Car Vehicle Research Articles

Modeling of quality criteria for the restoration of car parts, vehicles and road construction machines

The quality criteria of car parts, vehicles and road-building machines are analyzed from the point of view of efficiency. The interrelations between the quality criteria and the functionality of the part are established. New parameters are proposed in the form of coefficients describing the roughness, hardness and slant of the part. The purpose of introducing these coefficients is consistent with the model being developed for choosing the optimal technology for restoring parts of cars, vehicles and road construction machines. Keywords: automobile, vehicle, road construction machine, hardness isotropy coefficient, technological roughness isotropy coefficient

DESIGN OF A NOVEL DEVICE TO REDUCE ENGINE EMISSIONS

Air pollution is a threat in which air has adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. It is caused by substances which may be solid particles, liquid droplets or gases. Pollutants are classified as primary and secondary. Primary pollutants include carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from automobile vehicle exhaust and secondary pollutants includes the Sulphur-dioxide released from factories. The aim of the present work is to fabricate a novel device to reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOX) which are released from the stationary Engines. Nowadays Diesel particulate filters are used in high-end vehicles to reduce the emission and we are using chemical solutions in our project to reduce the harmful gases released from stationary Engines. The chemical solution used in our project is ammonical cuprous chloride and potassium hydroxide and activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is coated on the baffle plates to absorb the carbon content and the heat generated in the combustion chamber and also filter the harmful nitrous and sulfur content produced by the engine.

Theoretical research of transmissions and gearboxes

Significant aspects of the consequences of global warming and some measures that can be undertaken in order to reduce energy consumption and harmful emissions have been presented. The most important actions I this field are related to the renewal of the design of automobile vehicles and their components. A theoretical survey has been carried out in two main areas: invesitigating possibilities of improving the operational characteristics and the design parameters of transmissions and gearboxes, aiming to identify the areas of future dissertation research. A systematization of the reviewed scientific publications has been carried out. Main areas in which additional research can be carried out, related to the specific features of the Bulgarian industry and the state of the available cars in usage, have been identified.

Tempered martensite embrittlement of an alloy steel forging from an automobile vehicle system

Tempered martensite embrittlement of an alloy steel forging from an automobile vehicle system

Preview control of the random response of a full car vehicle model traversing a rough road

Preview control of the random response of a full car vehicle model traversing a rough road

GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF Capsicum annum L. EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN

Rain is inherently acidic, human anthropogenic activities including pollution from homes, companies, power plants, and car vehicles, which result in the release of molecules like Carbon dioxide, Nitric dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide, are making it more and more acidic. The screen house experiment was undertaken to assess how acid rain affects plants. In the lab, to create acid rain concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) were mixed in a 2:1 ratio. The desired pH level was measured using a Duplex pH meter. The plant was simulated with acid rain (pH 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and control 5.6) every three days for six weeks. ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. The significance of the mean difference was assessed using Ducan's multiple-range tests. With increasing pH levels, plant height (FPepper = 63.835), leaf area (FPepper =60.965), stem girth (FPepper =39.3), the number of leaves (FPepper =34.265), relative growth rate (FPepper = 40.646), and chlorophyll content (FPepper = 4.6029, 7.8154, 36.746) decreased considerably (p<0.001). These findings advance our knowledge of how acid rain impacts urbanvegetation and serves as a warning to limit acid rain production

Design and Crashworthiness Analysis of Rear Underrun Protection Device

Each year, thousands of people are passed away due to car accidents. Although technological improvements provided for passenger safety day by day, collision be-tween passenger car and heavy vehicles are still the most dangerous issue. In this pa-per, a new rear underrun protection device was designed. Three different support bracket thicknesses that vary with 4-6 mm whereas investigated and their crash performance and structural integrity were compared to each other. RUPD finite element models were created and analysed for Dodge Neon (1996) collided at 63 km/h vehicle impact speed under full overlap crash scenario. Abaqus/Explicit dynamic analysis that is special tool for highly non-linear Dynamics phenomenon was used for the analyses. Axial deformations, plastic strains, and axial displacement of right seat accelerometer were obtained and compared to evaluating of each design. The optimum support bracket thickness was determined for the new developed RUPD against vehicle colli-sion. The results were also compared to the ref[13] and it is seen that they were good agreement.

Performance Analysis of Thermoelectric Cooling with Thermal Control Battery System for Electric Vehicle

A promising type of green transport, lithium battery-powered electric cars (EVs) have attracted a lot of attention and interest in the current years. In this study, thermoelectric cooling with forced convection was designed and possible cooling method for a thermal control battery system. Compared to free convection cooling, air cooling and TEC cooling appear TEC is the leading cooling work. Conditional tests are done on created battery thermal control battery system for EV automobile vehicles. The advanced battery thermal control battery can be a combination of TE Cooling, air cooling, and liquid cooling. There's Unobserved contact of the liquid coolant that acts as a medium to carry absent the thermally created from the battery with and amid the battery continuing. The outcome saws a promising cooling impact with a reasonable amount of energy wastage. The outcomes show that the ambient temperature is 32.5 to 30.5 and inlet temperature is 24.8 to 17.1 and then find out 2nd inlet temperature is between 13.9 to 6.4, and then after finding the lowest COP is 0.20. So, Thermoelectric cooling is the best option as compared to a simple VCRs system

SIMULATING THE DRAG REDUCTION MODEL FOR A VEHICLE BY USING VORTEX GENERATOR

Petroleum fuel consign has been lessening at a very high proportion. Almost all automobiles depend upon an IC engine driven by petroleum fuels. As much as the number of automobiles is developing in this modern world, it is obligated to reduce fuel expenditure. One of the ways to do this is to diminish the car's drag. Among a manifold process of reducing drag, using Vortex Generators is one. Delta-shaped vortex generators are used at the rear trunk of the range rover, where the flow separates. K-epsilon turbulent model in ANSYS-Fluent 19.2 software is used to imitate the airflows. This work observed the number and spacing between successive vortex generators based on comparing drag coefficient values. The contours of static pressure and velocity magnitude were also observed for each model. When the vortex generators were attached, the pressure coefficients at the rear trunk began to increase, confirming the increment in back pressure. Hence, the increase in back pressure indicates a reduction in the drag coefficient. It has been found that a combination of 7 vortex generators is the optimum solution. The devices work better at a higher velocity than the lower velocity without affecting vehicle stability. The vortex - 4 model's drag coefficient was found to be significantly lower than that of the standard model vehicle, which is 0.42877. The Base Model of Range Rover (2020) is my sense of humor, the highest drag coefficient. So vortex generators are commonly used on automobile vehicles to prevent downstream flow separation and improve their overall performance by reducing drag.

IMPLEMENTATION OF USER INTERFACE AND USER EXPERIENCE CAR WASH SERVICE PROVIDER ANDROID BASED APPLICATION “SPOTLESS” USING DESIGN THINKING METHOD

"SPOTLESS" is an Android-based mobile application that provides car wash services to assist customers in ordering car wash appointments and vehicle wash pick-up services at the customer's desired place. "SPOTLESS" can be a solution for car users to avoid long queues for car washing or the lack of time to take their car directly to the washroom. The increasing demand for vehicle washing services affects business competition in this business, causing many customers to complain because they have to wait in queues for too long, disrupting customers' routine activities. To improve customer satisfaction, the interface is designed using the design thinking method, which was tested using the eye-tracking method through 5 participants to determine the feasibility level from the user's side After 3 iterations of testing using Maze, we got a usability score of 86 which is included in the high usability category.

Prescriptive Lifetime Management for PEM fuel cell systems in transportation applications, Part I: State of the art and conceptual design

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells represent a promising solution for a sustainable hydrogen-based mobility. Due to remaining challenges regarding costs and durability of PEM fuel cell systems, market activation programs as a precursor to market introduction are still required to accelerate the broad commercialization of PEM fuel cell systems in transportation applications. The recent shift by some original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) from passenger car (PC) and light-duty vehicle (LDV) applications to heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) applications is accompanied by higher lifetime and system power requirements that necessitate modified design and development approaches. Design-based approaches to increase the lifetime of PEM fuel cells usually concentrate on the use of advanced materials and the design of durable fuel cell stacks. Operation-based approaches aim to mitigate degradation through the development of advanced control strategies. However, the initial design of a PEM fuel cell system as well as the calibration of its control strategy to achieve a long service life is inevitably associated with a high degree of uncertainty. In addition, often challenging time-to-market specifications result in insufficient time for extensive durability testing, necessitating the use of accelerated stress tests (AST). Results of ASTs usually deviate to a greater or lesser extent from realistic driving conditions and exacerbate the issue of uncertainty regarding durability in field operation. Therefore, the coordinated development and deployment of on-board strategies for condition assessment, lifetime prediction and degradation mitigation are of huge importance to meet the high lifetime requirements in HDV applications.With this in mind, this paper presents an on-board Prescriptive Lifetime Management system that enables optimization-based post-prognostic decision-making to extend the service life of PEM fuel cell systems while considering the need to maximize system performance and efficiency. Based on the current state of the art, the requirements of the Prescriptive Lifetime Management are defined and its conceptual design as well as modeling and simulation framework are described.

Analisis Pengujian Tarik dan Sebaran unsur pada Pengelasan Aluminium – Mild Steel menggunakan Metode Cold Metal

The technology that has been developed in recent years is the production of fusion welded plates between two different materials, for example, steel with other materials such as aluminum. Combining the two materials, aluminum and mild steel, will undoubtedly produce a material connection with good properties, for example, in a vehicle car frame. However, these two materials have different melting points, mild steel has a high melting point, and aluminum has a low melting point in the inner layer. This research aims to determine the welding results and the microstructure between aluminum plates and mild steel. The Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding process provides a potential method for joining dissimilar metals. In this study, various 4 mm thick aluminum alloys (Al 1100) were joined to 4 mm thick mild steel (SPHC) by CMT welding technology. It was concluded that combining aluminum alloys with mild steel using the cold metal transfer method was feasible. The optimum process variable for welding aluminum-mild steel dimensions 250 mm × 100 mm × 4 mm can be obtained with ER70S-6 wire, ArCO2 shielding gas, wire feed speed 13 m/min, and welding speed e8 mm/s.The tensile strength of the joint first increases and then decreases as the welding current increases, the highest tensile strength can reach 73.35 MPa.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Komunitas Mobil di DKI Jakarta dalam Menjaga Kebersihan Selama Berkendara.

Covid 19 pandemic is one of the worst pandemics in the world. Indonesia also affected with this pandemic with high mortality numbers. But with time, people must do their activity again outside their home. Car is one of transportation option in DKI Jakarta with large quantity. Many people using car but lack of understanding on how to keep clean in riding a car, as private or public vehicle. Purpose of community service (PkM) is to educate one of car community in DKI Jakarta which is White Car Community chapter Batavia which consist of various of people from many places in DKI Jakarta which owns white car. The implementation was done online on December 13, 2020. In this program before and after education, was given a questionnaire on how to keep clean in riding car to see the knowledge of the community member in keeping clean while riding a car. In result this community service increase awareness and knowledge of Covid-19 in community member of White Car Community chapter Batavia. Similar activity needed to be done because of fluctuation transmission of covid-19.

Recycling of Plastic Waste Material Consumed in Automotive Industry: Short Review

Plastic waste material are major cause for pollutions, land hazardous that are been causing up from the automobile transport vehicles. Recycling these waste materials could be turning point for reducing the effects of damages causing to mankind and animals along with making the environment sustainable and diversify. In this review paper, different types of recyclable plastics are been discussed up among which few are- Polyethylene Terephthalate, High-density polyethylene, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, Polycarbonate and Polypropylene. Different collection methods along with automotive applications are also been presented.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Driver Taxy Online (Studi Kasus Maxim Car Pekanbaru)

Maxim a company engaged online taxy that has invaded Pekanbaru in 2019. The development of Maxim as online transportation service in Pekanbaru is fairly rapid and accommodates lot of workers and is used as the main and side source of income by some drivers. The investment spent in the field of online transportation requires considerable costs, so it is necessary conduct research studies. The purpose of research is to determine the income of drivers, analyze the financial feasibility of online taxy, especially for car vehicles, namely Maxim car. Research sites in 8 strategic locations in Pekanbaru as many as 44 respondents. The method used in data collection is the direct interview method by asking several questions on the questionnaire. The data needed are investment data, operational costs, fixed costs, income, service and maintenance. As a results, the research financial feasibility analysis on Maxim car drivers, it was found that main job average IRR value of 4%. Average value of NPV is: Rp.313,949,947. Average value of BCR 2.13 and the value of BCR obtained is greater than one, then the investment is feasible to carry out. Based on the financial analysis already carried out for the main job of the Maxim driver's business is declared feasible to carry out in the five years from the beginning of the investment issued.

Risk Factors Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Professional Vehicle Drivers in India Using an Ordinal Priority Approach

Professional driving involves sitting in uncomfortable positions, navigating difficult terrain and roads, and occasionally conducting small repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties while at work for long periods. Drivers who engage in these activities may develop a variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs in professional drivers are accompanied by several risk factors. In this study, the various risk factors for MSD have been identified through the literature reviews, discussions with professional drivers, and consultations with ergonomics specialists. This study employed the ordinal priority approach (OPA), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, to rank the identified risk variables for MSD in order of importance. The same OPA method has also been used to identify the group of professional drivers who use eight different types of vehicles and are more likely to develop MSDs. The analyses findings show that the five main risk factors for MSDs among drivers are prolonged sitting, restricted posture, working hours, alcohol consumption, and uncomfortable seating. Additionally, among all drivers regarded as professionals, truck drivers are found to be the most at risk. For the study’s conclusions to be validated, a sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The results of this study are anticipated to help formulate strategies for lowering these hazards through the ergonomic design of drivers’ cabins by automobile OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and vehicle scheduling by concerned transportation organizations to reduce driver tiredness.

Condition Monitoring and Auto Diagnostics the Electrical Vehicles Using the Internet of Things

Every year pollution level is starting to increase day-by-day. The major sources of generating pollution are: industry and the other one is automobile vehicles. Particularly automobile vehicles generate more air pollution as well noise pollution. This pollution is not only harmful to birds, but it is also starting to affect human being too. In recent days government takes multiple policies to stop pollution created by automobile vehicles. Such as the decision to demolish old automobile vehicles, provide 30% subsidy to convert automobile vehicles into an electric vehicles, etc. The main objective is to reduce air pollution as well as noise pollution created by automobile vehicles because automobile vehicle number was equally occupied as the human beings in every house. Automobile vehicle conversion technology used to convert automobile vehicles into electrical vehicles. These electrical vehicle condition monitoring and auto diagnostic execute by the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT uses to communicate each notification to the user through various tools such as Short Message Service (SMS), E-mail, App, etc. In recent days, lot of free cloud data storage services uses to store the past week's data easily. These modern technique uses to handle electric vehicle-friendly approaches. The output of the proposed system is not only cost-effective and environment-friendly but also provide the healthy nature for present and future generations.

Design and Fabrication of Load Carry Electrical Vehicle

The main purpose of this project is to carry the five hundred to seven hundred load short distances. The problem identified is automobile vehicles used to transfer goods for short duration, everywhere. On the other hand, automobile fuel cost has increased abruptly. Due to rises in fuel cost, it is directly and indirectly affected by the cost of living. That means it directly raises all items' cost rise such as vegetable prices, construction materials, cosmetics, etc. On the other hand, automobile vehicles produce more pollutants in the environment. The main object of this paper is to design the fabrication of load-carry electrical vehicles. In the exciting electrical vehicle, auto-rickshaw cost is too high it cannot be afforded by average and below average people. The drawback of the exciting vehicle is the carriage covers 20% of the total load. In the proposed method design weightless carriage and more space as well comfort to carry the load on short as well long distances. The main merit of the proposed method are to reduce the 40% cost compared to the market price. The proposed fabrication 3D diagram and practical implementation as detailed in the following paragraph.

Up-to-date technologies of obtaining high-quality oils for automobile vehicles

The production of high-quality engine oils using the base oils of II and III groups is carried out according to API classification and foreign pocket of additives. III+ group oils of Shell are produced on Shell Pure Plus technology. These are ecological, innovative, and completely synthetic Shell Helix Ultra (5W-40), Shell 0W-20 oils enabling the reduction of fuel consumption and friction factor as well. The paper presents the major stages of obtaining oils according to the Shell Pure Plus (GTL – gas to liquid) technology. It is shown that the base oils of III group with a viscosity index 170 are obtained in three stages. A plant has been opened in Torzhok for the production of various sorts of high-quality engine and hydraulic oils.

A Novel Method for Breakdown Prediction of Vehicle Clutch Using Multiple Linear Regression

The clutch is an important component of the transmission system in all aspects of car vehicle operation. The failure of a clutch in any vehicle has a direct impact on the vehicle's operation and, in some cases, on human safety as well. There are a variety of factors that might contribute to a clutch failure, including an overloaded vehicle, the use of the clutch in city traffic on a constant basis, and mistakes made during the gear shifting process. A high-priority demand is the ability to predict clutch failure, which is currently not achievable through vehicle diagnosis. This positional paper contributes to the use of multiple regression analysis technique to predict clutch life with the help of numerous vehicle parameters such as transmission oil temperature, vehicle speed, vehicle torque, vehicle engine speed, transmission oil level, accelerometer pedal position, parking brake status, and oil contamination. The consideration of many parameters adds to enhancing the accuracy of the forecast output by expanding the number of parameters considered. The proposed system's performance, which has an accuracy of 94 percent, is considered satisfactory. This technology can be used to notify drivers in Lehman language about projected consequences depending on the information provided by the system.