When H2O2 and Na2S2O8 were added dropwise at 10 mL each, the degradation rates of MO and Rhb were 82.22% and 99.81%, respectively, after 30 min of open light. The results of experiments upon both zeta potential and radical quenching showed that ·OH and ·O2- were the main active radicals for dye degradation in our synergistic system. In addition, stability tests showed that the photocatalysts in the synergistic system still had good reusability. Therefore, the use of a synergistic system can effectively reduce the photogenerated electron-hole pair complexation rate, representing a significant improvement in both photocatalytic degradation and for stability levels.

Water‐Soluble Graphite‐Phase Carbon Nitride Colloid and Its Multichannel Biological Imaging Effect

AbstractDue to the large band gap and quantum size effect, most of reported fluorescent graphite phase carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets/quantum dot emits blue fluorescence under ultraviolet, which limits its further application in bio‐imaging. However, diversified strategies of PL wavelength tailored are rare except for heteroatom or molecule doping. In this paper, yellowish carbon nitride colloid with 508 nm PL emission was produced through structural self‐modulation method using melamine as sole precursor. The obtained colloid demonstrate nontoxicity, stability (up to 10 month), good dispersibility in water and green fluorescent under 365 nm light excitation. Associated with its broad emission peak excited by different wavelengths of light, it shows good performance in biological imaging and importantly, realizes blue, green and red three‐channels imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report multi‐channel biological imaging based on GCN polymer with long PL wavelength by structural self‐modulation strategy.

A pathway for promoting bioelectrochemical performance of microbial fuel cell by synthesizing graphite carbon nitride doped on single atom catalyst copper as cathode catalyst

In this study, a simple distributed feeding method was used to dope graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) on single atom catalyst (SAC) copper (Cu) to form composite material (Cu-SA/CN). Cu-SA/CN was formed by mutual doping of polyhedral block Cu and irregular g-C3N4. There were obvious crystal face peaks at 28.4, 43.3, 47.3 and 56.2°. Large solid Cu and small irregular g-C3N4 were successfully combined and C, Cu, N and O elements were uniformly distributed on the surface of Cu-SA/CN. The valence bond of N-CN, C-NC, CC and OH was found. When the Cu content was 0.03 mol, Cu-SA/CN3 showed excellent redox activity. The maximum power density of Cu-SA/CN3-MFC was 456.976 mW/m2, the maximum voltage was 599 mV, which could be stable for 7 d. Cu-SA/CN3 was proved to provide more electrically active sites, strong catalytic oxygen reduction ability and conductivity.

Photodegradation of fleroxacin by g-C3N4/PPy/Ag and HPLC-MS/MS analysis of degradation pathways

To improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4, graphitic phase carbon nitride was prepared using melamine as the substrate and modified with PPy and Ag nanoparticles. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the photocatalysts were investigated using various characterization methods such as XRD, FT-IR, TEM, XPS, and UV-vis DRS. The degradation of fleroxacin, a common quinolone antibiotic, was isolated and measured using the HPLC-MS/MS technique to trace its intermediates and deduce the main degradation pathways. The results showed that g-C3N4/PPy/Ag had high photocatalytic activity and a degradation rate of more than 90%. The fleroxacin degradation reactions were primarily oxidative ring opening of the N-methyl piperazine ring structure, defluorination reactions on fluoroethyl, HCHO, and N-methyl ethylamine removal reactions.

Synthesis and up-to-date applications of 2D microporous g-C3N4 nanomaterials for sustainable development.

In recent years, with the development of industrial technology and the increase of people's environmental awareness, the research on sustainable materials and their applications has become a hot topic. Among two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been selected for sustainable research, graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a hot research topic because of its many outstanding advantages such as simple preparation, good electrochemical properties, excellent photochemical properties, and better thermal stability. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations of g-C3N4 due to its relatively poor specific surface area, rapid charge recombination, limited light absorption range, and inferior dispersion in aqueous and organic media have limited its practical application. In the review, we summarize and analyze the unique structure of the 2D microporous nanomaterial g-C3N4, its synthesis method, chemical modification method, and the latest application examples in various fields in recent years, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings, with a view to providing ideas for overcoming the difficulties in its application. Furthermore, the pressing challenges faced by g-C3N4 are briefly discussed, as well as an outlook on the application prospects of g-C3N4 materials. It is expected that the review in this paper will provide more theoretical strategies for the future practical application of g-C3N4-based materials, as well as contributing to nanomaterials in sustainable applications.

Vanadium-doped graphitic carbon nitride for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

To promote polysulfide conversion in lithium sulfur batteries (LSB) and alleviate the shuttle effect, we designed and fabricated a novel catalyst of vanadium-doped graphite phase carbon nitride with nitrogen defects (V@gC3N4-ND) and high vanadium loading (3.46 at%) by defect engineering and two-step pyrolysis. Employing a V@gC3N4-ND modified separator, the LSB yielded capacities of 934 mA h g-1 at 1C and 404 mA h g-1 at 4C; the former was retained by 61% and 45% after 500 and 1000 cycles, respectively. In particular, the initial capacity of the battery reached 969 mA h g-1 at a sulfur loading of 10.0 mg cm-2. This work provides a facile route to the preparation of high-loading vanadium active site catalysts with nitrogen defects in the support, which are promising for high performance LSB applications.

Solar-initiated continuous electron injection to promote Fe3+/Fe2+ catalytic cycle in tourmaline/g-C3N4 composite system for enhanced PMS activation

It is of great significance for improving the electron transmission performance of graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by an economical method. Herein, urea was mixed with tourmaline (TM) and calcined to obtain g-C3N4/TM composite photocatalyst. Under solar light, g-C3N4/TM activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade carbamazepine (CBZ) entirely within 25 ​min. g-C3N4/TM had a superior photocatalytic oxidation performance under solar light than g-C3N4. Photogenerated electron-hole pairs of g-C3N4 were efficaciously suppressed, originating from the more excellent electronic transfer to TM. Four active species, including SO4•-, •OH, 1O2, and O2•-, were identified for the degradation of CBZ. Ten intermediates of CBZ and six intermediates of sulfaquinoxaline sodium (SQXNa) were determined by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a high definition mass spectrometer (UPLC-HDMS), and a degradation pathway was proposed. As the reaction progressed, all aromatic nuclear intermediates were mineralized. The degradation of other organic pollutants by the g-C3N4/TM/PMS system validated the universal adaptability in practical applications. This research provided an effective way to improve the g-C3N4 photocatalytic activity in wastewater treatment.

A rational self-sacrificing template strategy to construct 2D layered porosity Fe3N-N-C catalyst for high-performance zinc-air battery

Two-dimensional (2D) layered carbon with high electrochemically surface area and conductivity has risen as a prospective supporter to construct transition metal-nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts. Graphene and graphene-like layered templates can produce continuous large surface areas, while restacking and low porosity issues usually limit the in-plane ion diffusion and accessibility of internal sites. Constructing porous structures by removing their 2D templates increases the approachability of internal active areas. However, the tedious template stripping process will not only require dangerous acids/alkali but damage the original structure and catalytic activity. Thus, it is highly desired to use the self-sacrificial template to take advantage of the template method and avoid its trouble. Herein, we adopted layered graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a self-sacrificing template, which can decompose into gaseous products containing C- and N- in pyrolysis reaction to construct the layered, porous morphology and provide an enhanced N configuration. The prepared Fe3N-N-C-50 catalyst presents a more positive E1/2 of 0.885 V, and lower Tafel slop than the Pt/C-20%. Furthermore, the Fe3N-N-C-50 based zinc-air battery (ZAB) shows excellent discharging performance and durability in 210 h. The manufactured flexible ZABs exhibit good flexibility and durability in different winding conditions.

Simple hydrothermal preparation of sulfur fluoride-doped g-C3N4 and its photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange

By doping F and S elements, a graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst with exfoliated layers, namely, sulfur fluoride-doped carbon nitride (F-SCN), was successfully synthesized, which can effectively photocatalyze the degradation of methyl orange (MO). Based on the effect of different fluorination ratios on the degradation efficiency of MO, the optimal fluorination modification conditions of the material were obtained. It was found that doping with F and S elements significantly enhanced the electron-hole pair separation ability and charge transfer efficiency of the g-C3N4 photocatalyst, thus improving the photocatalytic performance. The results of the photocatalytic experiment show that the degradation rate of MO by F-SCN reached 62 % in 1 h, which was 3.7 and 1.4 times that of BCN and SCN, respectively, and the removal rate reached 77 % in 1 h, which was 3.8 times the rate of BCN and 1.6 times the rate of SCN.

Enhanced non-linear optical properties of porphyrin-based polymers covalently functionalized with graphite phase carbon nitride.

In our work, a flurry of original porphyrin-based polymers covalently functionalized g-C3N4 nanohybrids were constructed and nominated as PPorx-g-C3N4 (x = 1, 2 and 3) through click chemistry between porphyrin-based polymers with alkyne end-groups [(PPorx-C≡CH (x = 1, 2 and 3)] and azide-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4-N3). Due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between porphyrin-based polymers [PPorx (x = 1, 2 and 3)] group and graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) group in PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids, the PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids exhibited better non-linear optical (NLO) performance than the corresponding PPorx-C≡CH and g-C3N4-N3. It found that the imaginary third-order susceptibility (Im [χ(3)]) value of the nanohybrids with different molecular weight (MW) of the pPorx group in the nanohybrids ranged from 2.5×103 to 7.0 × 103gmol-1 was disparate. Quite interestingly, the Im [χ(3)] value of the nanohybrid with a pPorx group'sMW of 4.2 × 103gmol-1 (PPor2-g-C3N4) was 1.47 × 10-10 esu, which exhibited the best NLO performance in methyl methacrylate (MMA) of all nanohybrids. The PPorx-g-C3N4 was dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to prepare the composites PPorx-g-C3N4/PMMA since PMMA was widely used as an alternative to glass. PPor2-g-C3N4/PMMA showed the excellent NLO performance of all nanohybrids with the Im [χ(3)] value of 2.36 × 10-10 esu, limiting threshold of 1.71J/cm2, minimum transmittance of 8% and dynamic range of 1.09 in PMMA, respectively. It suggested that PPorx-g-C3N4 nanohybrids were potential outstanding NLO materials.

NiO/g-C3N4 composite for enhanced photocatalytic properties in the wastewater treatment.

The massive discharge of colored wastewater has seriously harmed the environment and people's health. Photocatalysis technology is an effective method to purify colored wastewater and has been widely concerned in colored wastewater treatment. In this study, based on the obtained nickel oxide (NiO) nanospheres by solvothermal method and graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets by thermal polymerization method, the p-n heterojunction composed of NiO nanospheres and g-C3N4 nanosheets was successfully constructed by heat treatment for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The morphology, crystallinity, surface features, and optical properties of the NiO/g-C3N4 composites were investigated by various characterization methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrometer (PL), which provided the evidence for the formation of the heterojunction between NiO and g-C3N4. Compared with the g-C3N4 nanosheets and NiO nanospheres, the NiO/g-C3N4 composites showed the improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO under visible light irradiation. And the NiO/g-C3N4 composite with the mole ratio of NiO and g-C3N4 of 2:8 displayed the best photocatalytic activity of MO, and more than 90% of MO can be degraded under the illumination of 100min. The high photocatalytic properties over the NiO/g-C3N4 composite may be due to high specific surface area, the perfect band matching, and the formation of the p-n heterojunction, which helps to promote interfacial charge transfer and hinder the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. Moreover, the NiO/g-C3N4 composite exhibits the universality and cyclic stability, which is expected to have broad application prospects in the treatment of colored wastewater.

Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst.

Herein, a novel approach used to enhance the conversion of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R), as well as the capacity to produce C2 products, is reported. A copper oxide catalyst supported by graphite phase carbon nitride (CuO/g-C3N4) was prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited a better performance than pure copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NSs) and spherical copper oxide particles (CuO SPs). The Faradaic efficiency reached 64.7% for all the C2 products, specifically 37.0% for C2H4, with a good durability at -1.0 V vs. RHE. The results suggest that the interaction between CuO and the two-dimensional g-C3N4 planes promoted CO2 adsorption, its activation and C-C coupling. This work offers a practical method that can be used to enhance the activity of electrochemical CO2R and the selectivity of C2 products through synergistic effects.

A new sensor for the rapid electrochemical detection of ractopamine in meats with high sensitivity

In this research, g-C3N4/Cu@CoO/NC, which contained graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with a binary nanostructure and Cu@CoO/NC with a bimetallic MOF precursor, was constructed by a low-temperature pyrolysis process. The g-C3N4/Cu@CoO/NC was characterised by several techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Further, it was used to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ractopamine (RAC) in meat samples. The sensor showed excellent electrochemical oxidation characteristics for RAC detection, with a wide linear range (0.005 μmol/L to 32.73 μmol/L) and low detection limit (1.53 nmol/L). Meanwhile, the reproducibility, stability and interference of the g-C3N4/Cu@CoO/NC/GCE sensor were found to be excellent. Besides, the g-C3N4/Cu@CoO/NC/GCE sensor was well-used for the detection of RAC in pork, pig liver and lamb samples with recovery rates ranging from 96.5 % to 102.2 %.

Coordination-Assistant Chiral Agent Anchoring on Amphiphilic Graphitic Phase Carbon Nitride Membrane for Multiple Molecular Separation.

Membranes composed of two-dimensional (2D) materials suffer from low stability and structural swelling and are usually restricted to applications in aqueous systems. Among various 2D materials, graphitic phase carbon nitride (GCN, g-C3N4) has shown great application potential owing to its structural tunability. Herein, we develop a coordination-assisted strategy to regulate the GCN layer spacing and chemical environment via copper ion (Cu2+) coordination-assisted intercalation of enantiopure (1S,2S)-(-)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediamine (DPE) between GCN nanosheets. The obtained GCN-Cu-DPE membrane is continuous and intact, free of cracks and pinholes, stable under acidic and alkaline conditions, and exhibits water permeability above 215 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and a high rejection rate to dye molecules. The membrane is amphiphilicity and thus allows both polar solvent (water) and nonpolar solvent (hexane) to freely pass through. Remarkably, the permeation rate is proportional to the viscosity of the solvent. Benefiting from the chiral space between nanosheets, the GCN-Cu-DPE membrane shows selective permeation of aspartic acid racemate in aqueous systems and limonene racemate in the organic phase. Our work demonstrates a general and promising strategy for chiral membrane fabrication toward high-value-added chiral separation, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.

Two-Dimensional Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Nanosheets and Their Derivatives for Diagnosis and Detection Applications.

The early diagnosis of certain fatal diseases is vital for preventing severe consequences and contributes to a more effective treatment. Despite numerous conventional methods to realize this goal, employing nanobiosensors is a novel approach that provides a fast and precise detection. Recently, nanomaterials have been widely applied as biosensors with distinctive features. Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based nanostructure that has received attention in biosensing. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, semiconductivity, high photoluminescence yield, low-cost synthesis, easy production process, antimicrobial activity, and high stability are prominent properties that have rendered g-C3N4 a promising candidate to be used in electrochemical, optical, and other kinds of biosensors. This review presents the g-C3N4 unique features, synthesis methods, and g-C3N4-based nanomaterials. In addition, recent relevant studies on using g-C3N4 in biosensors in regard to improving treatment pathways are reviewed.

Enhanced thermal conductive lauric acid/g-C3N4/graphene composite phase change materials for efficient photo-thermal storage

Lauric acid (LA) shows much potential as one organic phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage, owing to its suitable melting point, relatively high thermal/chemical stability and latent heat. However, the LA-based thermal storage method invariably suffers from the big challenges of liquid leakage tendency and low thermal conductivity of single lauric acid, limiting immensely its practicality. Herein, one encapsulation and modifying strategy to fabricate high conductive and low liquid leakage composite phase change materials (CPCMs) for photo-thermal storage was proposed by constructing novel graphene doped LA/g-C3N4 CPCM. Firstly, LA is infiltrated into a novel two-dimensional porous matrix – the graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to prevent liquid leakage in the solid–liquid phase change process. Then it is further incorporated with a certain amount of graphite nanoplatelets to further enhance thermal conductivity. The encapsulation and modifying strategy enable the graphene doped LA/g-C3N4 to show excellent thermal storage performance for both heat and light energy, low liquid leakage, and high thermal stability. The hybrid LA/g-C3N4 with 5 wt% graphene (CPCM3) modification has a melting temperature of 45.88 °C and enthalpy of 159.19 J/g. The corresponding solidification temperature and enthalpy are 43.36 °C and 144.40 J/g, respectively. Its thermal conductivity at 50 °C is enhanced to 0.9338 W/(m·K) (one time higher than single LA), also superior to the state-of-the-art LA-based CPCMs. After 100 thermal cycles, the composite phase change material only suffers low mass loss and latent heat loss of phase change, which proves the good thermal reliability. Furthermore, TGA and DTG data indicate that CPCM3 can maintain good thermal stability in the normal operating temperature range. In the whole, the joint effect of the porous g-C3N4 matrix and graphene modification improve the thermal storage performance of LA through the improvement of liquid immobilization and thermal conductivity. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating high conductive and low liquid-leakage CPCM toward enhanced photo-thermal storage.

Carbon Dots Mediated In Situ Confined Growth of Bi Clusters on g-C3 N4 Nanomeshes for Boosting Plasma-Assisted Photoreduction of CO2.

Synthesis of high-efficiency, cost-effective, and stable photocatalysts has long been a priority for sustainable photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CRR), given its importance in achieving carbon neutrality goals under the new development philosophy. Fundamentally, the sluggish interface charge transportation and poor selectivity of products remain a challenge in the CRR progress. Herein, this work unveils a synergistic effect between high-density monodispersed Bi/carbon dots (CDs) and ultrathin graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) nanomeshes for plasma-assisted photocatalytic CRR. The optimal g-C3 N4 /Bi/CDs heterojunction displays a high selectivity of 98% for CO production with a yield up to 22.7 µmol g-1 without any sacrificial agent. The in situ confined growth of plasmonic Bi clusters favors the production of more hot carriers and improves the conductivity of g-C3 N4 . Meanwhile, a built-in electric field driving force modulates the directional injection photogenerated holes from plasmonic Bi clusters and g-C3 N4 photosensitive units to adjacent CDs reservoirs, thus promoting the rapid separation and oriented transfer in the CRR process. This work sheds light on the mechanism of plasma-assisted photocatalytic CRR and provides a pathway for designing highly efficient plasma-involved photocatalysts.

Ionothermally synthesized S-scheme isotype heterojunction of carbon nitride with significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction

Graphitic phase carbon nitride (CN) is a safe and green photocatalyst, but the activity of the pristine CN photocatalyst is still unsatisfactory due to the significant recombination of photogenerated charges, so it is still challenging to realize the practical application of CN for photocatalysis. Herein, we report that a mechanical mixture consisting of pre-thermally polymerized melamine (Me) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) can be transformed into a crystalline isotype heterojunction material (ISCNMT) by ionothermal synthesis. A series of characterizations and photocatalytic tests demonstrate that the polymerizability, porosity and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the constructed ISCNMT have been improved. The photogenerated charge pairs of the ISCNMT can migrate in S-scheme, indicating that ISCNMT retains the strongest reduction capacity and greatly improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge pairs. As a result, the ISCNMT exhibits outstanding performance. Its catalytic efficiency for visible light-triggered hydrogen evolution from water can reach 9.64 mmol·g−1·h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 26.23%, which is 21 or 45 times higher than that of the carbon nitride material directly polymerized by Me or AT (CNM or CNT). In addition, the ISCNMT has a catalytic efficiency of 15.64 μmol·g−1·h−1 for photocatalysis CO2 reduction under water vapor. This work provides a facile pathway for designing S-scheme isotype heterojunction CN-based photocatalysts for the efficient conversion of solar energy.

Enhanced support effects in single-atom copper-incorporated carbon nitride for photocatalytic suzuki cross-coupling reactions

Conditioning the nature of metal active sites for better performance by well designing and constructing the support material is always appealing in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, Cu species was introduced into the bulk phase of carbon nitride to strengthen the interlayer connection and optimize the electronic structure. The resulting material (CN-Cu) demonstrated an enhanced support effect for Pd catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions under light illumination. Detailed characterizations showed that Cu species were atomically incorporated in intra/interlayer of CN framework through coordinating with pyridinic nitrogen, leading to improved light absorption and more efficient charge carrier transfer. More importantly, the electronic effect of CN-Cu to the surface Pd was enhanced by the electron drift from Cu to N, thereby rendered an electron-rich Pd surface. Such Pd surfaces allowed faster electron injection from Pd(0) to the LUMO of aryl halides and therefore accelerate the rate-determining step of the coupling reaction.

Selective production of singlet oxygen for harmful cyanobacteria inactivation and cyanotoxins degradation: Efficiency and mechanisms

Knowledge about the impact of singlet oxygen (1O2) on the characteristics and inactivation of harmful cyanobacterial organic matter is limited. In this study, the feasibility of using an improved single-iron doped graphite-like phase carbon nitride catalyst (FeCN) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic production of 1O2 to inactivate four harmful cyanobacteria was investigated. The inactivation efficiencies at 30 min were 92.77%, 66.84%, 91.06%, and 93.45% for Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), Nodularia harveyana, Oscillatoria sp., and Nostoc sp., respectively. This was associated with adjusting experimental parameters, such as the FeCN and PMS doses and initial pH, to obtain the maximum 1O2 yield. The quenching experiment results and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that 1O2 generated via the non-radical pathway might play a dominant role in inactivating harmful cyanobacteria and degrading harmful algal toxins (Microcystin-LR and Nodularin). In addition, the FeCN-PMS system not only effectively destroyed the integrity of harmful cyanobacterial cells but also effectively degraded cyanobacterial toxins, thereby preventing severe secondary contamination by cell rupture. A possible removal mechanism was proposed. This reveals the potential of 1O2 to simultaneously inactivate harmful cyanobacteria and degrade harmful cyanobacterial toxins.