Capital International Airport Research Articles

Feasibility analysis and optimization of an energy-water-heat nexus supplied by an autonomous hybrid renewable power generation system: An empirical study on airport facilities

This paper investigates the potential and feasibility of an integrating hybrid renewable power generation system with a large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plant to provide electricity, heat, and water for the New Capital International Airport, Egypt. The proposed energy system contains photovoltaic panels, wind turbine, combined heat-power microturbine generator, diesel generator, batteries, converter, thermal load controller, and a boiler. A comprehensive energy-economic-environmental optimization analysis was performed to optimize energy systems in which 16-feasible solutions were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that the optimal system has the least net present and energy costs by 1.54 M$ and 0.089 $/kWh, respectively, and needs only 1.12 years to recover the invested money. Moreover, the proposed system produces emissions of 59.5% less than the base-case. The optimal system has a negligible unmet load ratio since it has a negligible loss of power supply possibility of 0.0993%. The thermal load controller has a significant impact on reducing the net present cost, cost of energy, emissions, and needed batteries by 52%, 56.4%, 36.5%, and 90%, respectively compared to the base-case. The obtained results are expected to attract large investments in clean energy and water desalination because of the government's challenges in such fields.

Low-level wind shear characteristic statistic of two runways of Beijing Capital International Airport based on strong wind background

Low-level wind shear characteristic statistic of two runways of Beijing Capital International Airport based on strong wind background

Low-Level Wind Shear Identification along the Glide Path at BCIA by the Pulsed Coherent Doppler Lidar

Low-level wind shear is usually to be a rapidly changing meteorological phenomenon that cannot be ignored in aviation security service by affecting the air speed of landing and take-off aircrafts. The lidar team in Ocean University of China (OUC) carried out the long term particular researches on the low-level wind shear identification and regional wind shear inducement search at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) from 2015 to 2020 by operating several pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) systems. On account of the improved glide path scanning strategy and virtual multiple wind anemometers based on the rang height indicator (RHI) modes, the small-scale meteorological phenomenon along the glide path and/or runway center line direction can be captured. In this paper, the device configuration, scanning strategies, and results of the observation data are proposed. The algorithms to identify the low-level wind shear based on the reconstructed headwind profiles data have been tested and proved based on the lidar data obtained from December 2018 to January 2019. High spatial resolution observation data at vertical direction are utilized to study the regional wind shear inducement at the 36L end of BCIA under strong northwest wind conditions.

Smart Technology Applications in Tourism and Hospitality Industry of The New Administrative Capital, Egypt.

Smart technology has become of great importance in the tourism sector at present, especially in light of the great developments in the field of information and communication technology and the use of artificial intelligence techniques in many fields, including the tourism field. This research focuses on the concept of Smart technology, its importance in tourism, and its applications in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. The new administrative capital in Egypt is chosen to conduct the research. The study examines two research questions: (1) What is the extent of smart technology applications in restaurants, the Capital International Airport, and the hotel? (2) What is the current use of artificial intelligence applications in restaurants, the Capital International Airport, and the hotel? The study aims to illustrate the types of smart technology applications; to identify the importance of using smart technology applications; to evaluate the current use of artificial intelligence applications; and to provide helpful recommendations based on the study findings. Surveys, the checklist form, and content analysis methods were used for gathering data. The results revealed that the hotel and the Capital International Airport don’t offer new types of smart services to guests till now although they have good technology infrastructure. The study recommended the implementation of some smart services for travelers at airports such as applying smart apps that direct passengers to complete their airport formalities perfectly. Moreover, applications of smart restaurants and smart rooms in the hotels should also be implemented.

Research on track clustering algorithm based on historical radar data

With the advent of the big data era of air traffic control systems, the application of trajectory clustering in the field of air traffic has received widespread attention. This article reviews the trajectory clustering methods proposed in domestic and foreign literature. According to the different similarity measures and clustering evaluation criteria, the application of different clustering methods in trajectory clustering is introduced from several aspects, and the advantages and applicable scenarios of each algorithm are summarized. Then, based on the real flight history radar data information, the performance of the two different clustering algorithms in track clustering is analyzed. It mainly includes two aspects: First, in the data preprocessing part, data cleaning, filtering, and interpolation are performed. After processing, the data is resampled to obtain research data. Then, according to the characteristics of the track data, the two hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm and the K value of the K-means algorithm are determined, and the clustering results are visually displayed in combination with the real flight data from the Capital International Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport.

A Methodology for Calculating Greenhouse Effect of Aircraft Cruise Using Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Neural Network

Reliable assessment on the environmental impact of aircraft operation is vital for the performance evaluation and sustainable development of civil aviation. A new methodology for calculating the greenhouse effect of aircraft cruise is proposed in this paper. With respect to both cruise strategies and wind factors, a genetic algorithm-optimized wavelet neural network topology is designed to model the fuel flow-rate and developed using the real flight records data. Validation tests demonstrate that the proposed model with preferred network architecture can outperform others investigated in this paper in terms of accuracy and stability. Numerical examples are illustrated using 9 flights from Beijing Capital International Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport operated by Boeing 737–800 aircraft on October 2, 2019, and the generated fuel consumption, CO2 and NOx emissions as well as temperature change for different time horizons can be effectively given through the proposed methodology, which helps in the environmental performance evaluation and future trajectory planning for aircraft cruise.

Feasibility Study on Independent Instrument Approach Operations between Runways 36L/18R and 01/19 at Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport is one of the busiest hub airports in the world, but its capacity is limited. Reducing the minimum radar interval during instrument approaches would be feasible to increase capacity. The airport has three parallel runways; the distance between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 is 3.485 km. Currently, because there is no final monitoring seat, the dependent parallel instrument approach mode is adopted on the two runways; approaching aircraft must maintain a 4 km safety separation. This paper focuses on whether the 4 km radar safety separation for parallel instrument approaches could be reduced to 3.485 km without the final monitoring. This would mean implementing independent instrument approach operations between the two runways. To consider this, a new collision risk model based on position error probability and aircraft kinematics is proposed. A test program to acquire data on controllers’ reaction times in abnormal situations was designed and implemented over 10 days by the North China Air Traffic Management Bureau (ATMB). Furthermore, six months of radar trajectory data was collected at the airport. This was analyzed and processed to obtain the position error, speed, and other parameters required for the calculation of the collision risk model. The results show that the independent instrument approach operations between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 would be feasible the within safety target level set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICO). Based on the theoretical research results, the North China ATCB implemented independent instrument approaches between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 on December 25, 2018; it has operated safely since.

Optimal scheduling of airport ferry vehicles based on capacity network

For daily airport operations, the insufficient number and the improper scheduling of ground support vehicles are the main causes of flight delays. In this paper, a novel network model is proposed to complement the optimal scheduling of ferry vehicles for the flight ground support service. In the process of model construction, we first innovatively construct a ferry vehicle capacity network by having the introduced virtual flights and the ferry vehicle depot as nodes, in which the directed edges indicate that the two nodes associated may be consecutively served by the same ferry vehicle. Based on the capacity network, a mixed integer programming model is constructed to minimize the number of ferry vehicles needed. In addition, this paper shows that the mixed integer programming is equivalent to a linear programming when the service start time of each flight is fixed, which makes the solving process more efficient, and the linear programming model can be applied to solve the minimum node-disjoint path cover of directed acyclic graphs. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are validated by the actual flight data obtained from Beijing Capital International Airport. This study will provide a methodological reference for the optimal scheduling of airport ferry vehicles.

Study on Taxi Driver Decision-Making of Beijing Capital International Airport Based on M / M / S model

Based on the ideas of queuing theory and data fitting, this paper uses Dev-cpp software to write C ++ programs and establishes a driver decision model. Firstly, the selection scheme of taxi drivers for Beijing Capital International Airport is given, and the rationality of the model and its dependence on related factors are analyzed using Dev-cpp software programming. Secondly, through the M / M / S model in the queuing theory model, it is verified that the “boarding point” arrangement scheme with the highest total boarding efficiency can be achieved under the premise of ensuring safety.

Diagnosing Subsidence Geohazard at Beijing Capital International Airport, from High-Resolution SAR Interferometry

Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) has suffered from uneven land subsidence since 1935, which affects the smoothness of airport runways and seriously threatens the safety of aircrafts. In this paper, a spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with high-resolution Cosmo-SkyMed SAR data was utilized at BCIA for the first time to diagnose the subsidence hazard. The results show that subsidence is progressing at BCIA at a maximum rate of 50 mm/year, which is mainly distributed in the northwest side of the airport. It was found that the Shunyi-Liangxiang fault directly traverses Runway2 and Runway3 and causes uneven subsidence, controlling the spatial subsidence pattern to some degree. Four driving factors of subsidence were investigated, namely: the over-exploitation of groundwater, active faults, compressible soil thickness, and aquifer types. For the future sustainable development of BCIA, the influence of Beijing new airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA), was analyzed and predicted. It is necessary to take relevant measures to control the uneven subsidence during the initial operation of BDIA and conduct long-term monitoring to ensure the regular safe operation of BCIA. This case demonstrates a remote sensing method of diagnosing the subsidence hazard with high accuracy and non-contact, providing a reliable alternative for the geohazard diagnosis of key infrastructures in the future.

Characteristics and main causes of earth fissures in northeastern Beijing Plain, China

Earth fissures (EF) form in the northeastern Beijing Plain, causing horizontal and vertical displacements of the ground surface and damaging hundreds of buildings and roads. In addition, since 2009, an unprecedented number of cracks with vertical offsets have occurred in the Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), which is the busiest airport in China, causing serious financial losses and increasing the risk of air travel. The EF were divided into three groups, including EF1, EF2, and EF3, based on their distribution and deformation patterns. In general, the EF1 and EF2 fissures formed along segments of the NE-SW trending regional normal faults and have large vertical offsets but small widths. The deformation patterns, trenches and geophysical prospecting profiles, demonstrate that the EF1 and EF2 fissures propagated from the preexisting faults. In contrast, the EF3 fissures formed in a disorganized pattern above the paleochannels of the Chaobai River with short lengths and negligible vertical offsets. The monitoring data for the EF1 fissures indicates that the formation and deformation of the EF in the northeastern Beijing Plain were induced by groundwater pumping. The formation processes of the EF1, EF2, and EF3 fissures are classified into two categories: (1) on the existence of preexisting normal faults and (2) on the existence of paleochannels. Two hypothetical conceptual models are presented to illustrate the formation processes.

Detection of Complex Terrain-Induced Wind Shear by Doppler Lidar at Beijing Capital International Airport

In November 2018, the lidar-based wind shear synchronous experiment was performed at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA). In this experiment, aiming at the measurement of the terrain-induced wind shear and the wind field around the runway, the glide path scanning mode, and the RHI strategy were conducted alternately. Radial velocity retrieved from the glide path scanning can obviously present the wakes caused by complex terrain (e.g., hills, tall trees, residential and terminal buildings). The Pulse Coherent Doppler Lidar (PCDL) warned the terrain-induced wind shear, which was verified by the pilot report. The wind field structure around the runway under the wake effect and the building shielding effect is also analyzed.

Evaluation of the airport ferry vehicle scheduling based on network maximum flow model

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, airport ground support vehicles are increasingly becoming a scarce resource. Among them, the ferry vehicle resource is one of the important factors that restrict the flight service quality of airports. In this paper, the optimal scheduling of ferry vehicles in flight ground support service is studied, and an integer programming model is constructed based on the objective of minimizing the number of ferry vehicles required during peak hours or a certain period of time. In order to solve the model, we construct a graph by having the service demand of the flight as the node, and the connecting edges represent that the two service demands can be served by the same ferry vehicle. By introducing virtual flights, the ferry vehicle-sharing network is constructed innovatively, transforming the model into a network maximum flow problem. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are validated by the flight data from Beijing Capital International Airport. This method provides a decision-making reference for the ground service department of airports to evaluate the ferry vehicle scheduling.

An economic evaluation of refrigeration and air-conditioning system retrofit in large-scale public buildings: A case study of Beijing Capital International Airport Terminals

Given users’ increasing demand for thermal comfort in large-scale public buildings, energy consumption of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system continually increases. There is a strong need for implementing Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning System Retrofit (RACSR) in order to achieve better energy performance and carbon emission reductions. Despite the importance of adopting RACSR, it remains uncertain whether various RACSR schemes demonstrate cost effectiveness to attract investors. This paper establishes a methodological framework to carry out an economic evaluation of RACSR projects. By conducting a case study of the Beijing Capital International Airport Terminals retrofit project, this research finds that: (1) Both the Conventional Electrical Air-Conditioning System (CEACS) and the Ice Storage Air-Conditioning System (ISACS) retrofit schemes exhibit favorable environmental performance and cost effectiveness; (2) Although the CEACS scheme achieves higher energy savings, its economic performance is inferior than that of the ISACS scheme; (3) Upfront capital investment is the most sensitive factor affecting the economic viability; (4) The energy saving effects of retrofit schemes seem not to be obviously affected by climate demarcation, but the economic performance of the ISACS increases from cold to warm climate zones; (5) The current economic subsidy policies are too favorable, thus once the government adjusts the subsidy level according to the theoretical environmental benefit, it will largely affect the interests of investors; (6) If the ISACS scheme is adopted, the peak electricity demand will be reduced and electricity usage in off-peak period will increase, which would benefit the stability and reliability of wider electricity networks. This paper offers a useful template to conduct an economic evaluation of RACSR schemes through comprehensive consideration of life-cycle costs and benefits. It offers important recommendations for policy makers and building owners to develop incentive policies and management interventions to encourage the implementation of RACSR.

Restricted Airspace Unit Identification Using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise

This paper first calculates the departure delay and arrival delay of each flight by mining historical flight data. Then, a new method based on density clustering for identification and visualization of restricted airspace units that considers this activity is proposed. The main objective is to identify the restricted airspace units by calculating the average delay time according to the accumulative delay time of airspace units and the accumulative delay flight. Therefore, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering method is utilized to match the latitude and longitude coordinates of each spatial domain unit with its delay time to construct a feature matrix, and then clustering analysis is conducted according to the time period. The method aims at identifying the most severe restricted units in each period. The reliability and applicability of the proposed method are validated through a real case study with flight information from Beijing Capital International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport, and Baiyun International Airport during a typical day. The investigation shows that the DBSCAN clustering method can identify the restricted spatial units intuitively on the six flight paths between Beijing Capital International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport, and Baiyun International Airport.

Relationships between experiential cultural distance, experiential relationship quality and experiential future intentions: the case of Mainland Chinese tourists

ABSTRACT This paper aims at exploring the structural relationships between the dimensions of experiential cultural distance (experiential individualism/collectivism, experiential uncertainty avoidance, experiential power distance, experiential masculinity/femininity), the dimensions of experiential relationship quality (experiential trust and experiential satisfaction) and future experiential intentions. A convenience sample of 683 Mainland Chinese tourists who had taken an international trip for leisure purposes in the past 12 months in Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport was surveyed. Results will assist destination management in developing and implementing market-orientated service strategies to decrease perceptions of experiential uncertainty avoidance, experiential power distance and experiential masculinity and increase perceptions of experiential individualism, experiential trust and experiential satisfaction in order to promote future experiential intentions.

Direct Economic Impact Analysis of the World’s Top Five Busiest Airports in 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct economic impacts of the world’s top five busiest airports in 2018 as they contribute to the economic well-being of the larger communities they serve. This study uses a descriptive case-study methodology since the direct economic impacts of the world’s top five busiest airports are going to be studied in a case-by-case with an intention of reporting the research findings that are not related to specific variables. Amongst the 17,678 commercial service airports in the world, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (USA), Beijing Capital International Airport (Peoples Republic of China), Dubai International Airport (United Arab Emirates), Los Angeles International Airport (USA), and Tokyo Haneda International Airport (Japan) have been ranked respectively as the top five busiest airports in the world on the basis of passenger volume handled in 2018. The research findings indicate that these airports have tremendously benefited their respective communities in terms of employment generation, income generation, and total direct economic impacts. These airports have generated a total of $181.4 billion worth of direct economic benefits to their respective communities and regions.

An Improved Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers Applied to 3D Building Reconstruction and Monitoring

Persistent scatterers interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) is capable of precise topography measurement up to sub-meter scale and monitoring subtle deformation up to mm/year scale for all the radar image pixels with stable radiometric characteristics. As a representative PS-InSAR method, the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) is widely used due to its high density of PS points for both rural and urban areas. However, when it comes to layover regions, which usually happens in urban areas, the StaMPS is limited locally. Moreover, the measurement points are greatly reduced due to the removal of adjacent PS pixels. In this paper, an improved StaMPS method, called IStaMPS, is proposed. The PS pixels are selected with high density by the improved PS selection strategy. Moreover, the topography information not provided in StaMPS can be accurately measured in IStaMPS. Based on the data acquired by TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X over the Terminal 3 E (T3 E) site of Beijing capital international airport and the Chaobai River of Beijing Shunyi District, a comparison between StaMPS-retrieved results and IStaMPS-retrieved ones is performed, which demonstrates that the density of PS points detected by IStaMPS is increased by about 1.8 and 1.6 times for these two areas respectively. Through comparisons of local statistical results of topography estimation and mean deformation rate, the improvement granted by the proposed IStaMPS is demonstrated for both urban areas with complex buildings or man-made targets and non-urban areas with natural targets. In terms of the spatio-temporal deformation variation, the northwest region of T3 E experienced an exceptional uplift during the period from Jun. 2012 to Aug. 2015, and the maximum uplift rate is approximately 4.2 mm per year.

Airport asphalt pavement health monitoring system for mechanical model updating and distress evaluation under realistic random aircraft loads

The performance of airport asphalt pavement gradually deteriorates under aircraft load repetitions. In this study, a framework of airport asphalt pavement health monitoring system was developed to evaluate pavement performance under realistic random aircraft loads. The taxiway of the Beijing Capital International Airport was used as an example, and sensor layout was designed to obtain pavement mechanical responses and identify random aircraft loads. Multi-layered system theory was selected as the mechanical model to simulate airport asphalt pavement structure considering its computational efficiency. Mechanical model updating and distress evaluation based on airport asphalt pavement health monitoring system were discussed. First, in accordance with the theoretical relationship between mechanical responses and moduli derived from the mechanical model, the moduli of the pavement structure layers were back-calculated using measured mechanical responses. The Kalman filtering method was developed to identify modulus parameters that can be used to update the mechanical model. Second, full-field pavement mechanical responses under each load were reconstructed from the mechanical responses of a single point acquired by the sensors based on the updated mechanical model with knowledge of random aircraft loads and modulus parameters. Finally, real-time deterministic pavement distress calculation (cumulative damage from fatigue cracking and rutting) at any point were realized based on transfer functions between mechanical responses and performance. The strategy and process for short-term non-deterministic distress prediction were developed, and non-deterministic pavement distress at any point after multiple random aircraft loads can then be obtained. This study is beneficial for the understanding of airport pavement behavior and decision-making regarding pavement maintenance.

Failure analysis of runway centerline light and effect of microstructure on mechanical properties

Material failure of runway centerline lights was observed in Beijing Capital International Airport after a period of service. In the present paper, visual inspection indicated that cracks initiated from the threaded surface of the lamp, and propagated until fracture. The mechanical properties of three typical lamps were evaluated by tensile, fatigue and impact tests. Microstructural features were also observed. The effects of microstructure and chemical composition on the mechanical properties were identified. It is indicated that improving the material properties of runway centerline lights is beneficial for extending service life and avoiding similar failures.