Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies Research Articles

Carbon Footprint and Emission Reduction Strategies During Potato Cultivation

Carbon Footprint and Emission Reduction Strategies During Potato Cultivation

Strategic Analysis of International Oil and Gas Companies’ Response to Global Carbon Emission Reduction Initiatives

This study investigates the role of oil and gas companies, particularly INDOPERTA, in mitigating global carbon emissions among rising energy demands and a shift toward coal and oil. This study highlights the urgency for strategic energy realignment and cleaner, sustainable sources, drawing from International Energy Agency (IEA) reports and various studies. The objective is to understand how companies such as INDOPERTA can integrate operations with effective carbon emission reduction strategies. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining qualitative analysis of stakeholder perspectives with the AHP to prioritize initiatives based on identified criteria. Findings reveal compliance and regulation and leadership as critical areas needing focused resource allocation. The AHP analysis underscores the strategic importance of renewable energy investment and the pivotal role of leadership and innovation. It suggests a multifaceted approach involving regulatory adherence, international cooperation, and leadership development for effective carbon reduction. The study concludes that international oil and gas companies are at a crucial juncture. They must align their operations with global environmental goals and innovate to remain relevant in the climate agenda. It provides a roadmap for strategy realignment toward sustainability. However, this study has limitations, including its geographical focus, the dynamic nature of the industry, subjectivity in qualitative research and AHP, and reliance on secondary data. These findings highlight the need for ongoing research that adapts to industry changes and global carbon reduction efforts, ensuring that strategies remain relevant and effective.

Analysis and Value Evaluation of Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies in the Power Industry Based on Real Options Theory and XGboost Algorithm

China, as the world’s largest energy consumer, has made significant commitments regarding carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In order to realize the goal of “dual carbon,” this paper proposes a method for analyzing and evaluating carbon emission reduction strategies in the electric power industry based on physical options theory and the XGBoost algorithm. Starting from the study of carbon emission reduction strategies for power enterprises, the model is oriented towards investment in energy-saving and emission reduction technologies for thermal power, aiming to construct the least-cost carbon emission reduction strategy. Additionally, it comprehensively considers changes in carbon trading mechanisms and the uncertainty of investment budgets for emission reduction, integrating machine learning algorithms to assess the emission reduction value of enterprises during the research period. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance and strategic suggestions for existing thermal power enterprises to cope with the implementation of carbon trading mechanisms. Finally, through case analysis, the effectiveness of this method is validated.

Impact of Environmental Protection Tax on carbon intensity in China.

In the context of increasingly severe global climate change, finding effective carbon emission reduction strategies has become key to mitigating climate change. Environmental Protection Tax (EPT), as a widely recognized method, effectively promotes climate change mitigation by encouraging emission reduction behaviors and promoting the application of clean technologies. Based on data from 282 cities in China, this paper takes the official implementation of the EPT in 2018 as the policy impact and the cities with increased tax rates for air taxable pollutants as the treatment group and uses DID model to systematically demonstrate the relationship between the implementation of the EPT and carbon intensity (CI) and further explores the possible pollutant emissions and green innovation mediating effects. The findings show that (1) the implementation of EPT can effectively reduce CI by about 4.75%, and this conclusion still holds after considering the robustness of variable selection bias, elimination of other normal effects, policy setting time bias, and self-selection bias. (2) The implementation of EPT can reduce CI by reducing pollutant emissions and improving the level of green innovation. (3) There is obvious regional heterogeneity in the carbon reduction effect of EPT, and the implementation of EPT has a more significant effect on CI in medium-tax areas, low environmental concern areas, general cities, and eastern regions. This paper not only provides a new analytical perspective for systematically understanding the carbon emission reduction effect of EPT but also provides policy insights for promoting regional green transformation and advancing carbon peak carbon neutralization.

LiDAR-based reference aboveground biomass maps for tropical forests of South Asia and Central Africa

Accurate mapping and monitoring of tropical forests aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial to design effective carbon emission reduction strategies and improving our understanding of Earth’s carbon cycle. However, existing large-scale maps of tropical forest AGB generated through combinations of Earth Observation (EO) and forest inventory data show markedly divergent estimates, even after accounting for reported uncertainties. To address this, a network of high-quality reference data is needed to calibrate and validate mapping algorithms. This study aims to generate reference AGB datasets using field inventory plots and airborne LiDAR data for eight sites in Central Africa and five sites in South Asia, two regions largely underrepresented in global reference AGB datasets. The study provides access to these reference AGB maps, including uncertainty maps, at 100 m and 40 m spatial resolutions covering a total LiDAR footprint of 1,11,650 ha [ranging from 150 to 40,000 ha at site level]. These maps serve as calibration/validation datasets to improve the accuracy and reliability of AGB mapping for current and upcoming EO missions (viz., GEDI, BIOMASS, and NISAR).

Buyer-Backed Purchase Order and Advance Payment Discount Financing Under Carbon Trade Revenue-Sharing Contract

The promotion of low-carbon production is a crucial aspect of sustainable development, and carbon trading has proven to be an effective means of achieving this goal. However, the limited capital hinders small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from achieving low-carbon production. Thus, this paper examines a low-carbon supply chain comprising a financially constrained manufacturer and a well-funded retailer. We propose a game-theoretical model that addresses the financial constraints of the manufacturer through buyer-backed purchase order financing (BPOF) or advance payment discount (APD) with carbon trading revenue-sharing contracts. We investigate the determination of pricing and carbon emission reduction strategies by firms utilizing diverse financing models. We find that the total amount of carbon emission reduction increases with the manufacturer’s carbon trade revenue-sharing ratio. The financing rate of BPOF has a negative impact on the amount of carbon emission reduction, while the discount rate of APD will not affect either the carbon emission reduction or the revenue of the supply chain. Among the two financing strategies, APD is optimal for maximizing profit and promoting low-carbon development throughout the supply chain.

Evaluation of by-product-gas utilization options for carbon reduction at an integrated iron and steel mill

The comprehensive utilization of steel mill by-product gases is an important method for achieving climate goals. In this study, a comprehensive model is proposed for analyzing carbon-emission reduction strategies of by-product gases comprehensive utilization system at an integrated iron and steel mill. The model is used to explore carbon-emission reduction performance applying blast furnace with top-gas recycling (TGR-BF) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications, as well as consequent influence on steam and power cogeneration system (SPCS) operation. Carbon-emission intensity, total emission reduction and unit reduction cost are used to evaluate the carbon reduction result of by-product gases comprehensive utilization system. The results of the study indicate that the upgrade of SPCS can achieve an emission reduction of 311,200 tCO2, and the carbon-emission intensity of the power and heat supply can be reduced by 0.14 tCO2/104 kWh and 0.02 tCO2/GJ, respectively. After TGR-BF technology is applied, the total emission reduction peaks at the top-gas recovery rate of 6%, which is 85,100 tCO2. The unit reduction cost is also minimized at the top-gas recovery rate of 6%. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the reduction of power price significantly reduces the unit reduction cost.

Enhancing micro grid sustainability: Genetic-driven reptile search algorithm based carbon emission and cost reduction strategy

Grid architecture is continuously changing in response to modern energy rules that ensure the integration of more renewable sources to lower the carbon footprint. The integration of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources (RESs) using low voltage grids is a possible alternative to a centralized method. Due to a recent trend, microgrids (MGs) are reducing their reliance on the primary grid by incorporating localized sources of electricity including energy storage devices, micro turbines, and fuel cells. Due to the expanding number of spread generating sources with diverse features, power dispatching schedule for distribution micro grids is becoming more challenging. This study offers a dispatch scheduling method from the perspective of an operator. The primary objective of this study is to employ the Genetic-driven Reptile search algorithm (G-RSA) for the dual purpose of minimizing carbon emissions and reducing costs within each microgrid. Additionally, fewer sale and purchase are made from the primary grid. Transmission losses are consequently reduced.

A study on the dynamic impact of carbon emission trading on green and high-quality development.

As a pivotal element in market mechanisms, carbon trading is increasingly recognized as crucial for achieving China's Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals. This study introduces a comprehensive dynamic model, integrating carbon trading, emissions, economic growth, and green technology innovation, to offer a holistic understanding of the interplay between these domains. Utilizing principles from nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory, the model is adept at simulating various scenarios and assessing the effectiveness of government policies in stabilizing these complex systems. In-depth analysis provided by this research sheds light on the nuanced impact of carbon trading policies on sustainable development. Key findings highlight (1) Carbon trading's essential role as a catalyst in propelling sustainable and high-quality growth. (2) A strong positive relationship is observed between the sophistication of the carbon trading mechanism and its effectiveness in stimulating green technology innovation and fostering high-quality green development. Notably, carbon trading's influence on green technology innovation markedly enhances the efficacy of carbon emission reduction strategies. (3) Government regulations are instrumental in augmenting carbon prices, thus incentivizing increased corporate participation in emission reduction and enhancing the overall impact of carbon emission reduction. Nevertheless, the study identifies a critical threshold in regulatory intensity, beyond which there is a risk of system destabilization ( ). These findings underscore the imperative for developing an integrated national carbon emission trading market, prioritizing sustainable growth strategies and diligently pursuing China's environmental objectives.

Rethinking the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis across 214 countries: the impacts of 12 economic, institutional, technological, resource, and social factors

Research over the past three decades has provided rich empirical evidence for the inverted U-shaped EKC theory, but current problems facing advancing climate mitigation actions require us to re-examine the shape of global EKC rigorously. This paper examined the N-shaped EKC in a panel of 214 countries with 12 traditional and emerging variables, including institutions and risks, information and communication technology (ICT), artificial intelligence(AI), resource and energy use, and selected social factors. The two-dimensional Tapio decoupling model based on N-shaped EKC to group homogeneous countries is developed to explore the inter-group heterogeneous carbon emission effects of each variable. Global research results show that the linear and cubic terms of GDP per capita are significantly positive, while the quadratic term is significantly negative, regardless of whether additional variables are added. This means the robust existence of an N-shaped EKC. Geopolitical risk, ICT, and food security are confirmed to positively impact per capita carbon emissions, while the impact of composite risk, institutional quality, digital economy, energy transition, and population aging are significantly negative. The impact of AI, natural resource rents, trade openness, and income inequality are insignificant. The inflection points of the N-shaped EKC considering all additional variables are 45.08 and 73.44 thousand US dollars, respectively. Combining the turning points and the calculated decoupling coefficients, all countries are categorized into six groups based on the two-dimensional decoupling model. The subsequent group regression results show heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of the carbon emission impacts of most variables. Finally, differentiated carbon emission reduction strategies for countries in six two-dimensional decoupling stages are proposed.

Scenarios for Adoption of Low-Carbon Household Cooking Fuels in Biomass-Dependent Informal Settlements of Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Analysis of Kisumu City

The use of unclean cooking fuels is widespread in urban informal settlements in Africa, while the adoption of clean fuels is largely done by stacking with traditional biomass fuels. Rapid urbanisation has aggravated the situation since it hampers effective planning for climate action and the provision of clean and affordable cooking fuels. It is, therefore, essential to deploy effective household carbon emissions (HCE) reduction strategies that are cognizant of the fuel use patterns and household dynamics of households in urban informal settlements. This study highlights the status of HCE in Kisumu City’s informal settlements and subsequently explores possible pathways for reducing emissions through the adoption of low-carbon cooking fuels. The paper features existing and plausible emissions scenarios in the informal settlements of Kisumu City. The study adopts a descriptive correlation research design targeting a sample 419 households drawn from seven informal settlements of Kisumu City. Binary logistic regression is used to establish the relationships that exist between household characteristics and the adoption of clean fuels. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals existing and probable emission pathways, informed by varying household characteristics and adjusting fuel-stacking scenarios. Household income has a positive correlation with adoption of clean fuel combinations (p<0.01), while household size does not have a significant relationship with adoption of clean fuels. The annual HCE attributable to cooking in Kisumu City’s informal settlements is 976 KgCO2. Fuel stacking nuances are vital considerations in choosing practical emission reduction pathways for these households. Emission reduction scenario that contemplates transitioning households that use charcoal in their fuel stacks to using LPG has the highest emission reduction potential of 72%. Although an emission scenario that includes LPG in the fuel mix of households that do not use it has an emission reduction potential of just 9%, it is the most realistic option since it accommodates the phenomenon of fuel stacking

A Qualitative Review on the Strategies to Reduce the Buildings’ Carbon Emissions

As stated in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) document, which establishes emission reduction objectives for 2030, the Government of Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement, a worldwide agreement to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and to address the consequences of climate change. This was accomplished through Law No. 16 of 2016. To achieve zero emissions, Indonesia focuses on reducing the use of fossil fuels, adopting environmentally friendly technologies, and increasing the utilization of renewable energy. Global environmental challenges, driven by climate change, have far-reaching implications, including severe health and economic consequences. This study aims to explores the strategies globally performed to reduce the carbon emissions of buildings. To obtain that objective, this study uses a qualitative literature review. The study shows that strategies that can help reduce the buildings carbon emissions include population dynamics, solar photovoltaic, solar water heaters, material use, energy consumption, building stock, and economic considerations. The finding presents a unique opportunity for prioritizing green building practices and carbon emission reduction strategies in Indonesia.

A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model for Carbon Reduction Decisions in Shipping Industry

Considering the carbon trading mechanism and the preference of cargo side for low carbon shipping, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of three parties, namely, government, shipping enterprises and cargo side, and analyzes the evolutionary process of the choice of carbon emission reduction strategies of the three parties. Numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted based on the practical experience of Shanghai carbon trading pilot. The results show that, (1) Under the current conditions, the three-party strategy will eventually evolve into {the government actively supervises, shipping enterprises negatively reduce emission, and the cargo side actively responds}. (2) The stronger government intervention, the increase of carbon price can guide shipping enterprises to actively reduce emissions. (3) The idea of decarbonization driven by the demand side should be paid attention to, which can help bring together all parties to reduce emissions.

Digital Data Management Practices for Effective Embodied Carbon Estimation: A Systematic Evaluation of Barriers for Adoption in the Building Sector

The pervasive impact of industrialisation on our daily existence has precipitated carbon emissions that demand critical attention. Although international conventions and scholarly research have scrutinised carbon emission sources and reduction strategies, the integration of digital tools and databases for estimating embodied carbon emissions remains in an incipient phase. Consequently, this review study aims to seek to optimise opportunities for digital transformation and sustainable practices while addressing the digital carbon footprint in the building sector. Employing the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically analysed 59 publications amassed from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study’s search parameters encompassed the analytical dimensions of “embodied carbon”, “emission data”, and “barriers to digital transformation”. Through this rigorous process, 32 salient challenges and barriers were synthesised, encapsulated within four overarching parameters: traceability, accuracy, auditability, and efficiency. At its core, this study’s primary objective resides in the evaluation of existing barriers and challenges within the realm of carbon emission estimation. By doing so, it aspires to proffer a cogent knowledge model capable of catalysing the development of digital methodologies and models that can, with a high degree of accuracy, assess the burgeoning digital carbon footprint within the expansive domain of the building sector.

The Role of Accountants in Climate Change in the Cement Industry in Indonesia: Net Zero Emissions Movement 2060

The target of this study discusses the Role of Accountants on Climate Change related to Net Zero Emissions 2060 in the Cement Sub-Sector Industry in Indonesia. This study uses narrative analysis that describes the causes of climate change, the impact on company finances and accountants' efforts in dealing with field conditions. This study found that if the accounting profession can function dominantly covering various climate change issues, its function is to force all accountants to contribute to helping the government meet the target of the Net Zero Emissions 2060 movement by internalizing climate change issues in financial statements, assisting company management in making sustainable strategy planning, measuring environmental impacts and developing carbon emission reduction strategies. The conclusion of this study is companies registered in the cement sector industry in general have supported the Indonesian government's program in the Net Zero Emission 2060 movement. This is evidenced by the activities and activities they carry out in sustainability reports and corporate social responsibility activity reports

Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Karbon Ayak İzinin Belirlenmesi: Iğdır Üniversitesi Örneği

University campuses are centers of living where all kinds of sociocultural activities take place and where students spend most of their time throughout their education life. As a result of these activities, it is inevitable that atmospheric greenhouse gas levels in campuses will increase. One of the most common approaches for determining greenhouse gas emissions is the "carbon footprint". Carbon footprint is an indirect representation of the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of an organization or individual. This article deals with the calculation stages of the carbon footprint resulting from the activities of Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven campus and suggestions for reducing it. The calculations include various activities of the campus, and they contain generally accepted emission scopes. DEFRA guidance was used in the carbon footprint calculation of the campus and the base year for the calculation was 2022. The carbon footprint of Iğdır University in 2022 was calculated as 3679.66 tCO2e/year and 1.27x10-3 tCO2e/m2 on annual and area basis, respectively. These emissions are caused by factors such as natural gas consumption, electricity consumption, transport, water consumption and waste amount. The largest emission source is natural gas consumption (37%), followed by emissions from minibus transportation (31%). In conclusion, universities have an important role to play in identifying innovative approaches to measuring, controlling, and reducing carbon footprints by bringing together people with different skills and experience, advanced research facilities and resources. This article is thought to contribute to the literature in determining the process of preparing a university's greenhouse gas inventory, the possibilities of the university to achieve carbon neutrality and emission reduction strategies through the example of Iğdır University.

Collaborative allocation model and balanced interaction strategy of multi flexible resources in the new power system based on Stackelberg game theory

For realizing environment protection and carbon emission reduction strategy, the dominant position of renewable energy in the future power system has been clarified. Planning economic and efficient flexible resource system is the basis to balance multi fluctuations caused by large amount of renewable energy integration and ensure the safe operation of the whole power system. Considering that the flexibility adjustment demands of different links of the power system are not independent, but influence and restrict each other, this paper focuses on how to collaboratively allocate multi-flexible resources and achieve corresponding balancing interaction strategy. Firstly, a flexible resource system is composed through a fuzzy TODIM improved PROMETHEE-II model. Secondly, a multi-flexible resource collaborative allocation optimization model is proposed, which considers the Stackelberg game relationship of flexibility adjustment demand and ability in different links of the power system under varied fluctuation scenarios. The scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified by a practical case, and key incentive factors and specific development suggestions for improving flexible resources application efficiency are identified simultaneously. Since the collaborative planning of flexible resource system have not been deeply discussed by scholars yet, thus, this research contributes to the literature and expand the knowledge.

Role of Accountant to Net Zero Emission Carbon in Power Plant Company PT. Cikarang Listrindo Tbk

The application of accounting towards zero carbon emissions in power generation companies is a strategic initiative in facing the challenges of global climate change. Power generation companies are increasingly realizing the importance of reducing their environmental impact by adopting sustainable practices. One of the key steps in achieving this goal is to implement accounting that focuses on measuring, reporting, and managing carbon emissions. The study examines power companies' efforts in implementing zero carbon emissions accounting as part of their sustainability strategy. The approach involved identifying, measuring, and reporting carbon emissions from companies' operations, energy resources, and supply chains. This data is then used to develop carbon emission reduction strategies and identify energy efficiency opportunities. The results of the study show that the implementation of zero carbon emission accounting has helped power generation companies to identify potential carbon emission reductions, improve their operational efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and support business continuity. In addition, public disclosures about carbon emissions have strengthened the company's image in the eyes of stakeholders, such as customers, investors, and regulators.

Nonlinear impact of digital economy on carbon intensity: the moderating role of low-carbon regulation.

The development of the digital economy is an effective way to mitigate the carbon emission problem in the broader setting of the significant data era and green development. Based on the panel data of 271 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper constructs a bidirectional fixed model to analyze the nonlinear effect of the digital economy (DE) on carbon intensity (CI) and the moderating role of low-carbon regulation from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results show that (1) DE has an enormous inverted U-shaped impact on CI. The findings remain after introducing instrumental variables to mitigate endogeneity and robustness tests. (2) Low-carbon regulation (CP) can strengthen the inverted U-shaped impact between the two and shift the inflection point to the left. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped effect of DE on CI is more significant in the central and western regions, high human capital (HC) regions, and high urbanization regions. (4) The mediating effect of energy mix (EM) and green technology innovation (GTI) still hold after introducing instrumental variables to alleviate the endogenous effect of the intermediary effect. This study suggests that the adoption of carbon emission reduction strategies, which will more effectively lower carbon intensity CI, should go hand in hand with the development of DE.

Temporal and spatial evolution of agricultural carbon emissions and their impact on functional zoning: evidence from Hubei Province

IntroductionTo investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of agricultural carbon emissions and carbon absorption, analyse the spatiotemporal variations in the carbon balance, delineate carbon-offsetting regions, and formulate low-carbon development strategies tailored to various major functional zones, this study aims to promote coordinated regional ecological and environmental governance.MethodsThis study takes a perspective based on major functional zones, focuses on 17 cities in Hubei Province, studies the spatiotemporal variations in agricultural carbon budgets and carbon offsets in each city from the perspective of functional zoning and proposes a spatial optimization scheme for reducing carbon emissions.Results and discussionThe results show that both agricultural carbon emissions and carbon absorption in Hubei Province gradually increased, although the agricultural carbon budgets varied significantly among cities. Arable lands were the main agricultural carbon sinks in Hubei Province. Overall, carbon emissions exhibited declining core–periphery zonation, with Xiangyang, Jingzhou, and Huanggang serving as the centre (high emissions) and the cities of Shennongjia, Enshi, and Yichang serving as the periphery (low emissions). Carbon absorption displayed a U-shaped distribution, with high values in the east, south, and west and low values in the centre and north. The cities of Yichang, Jingmen, and Huanggang were the peak carbon sink areas. In recent years, the coordination between the agricultural carbon emissions and carbon budgets in Hubei Province has gradually improved, and agricultural carbon absorption and emissions have become increasingly balanced. Seven carbon-positive, five carbon-neutral, and five carbon-negative areas were identified in the province. Based on these findings, differentiated carbon emission reduction strategies were proposed to promote coordinated and low-carbon agriculture.