Carbon Disulfide Research Articles

Improved Protocols for the Synthesis of Precursors of Thiazol-2-ylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

AbstractWe report improved protocols for the synthesis of thiazolium precatalysts from primary amines, carbon disulfide, and α-halo ketones. For N-alkyl-substituted derivatives, yields of the corresponding thiazolethiones can be dramatically improved by isolating the intermediate dithiocarbamates. In most cases, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid can advantageously replace H2O2 in acetic acid for the oxidation of thiazolethiones into thiazoliums. This approach was applied to the synthesis of a thiazolium featuring a 2-adamantyl N-substituent, the corresponding persistent carbene, and its dimer.

Methane gas emission during the spontaneous combustion of sub-bituminous C coal with different organic sulfur content in the temporary stockpile

ABSTRACT Sub-bituminous C coal stored in temporary stockpiles for long periods often causes spontaneous combustion. Intensive spontaneous combustion causes negative impacts such as methane gas emissions that are exposed to the air. This research aims to analyze the effect of differences in organic sulfur content in the form of carbon disulfide on the formation of methane gas emissions in the spontaneous combustion of sub-bituminous C coal in the temporary stockpile. The method used in this research uses field surveys and the data are analyzed using normality and regression tests. The results show that the spontaneous combustion of sub-bituminous C coal that occurs in the temporary stockpile is strongly influenced by the organic sulfur content in the form of carbon disulfide and the water content of the coal. Regression analysis shows BB52HS coal with high organic sulfur content and low water content produces methane gas emissions of 1,450 - 24,000 ppm.

4-Fluoro-benzyl (Z)-2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl-idene)hydrazine-1-carbodi-thio-ate.

The title compound, C16H12FN3OS, a fluorinated di-thio-carbazate imine derivative, was synthesized by the one-pot, multi-component condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate, carbon di-sulfide, 4-fluoro-benzyl chloride and isatin. The compound demonstrates near-planarity across much of the mol-ecule in the solid state and a Z configuration for the azomethine C=N bond. The Z form is further stabilized by the presence of an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the extended structure, mol-ecules are linked into dimers by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and further connected into chains along either [20] or [100] by weak C-H⋯S and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, which further link into corrugated sheets and in combination form the overall three-dimensional network.

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2‐Aminobenzothiazoles derivatives have revealed a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti‐HIV, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐microbial, anti‐tumour, anti‐infective, and anti‐convulsant activities. A great amount of 2‐aminobenzothiazole derivatives have been applied in drugs for the treatment of human diseases. A convenient approach for the construction of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles via I2‐catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction of amines and carbon disulfide has been developed. More details are discussed in the article by Deng et al. on page 846—852.image

Successful prevention of organic solvent induced disorders: history and lessons.

In this discussion paper, we describe the history of the science and societal action resulting in the mitigation of neurotoxic disorders from exposure to organic solvents at the workplaces in Sweden. When alkyd paints were introduced in large scale in construction painting in the 1960s and 1970s, Scandinavian unions voiced increasing concern as members reported symptoms like headache and vertigo, supported by participatory studies and case studies. Although acute and chronic neurotoxic effects were established for some specific solvents such as carbon disulphide, this was not the case for those used in the new paints. Union advocacy promoted formal epidemiological studies, providing increasing evidence for chronic neurotoxicity at levels far below current occupational exposure levels. The results were widely disseminated and accepted and led to concerted action with preventive measures, most importantly substitution of the organic solvents in paints for indoor use, but also drastic reductions in occupational exposure limits. The findings also resulted in funding of further research on solvent toxicity and the establishment of expert groups to advice authorities on occupational standards for exposure to chemicals. The substitution strategy was subsequently adopted in many other countries and occupational exposure limits were lowered, although several years or even decades later. While the societal context in Sweden was unique in many ways, we conclude that there are lessons to be learned from this preventive success when addressing current challenges.

Synthesis of Dipiperazine Thiuramdisulphide (DPTD) and its application as a safe accelerator for the vulcanisation of natural rubber

Dipiperazine thiuramdisulphide (DPTD) prepared in the laboratory using piperazine, triethyl amine and carbon disulphide as reactants acts as an accelerator for the vulcanization of natural rubber. The DPTD synthesised in our laboratory was characterized by FTIR, CHNS and the estimation of amine value. Results of the MTT assay test shows that the DPTD is a safe (non-carcinogenic) chemical. For comparable dosages of the accelerator, the DPTD based latex and dry natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates show improved mechanical properties as compared to tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) based vulcanisates. DPTD may be considered as a safe replacement for the nitrosamine generating TMTD in natural rubber based formulations.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiphlogistic Activity of Some New 4-Fluorophenyltriazolothiadiazines

The reaction between 4-fluorobenzoic acid hydrazide (1) and carbon disulfide in the existence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide yielded N?-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-hydrazinecarbodithioic acid (2). Subsequently, product 2 on reaction with an aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate led to the formation of compound 3. The condensation of compound 3 with various substituted ?-bromoacetophenones in ethanol furnished the targeted triazolothiadiazines, bearing a 4-fluorophenyl moiety (4a-l). Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation of the antiphlogistic potential of the synthesized molecules 4a-l was conducted. This assessment was completed using albino Wistar rats that had their paws swollen with carrageenan. Compounds 4l and 4b demonstrated significant (P < 0.01) antiphlogistic activity. Furthermore, compounds 4d, 4f, and 4k exhibited noteworthy antiphlogistic effects (P < 0.05), comparable to the standard drug indomethacin. This study sheds light on the antiphlogistic properties of these compounds and holds promise for further research in this area. . KEYWORDS :Antiphlogistic, Anti-inflammatory, 4-Fluorophenyl, Triazole, Thiadiazine.

Simulation of the VOC Adsorption Mechanism on Activated Carbon Surface by Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups

In this paper, the physical adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl sulfide (C2H6S), and benzene (C6H6) by three models of activated carbon (without a functional group, with a pyridine-containing functional group, and with a pyrrole-containing functional group) was simulated. The surface electrostatic potential (ESP), physical adsorption energy, and non-covalent interaction between activated carbon and VOC molecules were analyzed based on the density functional theory (DFT). The effect mechanism of nitrogen-containing functional groups on VOC adsorption by activated carbon was determined. Our simulations showed that nitrogen-containing functional groups can change the surface ESP and polarity of activated carbon. The pyrrole functional group is conducive to CH3Cl and CS2 adsorption on the activated carbon plane, while the pyridine functional group is relatively small or even unfavorable for CH3Cl and CS2 adsorption on the activated carbon plane. The promotional effect of the pyrrole functional group on the adsorption of C2H6S is more significant than that of the pyridine functional group. The adsorption of C6H6 on activated carbon occurs through parallel-displaced π–π stacking interactions, in which functional groups have little influence on it. The adsorption energy of VOCs on the activated carbon plane is higher than that at the edge, so VOCs are more likely to be adsorbed on the activated carbon plane.

Microscopic insights into acid corrosion effects on chelated MSW incineration fly ash: Mechanisms of chelate destabilization

Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate (SDD) is commonly applied to mitigate the release of heavy metals (HMs) into the environment from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA). Despite this common application, limited research has been conducted on the impact of environmental conditions on chelate destabilization during long-term landfilling. In this study, a batch leaching test was performed on chelated IFA buried for 10 years, revealing that the leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded landfill standards by 51.7% and 26.0%, respectively, indicating the chelate destabilization occurrence. To elucidate this phenomenon, various physicochemical experiments were conducted to unveil the underlying mechanisms emphasizing changes in HMs fractions (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu) under acidic corrosion, and exploring the microscopic perspective of the chelate destabilization process. The key findings were summarized as follows: (I) The immobilization effect of SDD on Zn and Cd was not highly effective, with most of these metals being fixed on IFA through inorganic complexes. Theses HMs destabilization showed a negative correlation with the pH levels, indicating that higher acidity facilitated the release of HMs (59.0 mg/kg for Zn and 5.8 mg/kg for Cd). (II) After exposure to acid corrosion, the stable fraction of HMs decreased, because HM-SDD complexes decomposed into inorganic salts and carbon disulfide. This process further exacerbates the transporting effect of HMs on chelated IFA, thereby increasing the long-term leaching risk. (Ⅲ) A leaching equilibrium of HMs existed at the IFA surface, primarily influenced by the types and concentrations of anions in the leachate. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the stability of chelated IFA and provides valuable insights into the long-term environmental implications of such materials in landfill settings.

Revealing the Marine Cycles of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Their Biogeochemical Controls: A Case of the Western North Pacific.

Volatile sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and carbon disulfide (CS2), have significant implications for both atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Despite the crucial role of oceans in regulating their atmospheric budgets, our comprehension of their cycles in seawater remains insufficient. To address this gap, a field investigation was conducted in the western North Pacific to clarify the sources, sinks, and biogeochemical controls of these gases in two different marine environments, including relatively eutrophic Kuroshio-Oyashio extension (KOE) and oligotrophic North Pacific subtropical gyre. Our findings revealed higher concentrations of these gases in both seawater and the atmosphere in the KOE compared to the subtropical gyre. In the KOE, nutrient-rich upwelling stimulated rapid DMS biological production, while reduced seawater temperatures hindered the removal of OCS and CS2, leading to their accumulation. Furthermore, we have quantitatively evaluated the relative contribution of each pathway to the source and sink of DMS, OCS, and CS2 within the mixed layer and identified vertical exchange as a potential sink in most cases, transporting substantial amounts of these gases from the mixed layer to deeper waters. This research advances our understanding of sulfur gas source-sink dynamics in seawater, contributing to the assessment of their marine emissions and atmospheric budgets.

Sequentially Deposited Elastomer‐Based Ternary Active Layer for High‐Performance Stretchable Organic Solar Cells

AbstractStretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) with high power conversion efficiency and good mechanical deformation are promising as power sources for wearable electronics. However, synergistic improvement of both photovoltaic efficiency and mechanical ductility is challenging for state‐of‐the‐art polymer donor: non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based photovoltaic active layers. Here, a high‐performance stretchable OSC with a power conversion efficiency of 16.54% and a crack‐onset strain of 26.38% by synergetic optimization film microstructure of sequentially deposited ternary active layer consisting of a polymer donor poly[2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene))‐alt‐5,5'‐(5,8‐bis(4‐(2‐butyloctyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)dithieno[3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6]benzo[1,2‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (D18), an NFA 2,2'‐((2Z,2'Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene)bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalonitrile) (Y6), and an elastomer polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) is reported. Adding a low‐content solvent additive para‐xylene into main solvent carbon disulfide induces high‐density fibers networks with low crystallinity in bottom D18 layer, and this further suppresses the large phase separation between Y6 and SEBS in top layer. Moreover, incorporating a solid additive 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐chlorobenzene with better compatibility with Y6 can promote Y6 dispersions to form smaller ordered domains in SEBS matrix. Finally, the optimal ternary active layer shows significantly higher efficiency and stretchability, resulting in a large efficiency‐stretchability factor of 4.36%, which is among the best values for stretchable OSCs.

Synthesis of New Benzoxazole Derivatives and Evaluation of their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

Analytical chemistry aims to synthesize some novel benzoxazole derivatives with lower side effects and more efficacy. In this research, we synthesized the target compound’s reaction of 2- aminophenol in methanol and added carbon disulfide to obtain benzo[d] oxazole-2-thiol. This obtained compound again reacts with 4-chlorobenzoic acid to form 4-(benzo [d]oxazol-2-ylthio) benzoic acid. 4-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-ylthio) benzoic acid was further treated with substituted esters to give the crude product (4a-4e). The structures of derivatives are characterized with the help of IR, 1H NMR, TLC Spectroscopy, and melting point. The derivatives of the compounds were tested for antibacterial & antifungal activities. Antimicrobial evaluation was performed individually with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were the two types of fungi on which antifungal activities were conducted. The outcomes were compared to those of the common medications Amphotericin B and Ciprofloxacin. It was discovered that the produced compounds have considerable antibacterial and antifungal activity. Four synthesized derivatives are named as 4 (d, b, e, c). The 4 d showed a good antimicrobial activity against the S. aureus. The 4 c showed good antifungal activities against the Candida albicans MTCC3541. The order of antifungal activity of these synthesized compounds is 4c >4e > 4b >4d. The standard. The 4 c showed a good antifungal activity against the C. albicans.

Chemical and mechanical analysis of hard coatings exposed under the supercritical CO2 Venus atmospheric surface conditions

The extremely hot and dense environment on Venusian surface will degrade almost any material via atmosphere-surface interactions, therefore the exploitation of its soil and atmosphere is very challenging. Exploring rovers are designed with mostly mechanical parts, and the knowledge of the effect of Venusian exposure on mechanical and tribological systems is very important for the longevity of the missions. Herein, we studied the effect of 3-day Venusian exposure on selected interfaces. It was found that diamond-like carbon (DLC) and Ti-doped molybdenum disulfide (TiMoS2) experienced negligible morphological changes, whereas polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and PS400 (plasma sprayed Ni-alloy) formed few-microns thick sulfur-containing reacted surface layers after exposure. Also, PCD retained its structural integrity, while the mechanical properties of DLC deteriorated the most, manifested as 49% decrease in hardness. The hardness of PS400 and TiMoS2 degraded to a lesser degree, with 8 and 26% decrease, respectively. The above coatings could be candidate materials to coat structural and bearing systems in the rovers, probes, and drills for future missions to Venus.

Encapsulation of Titanium Disulfide into MOF-Derived N,S-Doped Carbon Nanotablets Toward Suppressed Shuttle Effect and Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance.

Titanium disulfide (TiS2) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, but it suffers from severe volume variation and shuttle effect of the intermediate polysulfides. To overcome the drawbacks, herein the successful fabrication of TiS2@N,S-codoped C (denoted as TiS2@NSC) through a chemical vapor reaction between Ti-based metal-organic framework (NH2-MIL-125) and carbon disulfide (CS2) is demonstrated. The C─N bonds enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity of the TiS2@NSC electrode, while the C─S bonds provide extra sodium storage capacity, and both polar bonds synergistically suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Consequently, the TiS2@NSC electrode demonstrates outstanding cycling stability and rate performance, delivering reversible capacities of 418/392mAhg-1 after 1000 cycles at 2/5Ag-1. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope analyses reveal that TiS2 undergoes an intercalation-conversion ion storage mechanism with the generation of metallic Ti in a deeper sodiation state, and the pristine hexagonal TiS2 is electrochemically transformed into cubic rock-salt TiS2 as a reversible phase with enhanced reaction kinetics upon sodiation/desodiation cycling. The strategy to encapsulate TiS2 in N,S-codoped porous carbon matrices efficiently realizes superior conductivity and physical/chemical confinement of the soluble polysulfides, which can be generally applied for the rational design of advanced electrodes.

Exploring the Antiproliferative Potency of Pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives: Studies on Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, SAR, Docking, and DFT Calculations.

Herein, an efficient method for the synthesis of a new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been adopted through the reaction of hydrazinyl pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivative (1) with different electrophilic species, such as ethyl cyanoacetate and different 1,3 diketone derivatives, gave the corresponding derivatives (2-5). Meanwhile, pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines (6-11) were synthesized via reaction of hydrazine derivative 1 with phenylisothiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, and carbon disulfide. Compound 1 was also submitted to react with different carbonyl compounds to afford pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives (12-15). All the newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8 displayed very strong inhibitory activity against the two cell lines compared with the standard drug doxorubicin. Furthermore, a docking study of the most active compounds was performed with the thymidylate synthase enzyme (PDB: Code 6qxg). Moreover, DFT calculation was carried out for the most biologically active compounds and a reference drug (Doxorubicin) using the B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level of theory. The calculated EHOMO and ELUMO energies were used to calculate the global reactivity parameters. Finally, Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and structure activity relationship (SAR) were studied to correlate the relation between chemical structure and reactivity.

Spatial and seasonal variability in volatile organic sulfur compounds in seawater and the overlying atmosphere of the Bohai and Yellow seas

Abstract. Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VSCs), including carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbonyl sulfide (COS), were surveyed in the seawater of the Bohai and Yellow seas and the overlying atmosphere during spring and summer of 2018 to understand the production and loss of VSCs and their influence factors. The concentration ranges of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the surface seawater were 0.14–0.42, 0.41–7.74, and 0.01–0.18 nmol L−1 during spring and 0.32–0.61, 1.31–18.12, and 0.01–0.65 nmol L−1 during summer, respectively. The COS concentrations exhibited positive correlation with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seawater during summer, which verified the photochemical production of COS from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). High DMS concentrations occurred near the Yellow River, Laizhou Bay, and Yangtze River estuary, coinciding with high nitrate and chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations due to river discharge during summer. The COS, DMS, and CS2 concentrations were the highest in the surface seawater and decreased with the depth. The mixing ratios of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the atmosphere were 255.9–620.2, 1.3–191.2, and 5.2–698.8 pptv during spring and 394.6–850.1, 10.3–464.3, and 15.3–672.7 pptv in summer, respectively. The ratios of mean oceanic concentrations and atmospheric mixing ratios for summer to spring in COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.8, 3.1, 3.7 and 1.6, 4.6, 1.5, respectively. The ratios of the mean sea-to-air fluxes for summer to spring in COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.2, 2.1, and 4.3. The sea-to-air fluxes of VSCs indicated that the marginal seas are important sources of VSCs in the atmosphere. The results support a better understanding of the contribution of VSCs in marginal seas.

Carbon disulfide induces accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat spinal cords.

The relationship between environmental neurotoxicant exposure and neurodegenerative diseases is being extensively investigated. Carbon disulfide, a classic neurotoxicant and prototype of dithiocarbamates fungicides and anti-inflammatory agents, has been detected in urban adults, raising questions about whether exposure to carbon disulfide is associated with a high incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using rat models and SH-SY5Y cells, we investigated the possible mechanistic linkages between carbon disulfide neurotoxicity and the expression of TDP-43 protein, a marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Our results showed that rats exhibited severe dyskinesia and increased TDP-43 expression in the spinal cord following carbon disulfide exposure. Moreover, carbon disulfide exposure induced abnormal cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of TDP-43 in motor neurons. Importantly, carbon disulfide treatment led to the accumulation of TDP-43 in the mitochondria of motor neurons and resulted in subsequent mitochondrial damage, including mitochondrial structural disruption, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibition, and impaired VCP/p97-dependent mitophagy. In summary, our study provides support for carbon disulfide exposure-mediated TDP-43 mislocalization and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of environmental neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration, and provides inspiration for potential therapeutic strategies.

Sulphur-template method for facile manufacturing porous silicon electrodes with enhanced electrochemical performance

Sulphur (S)-template method based on conventional slurry-casting method has been developed to produce porous silicon (Si) electrodes. The facile fabrication technology is suitable for current production line and expected to be widely applied to various electrode materials under large volume change during operation. Specifically, S particles as template agent are mixed with active material Si, carbon conductor and binder forming uniform slurry. After casting and drying, the electrodes are immersed in carbon disulfide solution to remove S particles rapidly, generating pores in-situ at the original position of S particles. Electrochemical analysis shows that the pores inside electrodes are able to shorten lithium ion diffusion paths, reduce normal expansion rate and decrease formation of cracks in the Si electrode (2 mgSi/cm2), demonstrating a reversible capacity of 951 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 100 cycles (with a capacity retention of 99.5%) and a capacity of ∼826 mAh/g at 2 A/g.

Effects of operating conditions on the in situ control of sulfur-containing odors by using a novel alternative landfill cover and its transformation mechanism.

Sulfur-containing gases are main sources of landfill odors, which has become a big issue for pollution to environment and human health. Biocover is promising for treating landfill odors, with advantages of durability and environmental friendliness. In this study, charcoal sludge compost was utilized as the main effective component of a novel alternative landfill cover and the in situ control of sulfur-containing odors from municipal solid waste landfilling process was simulated under nine different operating conditions. Results showed that five sulfur-containing odors (hydrogen sulfide, H2S; methyl mercaptan, CH3SH; dimethyl sulfide, CH3SCH3; ethylmercaptan, CH3CH2SH; carbon disulfide, CS2) were monitored and removed by the biocover, with the highest removal efficiencies of 77.18% for H2S, 87.36% for CH3SH, and 92.19% for CH3SCH3 in reactor 8#, and 95.94% for CH3CH2SH and 94.44% for CS2 in reactor 3#. The orthogonal experiment showed that the factors influencing the removal efficiencies of sulfur-containing odors were ranked from high to low as follows: temperature > weight ratio > humidity content. The combination of parameters of 20% weight ratio, 25°C temperature, and 30% water content was more recommended based on the consideration of the removal efficiencies and economic benefits. The mechanisms of sulfur conversion inside biocover were analyzed. Most organic sulfur was firstly degraded to reduced sulfides or element sulfur, and then oxidized to sulfate which could be stable in the layer as the final state. In this process, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria play a great role, and the distribution of them in reactor 1#, 5#, and 8# was specifically monitored. Bradyrhizobiaceae and Rhodospirillaceae were the dominant species which can utilize sulfide as substance to produce sulfate and element sulfur, respectively. Based on the results of OUTs, the biodiversity of these sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, these microorganisms, was demonstrated to be affected by the different parameters. These results indicate that the novel alternative landfill cover modified with bamboo charcoal compost is effective in removing sulfur odors from landfills. Meanwhile, the findings have direct implications for addressing landfill odor problems through parameter adjustment.

Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via I2‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reaction of Amines and Carbon Disulfide

Comprehensive SummaryA convenient approach for the construction of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles via I2‐catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction of amines and carbon disulfide has been developed. The present approach starts from simple and readily available starting materials, affording a series of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles in up to 89% yields under metal‐free conditions. In this work, C—H/N—H functionalization was achieved and multiple C‐hetero bonds were successfully constructed in one pot.