Capital District Research Articles

Characteristics of Inpatient Hypertension Cases and Factors Associated with Admission Outcomes in Ashanti Region, Ghana: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Hypertension remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It has been featured in the top ten causes of OPD attendance, admissions, and deaths since 2012. We investigated the sociodemographic characteristics and spatial distribution of inpatient hypertensives and factors associated with their admission outcomes. Methods A 2014 line list of 1715 inpatient HPT cases aged ≥25 years was used for the cross-sectional analytic study. Accounting for clustering, all analyses were performed using the “svy” command in Stata. Frequencies, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis. Arc view Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) was used to map the density of cases by place of residence and reporting hospital. Results Mean age of cases was 58 (S.D 0.0068). Females constituted 67.6% of the cases. Age, gender, and NHIS status were significantly associated with admission outcomes. Cases were clustered in the regional capital and bordering districts. However, low case densities were recorded in the latter. Conclusion Increasing NHIS access can potentially impact positively on hypertension admission outcomes. Health educational campaigns targeting men are recommended to address hypertension-related issues.

부여 고도보존육성지구의 주민지원사업 분석과 개선점

부여 고도보존육성지구의 주민지원사업 분석과 개선점

DETECTION OF THE GUAM BIOTYPE (CRB-G) ORYCTES RHINOCEROS LINNEAUS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) IN PORT MORESBY, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Oryctes rhinoceros L. is an important pest of coconuts and oil palm. The damage to palms is primarily caused by adult beetles. They either cut through the frond butts or bore through the palm bases with their forelegs and feed on the inner soft tissues. A strain of Oryctes NudiVirus (Rhabdionvirus oryctes) was identified from Malaysia in the 1960s and used effectively for classical biological control of the pest. However, in 2007 a more destructive population of the beetle was found in Guam. Molecular analysis confirmed its genotype to be different from that of the common population and also to be resistant against NudiVirus infection. The new population has subsequently been referred to as the Guam biotype (CRB-G) whilst the common type has been referred to as the Samoan/Pacific biotype (CRB-SIP). In 2010, similar damage was noted on coconuts in Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea. Sympatric occurrence of both CRB-G and CRB-S in National Capital District with no NudiVirus infection on CRB-G has been confirmed. CRB-G has been found to be less responsive to the aggregation pheromone (ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) used for monitoring and control of 0. rhinoceros. Only CRB-S is found in East New Britain, New Ireland and West New Britain with NudiVirus infection. Widespread severe damage was observed in National Capital District and Central Province, whilst severe damage in New Ireland, East New Britain and West New Britain were localised in areas with readily available breeding sites. Light damages were noted in some areas of Milne Bay, Northern and West New Britain Provinces, but most areas were free of damage. The results are discussed in relation to the impact CRB-G is likely to have on the palm industries in Papua New Guinea if no effective control options are put in place. Keywords: Coconut, oil palm, biological control, Rhabdionvirus oryctes, defoliation.

Safety and Efficacy of Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in Patients with Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Coexisting Medical Conditions: Final Results of the Run-in Phase of the Randomized CLL14 Trial (BO25323)

Safety and Efficacy of Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in Patients with Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Coexisting Medical Conditions: Final Results of the Run-in Phase of the Randomized CLL14 Trial (BO25323)

Population-Based Trachoma Mapping in Six Evaluation Units of Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACTPurpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years, and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in those aged ≥15 years, in suspected trachoma-endemic areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG).Methods: We carried out six population-based prevalence surveys using the protocol developed as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.Results: A total of 19,013 individuals were sampled for inclusion, with 15,641 (82.3%) consenting to participate. Four evaluation units had prevalences of TF in children ≥10%, above which threshold the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin for at least three years; Western Province (South Fly/Daru) 11.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 6.9–17.0%), Southern Highlands (East) 12.2% (95% CI 9.6–15.0%), Southern Highlands (West) 11.7% (95% CI 8.5–15.3%), and West New Britain 11.4% (95% CI 8.7–13.9%). TF prevalence was 5.0–9.9% in Madang (9.4%, 95% CI 6.1–13.0%) and National Capital District (6.0%. 95% CI 3.2–9.1%) where consideration of a single round of MDA is warranted. Cases of TT were not found outside West New Britain, in which four cases were seen, generating an estimated population-level prevalence of TT in adults of 0.10% (95% CI 0.00–0.40%) for West New Britain, below the WHO elimination threshold of 0.2% of those aged ≥15 years.Conclusion: Trachoma is a public health issue in PNG. However, other than in West New Britain, there are few data to support the idea that trachoma is a cause of blindness in PNG. Further research is needed to understand the stimulus for the active trachoma phenotype in these populations.

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay.

Malaria serology through assaying for IgG against Plasmodium spp. antigens provides evidence into the infection history for an individual. The multiplex bead assay (MBA) allows for detection of IgG against multiple Plasmodium spp., and can be especially useful in many regions where Plasmodium falciparum is of primary clinical focus, but other species are co-endemic. Dried blood spots were collected from 805 Malian children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of Mopti, Sikasso, Koulikoro, and Bamako capital district, and IgG assayed by MBA. As southern Mali is known to be holoendemic for P. falciparum, merozoite surface protein 1 19-kDa subunit (MSP-142) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) antigens were included for serology against this parasite. Responses to these antigens both provided high estimates for lifetime exposure, with 730 (90%) children with IgG antibodies for MSP-142, 737 (91%) for AMA-1, and 773 (96%) positive for either or both. Also included was the antigen Plasmodium vivax MSP-119, against which 140 (17.4%) children were found to have antibodies. Increases in antibody titers with older age were clearly seen with the P. falciparum antigens, but not with the P. vivax antigen, likely indicating more of a sporadic, rather than sustained transmission for this species. The MBA provides effective opportunities to evaluate malaria transmission through serological analysis for multiple Plasmodium species.

Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Probolinggo)

This paper examines the real description about the effect of implementationfamily program expectation since 2007 until 2014 in Probolinggo District.Poverty data came from Central Bureau of Statistics (data treated from Indonesian Socio-Economic Survey 2007) also some statistical report. Qualitative approach used for knowing is all the poor receiving the donation. Analysis shows there are not suitable data because referring to old data from Central Bureau of Statistics. Therefore it effects to uneven donation receiver. This paper conclude that donation distribution finding many obstacle caused place for distribution of funds located at capital district, so that difficult to reach it.

Conciliación de inventarios top-down y bottom-up de emisiones de fuentes móviles en Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo: Este estudio presenta la conciliación del inventario de emisiones de fuentes móviles en Bogotá para el año 2013 aplicando las metodologías top-down y bottom-up.Método: Una comparación de las emisiones de las diferentes categorías vehiculares fue realizada, así como la distribución geográfica y temporal de las mismas, mediante la creación de un código de procesamiento en JAVA. El proceso empleó la mayor cantidad de información disponible por las autoridades del Distrito Capital y estudios previos. La innovación particular del presente estudio consiste en la obtención de los flujos vehiculares de vías secundarias a partir de un algoritmo que considera geometría de la vía, interacción entre vías arteriales y secundarias, y restricciones legales de movilidad.Resultados: Los resultados muestran la estimación de emisiones para los contaminantes CO, CO2, COV, NOx, SO2 y PM, además de su comparación con otros estudios realizados en la ciudad. Los valores obtenidos pueden ser catalogados como referentes mínimos y máximos de las emisiones emitidas para 2013, dada la incertidumbre de los datos.Conclusiones: El proyecto proporciona una herramienta muy útil como insumo para las autoridades para identificar puntos significativos de emisión y establecer estrategias para su reducción en pro de la mejora de la calidad del aire de los ciudadanos. Su desarrollo puede ser replicado en la generación de protocolos para la estimación de emisiones de fuentes móviles, considerando las ventajas que conlleva cuando existen limitaciones de información. El método propuesto aún cuenta con incertidumbres que no es posible determinar dada la calidad de las fuentes de información.

Estimating and mapping the incidence of dengue and chikungunya in Honduras during 2015 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Geographical information systems (GIS) use for development of epidemiological maps in dengue has been extensively used, however not in other emerging arboviral diseases, nor in Central America. Surveillance cases data (2015) were used to estimate annual incidence rates of dengue and chikungunya (cases/100,000 pop) to develop the first maps in the departments and municipalities of Honduras. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Four thematic maps were developed according departments, municipalities, diseases incidence rates. A total of 19,289 cases of dengue and 85,386 of chikungunya were reported (median, 726 cases/week for dengue and 1460 for chikungunya). Highest peaks were observed at weeks 25th and 27th, respectively. There was association between progression by weeks (p<0.0001). The cumulated crude national rate was estimated in 224.9 cases/100,000 pop for dengue and 995.6 for chikungunya. The incidence rates ratio between chikungunya and dengue is 4.42 (ranging in municipalities from 0.0 up to 893.0 [San Vicente Centenario]). Burden of both arboviral diseases is concentrated in capital Central District (>37%, both). Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps allow to guide decisions-taking for prevention and control of diseases that still represents significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions.

First-Year Analysis of a New, Home-Based Palliative Care Program Offered Jointly by a Community Hospital and Local Visiting Nurse Service.

There is a growing need for home-based palliative care services, especially for seriously ill individuals who want to avoid hospitalizations and remain with their regular outside care providers. To evaluate the effectiveness of Care Choices, a new in-home palliative care program provided by the Visiting Nurse Services of Northeastern New York and Ellis Medicine's community hospital serving New York's Capital District. This prospective cohort study assessed patient outcomes over the course of 1 year for 123 patients (49 men and 74 women) with serious illnesses who were new enrollees in the program. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 1 month on service. Satisfaction with care was measured after 1 and 3 months on service. The number of emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations pre- and postenrollment was measured for all enrollees. Patients were highly satisfied (72.7%-100%) with their initial care and reported greater satisfaction ( P < .05) and stable symptom management over time. Fewer emergency department ( P < .001) and inpatient hospital admissions ( P < .001) occurred among enrollees while on the palliative care service. An in-home palliative care program offered jointly through a visiting nurse service and community hospital may be a successful model for providing quality care that satisfies chronically ill patients' desire to remain at home and avoid hospital admissions.

El abismo que separa la Constitución de 1991 y los indígenas que habitan en Bogotá, D.C.,… veinte años después

&lt;p&gt;Los estudios socio-jurídicos hacen especial énfasis en analizar el impacto de las normas jurídicas en la vida y la cotidianidad de los actores sociales. En este caso, al evaluar el impacto de la Constitución Política, veinte (20) años después de su aprobación por parte de la ANC, respecto de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, no basta con estudiar la amplia y generosa jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional sobre este tema; tenemos que estudiar las políticas públicas, los planes y programas que establecen de manera clara los compromisos y recursos asignados en el marco de los planes de desarrollo nacionales y municipales, que permiten asegurar el goce y disfrute de Estados de derecho que tan ampliamente consagró la Carta Magna y los instrumentos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos para nuestros pueblos originarios.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Igualmente, el Distrito Capital se tardó veinte (20) años en aprobar, mediante Acuerdo 359 de 2009 “Por el cual se establecen los lineamientos de política pública para los indígenas en Bogotá, D.C., y se dictan otras disposiciones”, lo que puede ser el inicio para la creación de una verdadera política pública para los pueblos indígenas que habitan la capital de la República.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El abismo que separa la proclamación de los derechos en la Constitución de 1991 y la garantía y disfrute de los mismos es, sin duda alguna, las políticas públicas. Entonces, analizaremos en este artículo esos programas de la administración municipal que intentan satisfacer las demandas de nuestros pueblos originarios y la percepción que tienen los indígenas beneficiarios de estos programas; es decir, se hará un balance sobre su aplicación.&lt;/p&gt;

Schedule optimization to improve trunk-local bus transfer efficiency in small conurbations: A case study of New York’s capital region

Fostering the use of transit has been broadly accepted as an effective way to improve social equity and reduce the externalities caused by transportation. In the great body of transit literature, many have focused on the improvement of transfer efficiency. However, investigation on transit transfer efficiency is still lacking for medium sized cities or suburban areas that have sprawled from city centers. The special features associated with such an urban form lead to unique travel patterns and bus operations. This work develops a process to improve bus transfer efficiency for small conurbations considering their special characteristics. A case study of New York’s Capital District is used to illustrate the proposed method. Results show that the transfer waiting time can be remarkably shortened. The proposed method can be widely adapted to other transit systems in small conurbations.

Alternatives Selection for Sustainable Transportation System in Kasongan City

Kasongan City is the district capital of Katingan which has 128.906ha area. Since the first, community of Kasongan City have used Katingan river as a public transportation lines, but in recent years the development of road is increased significantly. It has give impact for growth of motorcycles that reached 91,9% in year 2013. Transportation sector contributes about 53.33% of the total CO2 emissions produced per year. This paper discusses the most important criteria and choose the appropriate alternative to develop sustainable transportation systems in the Kasongan City using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analysis result show the most appropriate alternative is optimize the integrated road—river transportation systems. Social acceptance become the main aspects that must be met in order to increase economic activity. Implementation of this alternative is realized by develop the integrated transit locations in Kasongan City, this program could increase public transport users and reducing CO2 emissions.

A cost path and network analysis methodology to calculate distances along a complex river network in the Peruvian Amazon

Distance is a key variable in explicating environmental, social, and economic conditions and in defining spatial and temporal patterns. Prior research has primarily focused on using simple to complex algorithms for calculating distances along road networks. In contrast, few algorithms are available for distance calculations along fluvial networks which are often more erratic, divergent and transient than road networks. Fluvial transportation is relied upon worldwide, particularly in developing regions, where communities use river networks for transportation, access to natural resources and for trade and commerce. This paper presents a methodology developed for mapping complex fluvial networks for travel distance analysis. The methodology was applied in four major river basins in western Amazonia over some 35,000 km of river length and incorporating 919 communities as origins/destinations. A cost path and network analysis methodology was created using vector and raster datasets in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess interactions among communities and the distances traveled by river to reach district capitals, major urban centres and marketplaces. An accuracy assessment using distance values calculated from a previous study using a different methodological approach in the region as well as Google Earth Pro, found a high degree of concordance for distance calculations. Our methodology creates a very flexible approach for complex river systems that can be use to calculate river distances in an adaptive and efficient manner and that can be use in other regions of the world where rural communities must rely on rivers for transportation.

Subsistence fishing methods of Nicobari tribes using traditional knowledge

Abstract Nicobarese are one of the six aboriginal tribes inhabiting Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They account for over 95% of the total tribal population in the islands and majority of them inhabit at Car Nicobar, which is the capital of Nicobar district and popularly called as Coconut Island. The Nicobari tribes are hunters and gatherers who use their indigenous knowledge for exploitation of marine fishery resources using locally available materials. The common fishing methods in vogue are tamatu (trap), thanam kak (spear with rope) chok / linreny kak (spear with rubber), kinyav (icthyotoxic seed), thakua kak (line), kel thakua kak (hand line), tamarotha thakua kak (long line), Hanak Inhal Kak (shore seine), Inruon thakua kak (troll line) and Inhal (gill net). The Nicobari tribes have inherited the skill for designing and operating these gears from their forefathers. This paper summarises the traditional knowledge existing and commonly practiced among the Nicobari tribes for exploitation of marine fish at Car Nicobar.

The Abject Dream of Neo-Capital: Capitalist Urbanism, Architecture and Endangered Live-Ability of the Middle East’s Modern Cities

This paper interrogates the notion of “New Capital” in the context of the hegemony of neoliberal urbanism in the Arabcities in the Middle East from historical, socioeconomic, and spatial perspectives. It reviews the historical narratives of new centres and districts in Cairo, Beirut, and evolving capitalist urbanism and architecture in the Arabian Peninsula in search of the elitist dream of neoliberal urbanism. It offers a comprehensive analysis to the notions of neoliberal ideology and urban policies, neo-Capital city as catalyst for nation-building, and neo-Capitalist architecture as the reproduction of clone structures of western models. The paper focuses its critical analysis on the aspects of liveability in the contemporary Arab City and its socio-spatial structures and everyday urban reality. It reports on urban narratives based on archival records, urban projects, and investigations of governmental accounts to determine aspects of success and failure in projects of new capital cities and districts. It argues that cities are essentially social-spatial systems in which hierarchy is a fundamental element, the lack of which determines abject failure of their anticipated vision.

PENANGANAN PERUMAHAN TIDAK LAYAK HUNI DI WILAYAH PANTAI KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Housing and residential construction is basically the duty and responsibility of the people themselves . In this case the government is obliged to provide facilities and create a climate that encourages the growth and development of initiatives and governmental organizations in order to foster the implementation and development can take place in an orderly manner . The purpose of this study provide policy inputs for handling housing in the Capital District Coastal Region in realizing housing livable and healthy , safe , harmonious , orderly and sustainable in Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara . Location of the study in 6 ( six ) Capital District Coastal Region Kutai Kartanegara . Data analysis was performed by means of verbal ( qualitative ) . Based on the research results , it is necessary to repair efforts on facilities and infrastructure in coastal areas , the need for local governments to construct a scenario the development of housing and settlements in the area in the form of Housing Development Plan and Regional Development (RP4D ) and have institutional / agency that coordinates programs and activities and residential housing .

Thermal comfort and energy performance: Sensitivity analysis to apply the Passive House concept to the Portuguese climate

The need to apply the Passive House concept to Mediterranean countries climate is regarded as being of great importance to support countries such as Portugal to reduce its primary energy demand associated to buildings consumption and thus, devising a cost-efficient strategy to meet the targets pointed out by the recast of the EPBD 2010/31/EU. In this sense, the present research intends to contribute to the implementation of the Passive House concept in Portugal, by means of a detailed study for the Aveiro region and a more broad analysis examination for different district capitals of Portugal mainland.A detached two-storey lightweight steel structure of contemporary architecture was modelled as case study for the Portuguese climate, based on its original design solutions and resorting to the EnergyPlus® software. From this original model, sensitivity analyses were carried out in order to meet the parameters defined by PH standards.The improved results from the climate region of Aveiro, in Portugal, have led to a reduction of the 62%, 72% and 4.4% for the heating demand, cooling demand and overheating rate, respectively (comparing the improved solution with the original as reference). It was therefore possible to meet the PH requirements, proving its applicability to the Portuguese climate and for this particular building technology.

Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in Patna district (capital of Bihar) in the middle Ganga plain, India

We investigated the extent and severity of groundwater arsenic (As) contamination in five blocks in Patna district, Bihar, India along with As in biological samples and its health effects such as dermatological, neurological and obstetric outcome in some villages. We collected 1365 hand tube-well water samples and analyzed for As by the flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometer (FI-HG-AAS). We found 61% and 44% of the tube-wells had As above 10 and 50 μg/l, respectively, with maximum concentration of 1466 μg/l. Our medical team examined 712 villagers and registered 69 (9.7%) with arsenical skin lesions. Arsenical skin lesions were also observed in 9 children of 312 screened. We analyzed 176 biological samples (hair, nail and urine). Out of these, 69 people had arsenical skin lesions and rest without skin lesions. We found 100% of the biological samples had As above the normal levels (concentrations of As in hair, nail and urine of unexposed individuals usually ranges from 20 to 200 μg/kg, 20–500 μg/kg and <100 μg/l, respectively), indicating many people are sub-clinically affected. Arsenical neuropathy was observed in 40.5% of 37 arsenicosis patients with 73.3% prevalence for predominant sensory neuropathy and 26.7% for sensor-motor. Among patients, different clinical and electrophysiological neurological features and abnormal quantitative sensory perception thresholds were also noted. The study also found that As exposed women with severe skin lesions had adversely affected their pregnancies. People including children in the affected areas are in danger. To combat As situation in affected areas, villagers urgently need (a) provision of As-safe water for drinking and cooking, (b) awareness about the danger of As toxicity, and (c) nutritious food.

The Burden of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea: Results of a Large Population-Based Survey.

BackgroundReliable estimates of the burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are crucial for effective control and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a high TB burden country with limited information on the magnitude of the MDR-TB problem.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in four PNG provinces: Madang, Morobe, National Capital District and Western Province. Patient sputum samples were tested for rifampicin resistance by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and those showing the presence of resistance underwent phenotypic susceptibility testing to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs including streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, ofloxacin, amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin.ResultsAmong 1,182 TB patients enrolled in the study, MDR-TB was detected in 20 new (2.7%; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.1–4.3%) and 24 previously treated (19.1%; 95%CI: 8.5–29.8%) TB cases. No case of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was detected. Thirty percent (6/20) of new and 33.3% (8/24) of previously treated cases with MDR-TB were detected in a single cluster in Western Province.ConclusionIn PNG the proportion of MDR-TB in new cases is slightly lower than the regional average of 4.4% (95%CI: 2.6–6.3%). A large proportion of MDR-TB cases were identified from a single hospital in Western Province, suggesting that the prevalence of MDR-TB across the country is heterogeneous. Future surveys should further explore this finding. The survey also helped strengthening the use of smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF testing as diagnostic tools for TB in the country.