Concept Car Research Articles

Technology Update: CES For CEs

Walking the grounds at the CES in Las Vegas—dodging the 175,000 attendees, 4,000-plus exhibitors, 6,000 or so reporters, and innumerable screens—can be an overwhelming experience. Tech nerds come to this premier technology exhibition event for the 8K televisions from Samsung and LG or the futuristic concept cars shown by Mercedes-Benz and Sony. Others come for visionary glimpses of pie-in-the-sky transportation solutions, like aerial taxis by Hyundai/Uber and Bell. But away from the flashy consumer electronics are plenty of firms and researchers working on smaller, more focused technologies that may prove to have significant impacts on civil engineers, builders, and city planners. Contributing editor T.R. Witcher reports from the show floor.

Research on Innovative Design Method of In-wheel Jet Flying Car-Dunhuang Feitian

The car has been invented for more than a century. In the 21st century, new cars will realize the function of land and sky bidirectional driving. The author designed a flying concept car, powered by a wheel jet engine, named Dunhuang Feitian. He won the second prize in the Second China University Art Competition. The car is equipped with a “turbine ram engine” inside the four hubs. The aerodynamic layout is designed in a cross shape. The wheel engine jets downwards, which can flexibly adjust the flight attitude. The author did not sacrifice industrial design aesthetics in order to highlight flight performance. He borrowed the beautiful curve contours of Dunhuang Feitian in the body design, designed the car to be streamlined, and equipped with a four-axis stabilization system in safety configuration. performance. In addition, this article also predicts the future development of automobiles, and provides comfortable, environmentally friendly, green solutions to alleviate the increasingly serious traffic congestion problems, and has a broad application prospect.

V2X Support in 3GPP Specifications: From 4G to 5G and Beyond

The connected car concept is gaining momentum from the point of view, not only of research, but also of standardization and industrial development. Today there are many options for connecting a vehicle, in terms of to whom and how. In addition to making use of any conventional cellular technology, and connecting the vehicle to a base station or infrastructure element, vehicles can connect wirelessly and directly to each other using different technologies, both from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This article offers a rigorous and detailed review of the system architecture aspects involved in the support of vehicular communications by the 3GPP fifth-generation (5G) standard, with special emphasis on its most recent iteration: Release 16.

Who will buy alternative fueled or automated vehicles: A modular, behavioral modeling approach

Abstract Future car purchase can determine an array of things ranging from CO2 emissions to urban life quality. For this reason, models and methods predicting car purchase are valuable to policy makers. This paper examines the future car purchase choice, using modules and different levels of attributes that construct a car, and measures the effect on the purchase choice of personality traits such as symbolic/exuberant attitudes towards vehicles. The results may enable policy makers to focus on certain market segments when promoting alternative fuel and automated vehicles. The paper proposes a hybrid choice model, with latent variables capturing the pro-environmental, exuberant and tech-friendly attitudes of individuals. The questionnaire presented to the respondents is in the form of a menu, from which participants may choose five different types of vehicle characteristics (engine size, type of car, fuel type, car edition and level of automation) to construct their ideal vehicle. Results indicate a negative correlation between symbolic, exuberant attitudes towards automobiles, the view of cars as symbols, and willingness to purchase a hybrid or electric vehicle. The findings further suggest that there is a correlation between symbol-driven exuberant attitudes and the desire to buy a larger vehicle. This paper examines the relationship between the symbolic perception of cars and, simultaneously, a range of characteristics, to discover which car attributes the symbolic perception affects. It also proposes an integrated framework for the modeling of future car purchase, with the hypothesis that each of the three presented latent variables can affect different modules of the individual’s ideal car concept.

Improved professionalism of teachers through CAR based thematic integrative learning with realistic-scientific approach using e-schoology

Science and technology program for elementary school teachers Kalicari Semarang with difficulties in integrative thematic learning based on realistic-scientific approach using schoology (TIRSS). Program objectives to solve problems; (1) how to overcome the difficulties of elementary school teachers in elementary school Kalicari 01-02 in developing a valid and practical TIRSS learning tool ; (2) how to overcome the difficulties of Kalicari elementary school teachers 01-02 in implementing TIRSS?; (3) how to improve the professional competence of teachers that can make better student learning outcomes. Targeted audiences are elementary teachers in elementary school Kalicari 01-02 Semarang. To achieve the purpose of this activity using several methods; (1) observation; (2) a test to determine the level of knowledge, understanding, skills of CAR based on TIRSS learning on pre-training and post-training conditions; (3) questionnaires to find out the extent to which teacher learning has applied TIRSS learning; (4) training methods for planting concept of CAR based TIRSS learning; (5) assignment and mentoring make CAR proposal and implement CAR in class (6) focused observation method to know teacher profession competency. The result; (1) there is an increased knowledge, understanding and skills of teachers on CAR based TIRSS learning that can overcome difficulties in developing a valid and practical TIRSS learning tools, and implement learning in the classroom; (2) The improvement of professional competence of elementary school teachers after the training and mentoring CAR based on TIRSS learning is predicted to improve mathematics learning outcomes of elementary students.

Égalité, Fraternité, Liberté, Mobilité

In its centenary year, Citroën is looking to the next 100 years by unveiling two radical concept car designs. Tom Austin-Morgan met Citroën’s design director Pierre Leclercq at Goodwood Festival of Speed.

Environmental Aspects of Generation Y’s Sustainable Mobility

This research paper identifies and explores the opinions and attitudes of young people about urban transport. It is the first study on this topic, based on the survey, analysing the mobility choices of young adults (more specifically, Generation Y) in Poland and for countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of the paper is to show their travel behaviour from sustainable mobility perspective. The primary data was obtained through the online survey. The data analysis was held with use of factor analysis and ANOVA. The research results indicated the variables influencing the environmental dimension of sustainable mobility attitudes of young adults in four areas: the ecology-oriented approach to transport, opinions about sharing economy, public car concept and future transport system. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the ecology-oriented approach between people born in different decades, between men and women and between people with driving licences and people without them. Those results provide the insights for local authorities and mobility service providers. The recommendations at the end of the paper focus on the need for continuation of research in similar fields.

Simulation on fuel consumption reduction of an urban concept car for energy-efficient competition

In this work, a numerical simulation to estimate fuel consumption reduction of an urban concept car has been carried out. The urban concept car, named as Horas Mesin USU, has been designed for energy efficient competition. A set of governing equations upon the computational domain is developed and solved using CFD FLUENT commercial code. The turbulent flow is closed using k-epsilon turbulence model. In the results, pathline, velocity vector and pressure distribution are plotted. By using the pressure distributions, drag and lift coefficients are calculated. In order to make a comparison, the aerodynamic characteristics of the present design is compared with commercial city car Ford-Fiesta. In addition, several modifications are proposed to the original design. The CFD results are employed to estimate fuel consumption of all models. In the results an equation to estimate fuel consumption has been proposed. It was shown that by employing the modifications, 28.8% averaged fuel consumption reduction can be resulted.

Exploring the key services and players in the smart car market

The traditional role of cars as a means of transport is now expected to undergo major changes as a result of the emerging smart car industry, whereby connection to the Internet can not only improve traffic safety by enabling self-driving but also entertain passengers. Under these circumstances, it is important to explore the killer services that are expected to be in high demand by consumers and keystone players in the emerging market. This study identifies the promising services from a consumer's perspective using analytic hierarchy process analysis and examines experts' views on which industries and firms, as keystone players, are expected to provide the competitive killer services in the market. The results show that the service that consumers find the most important is driving assistance, followed by infotainment and Internet of Things hubs. Meanwhile, the experts rank the importance of industrial player as in the order of Information Technology device manufacturers, followed by platform providers, automobile manufacturers, and network providers, while at the company level, the rank is in the order of Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor, Naver, and SK Telecom, respectively. These findings show that consumers regard smart cars as futuristic vehicles, yet continue to emphasize their conventional value as a means of transport, while the experts expect that among the various industry players, IT companies are most likely to enable the concept of the smart car to become a reality.

Енергоефективні автомобілі та їх роль в антикризовій стратегії підприємств України

The introduction of energy technologies in all spheres of public life is becoming increasingly large every year. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine a modern enterprise that in one way or another would not be involved in the processes of heat and energy saving. The article is devoted to the study of the economic effect of the use of cars in the enterprise activity. As the object of the study the three cars of KIA Motors were selected: KIA Sportage, KIA Niro, KIA Soul Ev. In the process of research, the method of induction and deduction, the monographic method, the method of theoretical generalization and comparison, the statistical method were used. The comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of power plants of cars with a gasoline engine, a hybrid and an electric motor was conducted. The average annual expenses for the purchase of fuel and the coefficient of the average annual total cost of operating a car for various types of power plants depending on mileage were calculated. It was determined that saving on energy carriers, which cars using, can release funds for the company. These financial resources can be used to ensure the financial sustainability of an enterprise, upgrade fixed assets, expand business (purchase new electric vehicles) or implement other energy-saving technologies. It was proposed to introduce the concept of energy-efficient car. According to the authors the energy efficient car is a car, the power plant of which provides for the possibility of using alternative fuels or partially or fully driven by electric power, that can provide significant savings on energy carriers. The role of the use of cars in the anti-crisis strategy of enterprise development was grounded. The expediency of using such cars was analyzed depending on the specifics of the main activity of the enterprise.

Realizing Ultra-Thin and Flexible Tough Polymers: Development of Innovative Polymers for Automobile

Integrating cutting-edge facilities and advanced chemistry, we have developed SHINAYAKA (flexible and tough) polymers based on novel molecular concept strengthening polymers in ImPACT (Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies) Program by CAO (Cabinet Office), Government of Japan. To achieve difficult targets, we adopted novel matrix management system for Industry-University Corporation to make up a dream team for polymers to industrialize beyond conventional collaboration between industry and university. Specifically, a company is assigned as each project manager and connected with various technologies from different universities. In addition, we clarified novel molecular bonding mechanisms to yield tough polymers and develop innovative structural materials for automobile. As a final goal, we constructed a concept car with developed SHINAYAKA polymers to verify concepts toughening various polymers and demonstrate lightness and safety by applying SHINAYAKA polymers to vehicles.

Incremental sheet metal forming on the example of car exterior skin parts

Abstract In this article, current, application-related investigations in the field of incremental sheet metal forming (ISF) will be presented and discussed. The main focus of the study will be on the chain of conceptual design, experimentation and subsequent work processes, right through to the final assembly of car exterior skin parts of a streamlined vintage concept car. This will be accompanied by a comparison and evaluation of different production technologies with regard to their economic efficiency, their real duration times and the specific boundary conditions for the manufacturing of just one part per geometry. The manufacturing processes at the centre of the study were: deep drawing, hydroforming and ISF (Two Point Incremental Forming (TPIF) and rolling). Following the holistic discussion on the procedure and choice of processes, the TPIF is examined in detail using the example of the rear mudguards.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY MODERN CARS AND FUTURE QUANTOMOBILES

Features of the theory of Superunification, used in formation of quantum engine (QE) concepts, are briefly described in the article. Schemes of thrust formation in QEs are considered. A concept of a quantum car (quantomobile) as a vehicle with a quantum engine, preserving supporting idle wheels, is introduced. Complete removal of idle wheels in a quantomobile leads to a concept of a flying car. Analytical comparison of Kamaz-4326 truck horizontal thrust and energy consumption with indicators of hypothetical quantomobile and flying car (based on such car) concepts is conducted.

Electric Powertrain: Energy Systems, Power Electronics and Drives for Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles [Book Review

Fuel Cell Vehicles to be timely and relevant for automotive engineers and engineering students seeking a deeper appreciation of what vehicle electrification means. The book was years in preparation and reflects the authors’ own wealth of industrial and academic experience. It has been almost three decades since General Motors (GM) displayed the Impact concept car at the Los Angeles Auto Show in January 1990. The Impact inspired the design of the GM EV1, the first modern production electric car, and for California to subsequently issue its zero-emissions mandate. The EV1 became available to lease in 1996 and demonstrated to the public that electric cars were feasible. The authors of this book focus on the inner workings of the electric car. Readers, whether engineers, students, or the interested public, will find this book a treasure trove of knowledge on modern automotive technology.

Application and development trends in high strength steel and aluminium

Due to increasing competition globally among car manufacturing companies cost optimization is one of the major concerns in the automotive industries right from inception stage to the final product delivery along with maintaining its highest quality. Nowadays, rising demand for concept car, automobiles with latest technology, aesthetics of vehicles with safety concern, high strength and light weight results technological advancement in sheet metal forming and innovative material development like different grades of high strength steels and lightweight aluminium alloys. In 2015 with the initiative of the Imperial College London a research consortium was established under the umbrella Low Cost Materials Processing Technologies for Mass Production of Lightweight Vehicles. The primary aim of this project is to provide affordable low cost weight reduction in mass production of vehicles considering the entire life-cycle. The technological process solution for HFQ™ of Al-alloys is presented which greatly helped in reducing weight and increasing the strength.

자동차 디자인에서의 패러매트릭 디자인 적용특성 연구 - EV컨셉카를 중심으로

자동차 디자인에서의 패러매트릭 디자인 적용특성 연구 - EV컨셉카를 중심으로

Multi-point aerodynamic shape optimization of cars based on continuous adjoint

This article presents a continuous adjoint-enabled, gradient-based optimization tool for multi-point, multi-objective industrial optimization problems and its application to the shape optimization of a concept car. Apart from the adjoint to the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the adjoint to the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model equation is also solved, in order to support the optimization with accurate gradients. Part of the mathematical development related to the sensitivity derivative terms resulting from the differentiation of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) variant of the Spalart–Allmaras model when using an adjoint formulation consisting of field integrals is presented for the first time in the literature. In the industrial application, two operating points are considered, corresponding to two flow velocity angles with respect to the car symmetry plane, with a different objective (drag and yaw moment coefficients) for each of them. With the aforesaid targets, the Pareto front of optimal solutions is computed and discussed. Each point on this front is computed by minimizing a single objective function, resulting from the linear combination of the objective functions defined on the different operating points, using appropriate weights. Finally, some of the Pareto front members are re-evaluated using delayed detached eddy simulation (DDEs). The overall optimization tool is developed in the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM.

The Bigger Picture - Volvo 360c concept car

The Bigger Picture - Volvo 360c concept car

Concept Car with Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid

Concept Car with Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid

Investigating Some Classification Methods To Evaluate Efficiency Results: A Case Study By Using Conjoint Analysis

A new product development is an important step of competitive advantage for producers. There are several issues to be considered during developing a new product from the point of view of both customers and producers. Costumer preferences require a great deal of consideration in order to able to address consumer needs in marketing. Conjoint Analysis (CA) is often preferred to reveal utility of the new product by means of customer preferences order on a certain type of product or service which is widely used to reveal how people value different attributes on a new product concept. On the other hand, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used to determine efficient product concepts considering both utility and development expenses of the products. In this study, CA was applied with the aim of determining utilities of new car concepts. Then, DEA was used to reveal efficient and inefficient car concepts on a real data set. Finally, most commonly used classification methods Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), binary Logistic Regression (LR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were compared to validate the results of DEA in terms of accuracy.