Campus Planning Research Articles

学校建築におけるコミュニティスペースの環境条件と利用実態に関する研究

Not only spaces of study, such as, a classroom and a library, but also those for informal communication in lunch time and after school, such as, courtyard and entrance hall, are one of the most important factors for campus planning. To say about communication spaces, the environment and its influence on the state of mind and the behavior of the students must be different between the indoor communication space where the thermal condition is controlled by artificial devices, and that of outdoor where the thermal condition changes naturally. But, few studies are found from the viewpoint of thermal condition and usage of those spaces. The purpose of this study is to figure out the thermal and architectural influences of the indoor and outdoor community spaces of the junior and senior high school buildings on the state of mind and the behavior of the students through the year. The research of the thermal environment, the observational survey and the questionnaire survey have been done in June, September, October, November, and February, in the junior and senior high school. The results are shown as follows. 1. Both the result of the observational survey and the questionnaire survey shows that students stay hall and courtyard having a lunch and chattering in lunch time, then, after school, they were mainly studying in the hall, chattering and having rendezvous with friends in the courtyard. The staying time is longer in the hall than in the courtyard. So, it found that students chose which to stay depend on the staying time and purpose. 2. The research of the thermal environment and observational survey show that there was no correlation between the number of students in the hall or courtyard and the temperature, and also that students kept staying in the courtyard in high temperature as 28 degree centigrade in September. 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the temperature and the rate to choose staying in the courtyard. In September, in spite of the heat, the rate increased. In February, because of the cold, the rate decreased. 4. PMV of the hall and courtyard was almost within +1.0 to -1.0 through the year. In June and September, in the courtyard, PMV increased more than +1.0, but the number of the students staying there didn't decrease. 5. The thermal sense in February shows that the ratio of the sum of the cold and slightly cold in the hall was more than that in the courtyard. It can be inferred that the students' basic metabolic rate is higher than those of the grown-up, and also, that students have chosen to stay outside by themselves, knowing it's cold there. 6. In the courtyard, there was no correlation between the evaluation of thermal comfort and PPD. One of the reasons is assumed that there are a lot of stimulus in outdoor except for thermal stimuli, one more reason is also assumed that thermal condition such as heat and cold outdoor is tend to be widely accepted compared with indoor. 7. The students' evaluation shows that furniture and vending machines promote to stay in the courtyard. 8. The students' evaluation shows that they feel natural factors, such as, “wind” , ”shade of tree”, “sunshine”, and “sky”, more in the courtyard than in the hall. 9. The students' evaluation shows that there were about 30% replies of the long distance from the classroom to there, for the reason why students don't stay in the hall or the courtyard. But, another evaluation shows there is not obvious relation between the distance and the number of staying students. On the other hand, the reason to stay in the hall or courtyard has a difference by grade. Those results are expected to be the basic data necessary for planning informal communication spaces in schools, specially in the outdoor.

Characteristic of macroinvertebrates abundance in cascade-pond system at Universitas Indonesia Campus, West Java, Indonesia

Catchment area of cascade-pond system at Universitas Indonesia (UI) campus is an area with high population density. The high population density has led to increasing impervious cover since it has to provide the housing needs. Increasing of impervious cover affected stream quality in the catchment area. The state of aquatic system quality can be assessed among others using biotic index and observed macroinvertebrates distribution. The management of UI campus plans to reduce the negative effect of decreasing the aquatic system quality by conducting audit the health state of cascade-pond system. The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of macroinvertebrates abundance at cascade-pond system at UI campus. Macroinvertebrates are commonly used as indicator of pollution level at aquatic system. Sampling is conducted using biomonitoring method, and is carried out at cascade-pond system, which consisted of six ponds, by two times repetitions. The identification of any individual macroinvertebrates caught during the sampling is conducted in the laboratory. The characteristics of macroinvertebrates were assessed based on Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) Index dan Family Biotic Index (FBI).The results indicates that there is a tendency of improving diversity of macroinvertebrate in the downstream direction of the cascade-pond system.

Josep Luís Sert: Harvard University Campus Planning and Buildings, 1956–1968

Leadership roles in the Harvard University Planning Office and the Cambridge City Planning Commission prompted Josep Lluìs Sert to adapt the utopian proclivities he formulated as President of the Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) to American social and cultural realities. The Harvard planning report of 1960 in turn provided a theoretical basis for Sert’s architectural designs for the university, particularly his firm’s Center for the Study of World Religions (1959–61), Holyoke Center (1958–67), and Peabody Terrace (1962–62). All were developed with landscape architects Sasaki, Walter and Associates and built in the campus periphery 1. Although acclaimed in the architectural media, the latter two examples provoked considerable controversy locally, as this account elaborates.

Assessment of Satisfaction and Environmental Preferences of Students

This study seeks to explore the role of university campus quality in art students’ satisfaction. Environmental satisfaction is one of the key criteria by which the extent of university educational quality may be determined. An educational environment of high quality campus conveys a sense of satisfaction with university environment that may be physical, social and symbolic. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction from the art students’ point of view can be used as criteria for the campus planning, design and management to improve participation in environmental interaction and desire to more artistic performance. Data collection of the research was undertaken through a field study using photography, behavior monitoring and a questionnaire filled in by a sample of art students in Tabriz Islamic Art University. Descriptions and analysis of the results shows that the art students’ satisfaction with their university campus environment is at a mid-level.Identity and legibility, access in the campus, sociability, livability, teritoriality & control are of the main physical-psychological factors that may influence students’ environm,ental satisfaction. According to the character of artistic creativity, contact with nature can have a positive influence on art students’environmental satisfaction.

Barriers to adoption of campus green building policies

PurposeThe focus of this paper is on environmental protection, specifically within the context of green building at institutions of higher education (IHEs). One major reason why many IHEs are not undertaking sustainable building policies is the barriers to adoption. The lack of efficiency caused by these barriers to adoption of campus green building will be examined. The purpose of this paper is to identify the common barriers to adoption of green building initiatives at IHEs from multiple stakeholder perspectives and propose possible solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe manuscript provides a general review of the lack of efficiency caused by the barriers to adoption of sustainable building policies at tertiary education institutions.FindingsCampus sustainable building policies face various barriers to adoption of green building policies. Campus sustainable building policies face various barriers to adoption. These include lack of awareness among many stakeholders, incentives, champions, understanding of financial considerations, and occupant satisfaction. These barriers can be addressed through review of student perceptions, encouraging knowledge gains at larger wealthier IHEs, campus planning, offering financial motivations, employing a campus sustainability officer, and marketing green campus building initiatives. However, every stakeholder needs to be part of the collaboration and incentivized in order to reduce these barriers.Practical implicationsThis manuscript should be helpful to campus community members as they are involved in crafting, implementing, and managing green building policies. As green building development is a contemporary issue among the higher education sector, this research should prove helpful to decision makers as it identifies barriers and solutions to these barriers. Furthermore, this research can assist practitioners when attempting to implement green building policies at their respective IHEs by helping them understand the barriers as well as potential solutions for these barriers to campus green building.Originality/valueThis general review uncovers barriers to green building in the higher education sector; a sector which historically is dearth on green building research. Furthermore, solutions are offered to address and overcome these barriers from multiple stakeholder perspectives within this sector.

Regional planning, sustainability goals and the mitch-match between educational practice and climate, energy and business plans

While a number of studies have explored campus planning and higher education in the context of regional sustainable initiatives, little emphasis has been put into the analysis of education for sustainability across scale. This article presents an empirical analysis of education for sustainability related to regional planning. The study combines multiscalar governance on RSI with a research project of HEI students’ opinion on sustainability competences. Drawing upon a sample of 398 respondents the survey is supplemented with a discussion on the nexuses and linkages between business, education, environmental and regional development plans. The results from the survey illustrate that students generally value sustainability competences and that they consider such competences important to possess in order to become attractive in future labour markets. By relating student perception to regional climate and energy planning, the study also highlights a mis-match between policy and (educational) practice. The findings from the survey and the discussion have implications for the traditional lack of coherence between policy areas relevant to sustainable development and stress an urgent need for better coordination between business, education, environmental and regional development plans.

Assessment Capacity Building at a Research University

AbstractHigher education institutions use program‐level learning outcomes assessment to improve programs, enhance student learning, and meet external requirements. An assessment office at a research university used a variety of evaluation capacity‐building (ECB) activities to increase faculty and administrators’ engagement in assessment and use of findings for program improvement. To investigate six desired ECB outcomes, the author analyzed survey responses and program assessment reports (2008–2014). The findings showed success in four ECB outcomes: positive attitudes toward assessment, motivation to engage, knowledge and skills, and department climate. However, two outcomes fell below expectations: department resources and use of findings. A correlation study revealed several significant, positive relationships between outcomes and faculty engagement with the strongest relationship being between level of faculty assessment experience and knowledge and skills. Because use of findings for program improvement and better student learning are primary assessment purposes, these results are valuable for campus planning of future capacity‐building activities. New ECB efforts that focus on faculty capacity to discuss assessment with colleagues, department resources, and most important, ways to use assessment findings are planned.

Architecture in Support of Citizenry: Vernon DeMars and the Berkeley Student Union

University students perennially use college campuses for social and political protest. For this reason it is important to understand how campus design conditions student activism as well as the ways architects have worked to build spaces to practice democracy and citizenship. This article turns to the administrative policies and campus planning activities leading up to the Free Speech Movement in 1964, which took place adjacent to the postwar student union building at the University of California, Berkeley. It argues that the student center and plaza, designed by the architects Vernon DeMars and Donald Hardison and landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, gave the postwar university citizenry a monumental space to practice democracy as it paved the way for civic-oriented student centers elsewhere.

‘Conservation Management Strategy for Water Resource Sustainability in Campus’

Sustainability as a matter of fact has been an integral part of every step towards development of a town. Historical towns have developed in integration with sustainability when reviewed . Water Resource sustainability with its usage for habitation has been going critical day by day, where as availability of water is not at all a problem at most of the places and times. In campus planning sustainability in usage of water has observed a long way. There are some developments in town observed with leading approach to sustainability to make others to follow it. Authors have made an attempt to describe the water usage conservation management strategy at the educational institution campus analyzing the sustainability achievement during its usage. For that the authors have studie done such institutional campus in Nagpur District along with the residential facilities where water re source management was a challenge. It witnesses the thoughtful working on water sustainability aspects viz. reduce, reuse and recycle. The discipline of natural environment has inspired them to go in order definitely achieving the water resource sustainability.

Research on Campus Bike Path Planning Scheme Evaluation Based on TOPSIS Method: Wei'shui Campus Bike Path Planning as an Example

Campus bike path planning is an important part of campus planning. Reasonable planning not only needs to meet the requirements of bicycle traffic on campus, but also should be coordinated with the whole campus system. Campus bike path planning index system was built based on engineering system theory. The objective TOPSIS evaluation method was applied to evaluate the campus bike path planning schemes. TOPSIS method was combined with evaluation index system to evaluate a specific case. The result shows that the combination of TOPSIS method and the established evaluation index system can objectively judge the advantages and disadvantages of bike path plans.

The rhetoric of campus architecture

Courses: Rhetorical Criticism, Persuasion, Rhetoric and Architecture, Visual Rhetoric.Objectives: This single class activity is designed to raise student awareness about the rhetorical nature of architecture and campus planning; to shift student perceptions away from taking their physical surroundings as “a given” and toward seeing them as the product of strategic human choices and decision making; to foster a spirit of curiosity about how buildings can influence our emotions and behavior; and to reduce student uncertainty about unfamiliar course content.

The last great projects, 1890-1895

In 1890, Frederick Law Olmsted, then nearly sixty-eight years old, had risen to the pinnacle of his career. Together with his partners, stepson John Charles Olmsted and protege Henry Sargent Codman, he was involved in a number of major ongoing projects, including the Boston, Buffalo, and Rochester park systems, the campus plan for Stanford University, and numerous private estates. In July, he reported that the firm had twenty works of considerable importance underway, including nine large parks and six estates that he believed were matters of public interest. Before the summer ended, the firm's commitments would expand dramatically as Olmsted and his partners were appointed landscape architects for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. As commissions for new park systems, residential communities, grounds for educational institutions, and private homes increased, Olmsted feared that their commitments would exceed the partners' ability to do their best work. Despite these fears, Olmsted's work in the final six years of his professional career would only enhance his considerable reputation, as the ninth and final volume of The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted reveals. With its impressive waterways, monumental buildings, and verdant islands and shores, the Chicago fair proved to be one of the firm's crowning achievements. The early 1890s also saw the culmination of Olmsted's wide-ranging work on one of his other great projects: the design of the grounds of George W. Vanderbilt's massive estate, Biltmore, near Asheville, North Carolina. In planning the estate's thousands of acres, Olmsted outlined new approaches to landscape design, promoted the creation of the first scientific forestry operation in the United States, designed a model residential subdivision, and proposed an arboretum that would have been the most ambitious in the nation. The Last Great Projects, 1890-1895, chronicles the history of one of the world's greatest landscape design firms while offering a fascinating retrospective on Frederick Law Olmsted's productive final years. The volume also gathers together the important documents of this last triumphant era. As Olmsted neared the end of his career, he wrote some of his most reflective letters and reports, summarizing the legacy of his involvement with the U.S. Sanitary Commission, the quality of landscape design in England and France, the biographical circumstances that proved most important to his development as an artist, and his hopes and fears for the future of his profession.

건강캠퍼스 구축을 위한 건강증진대학사업의 필수영역 및 추진전략

Objectives: Health behaviors among young people group are strongly linked to healthy habit or life style in adulthood. This study performed to explore the essential components and effective strategies to develop the standardized program on healthy campus that could contribute to health status and sustainable health promotion among students, faculty, and staff in university health. Methods: To set up the priority and weighting of essential components and strategies on health promoting university, thirty one professionals who had majored in health promotion were selected for Delphi in Oct. 2011. Results: Barriers to success of the health promoting university were lack of interest and policies, incomplete process of health planning, absence of health-related personnel, and inadequate action plan. Essential components of healthy campus were raising fund, healthy policy, participation, human resource, and health promotion programs. Effective strategies were expanding of health promotion programs to improve lifestyle, improvement of campus environment, planning of healthy campus, development of infrastructure, and building up a healthy and safety campus. Conclusions: Health promoting university services support to achieve academic goal of student and helps to reduce absenteeism of university faculty and staff through the on-campus services that are accessible, student-focused, cost-effective, and high quality.Key words: health promoting university, healthy campus, college & university health, essential components

ANURIB – Advanced National facility for Unstable and Rare Ion Beams

An ISOL post-accelerator type of RIB facility is being developed at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata, India. In this scheme, Rare Ion Beams (RIBs) will be produced using light ion beams (p, α) from the K=130 cyclotron, the RIB of interest will be separated from the other reaction products and accelerated up to about 2 MeV /u using a number of linear accelerators. Recently, a few RIBs have been produced and accelerated using this facility. As an extention of this effort, another RIB facility – ANURIB will be developed in a new campus as a green-field project. ANURIB will have two driver accelerators – a superconducting electron LINAC to produce n-rich RIBs using photofission route and a 50 MeV proton cyclotron for producing p-rich RIBs. In this paper, the status of the RIB facility in the present campus and future plans with the ANURIB facility will be discussed.

Integrating community engagement and children's voices into design and planning education

This article shares outcomes from a year-long participatory planning process – one that brought together children and youth engagement, city planning, campus planning, and a university environmental design course to explore child-friendly, dense and affordable housing for a city of approximately 100,000 residents. This process of engagement asked design students to include youth participation and child-friendly cities as an integrated component of sustainable cities. The article shows varying degrees of transformation, views of children as credible participants, and values gained from the project. Many undergraduates changed their thinking about the role of young people in design processes and outcomes.

Community-Engaged Public Health Research to Inform Hospital Campus Planning in a Low Socioeconomic Status Urban Neighborhood.

To compare sociodemographic and motivational factors for healthcare use and identify desirable health-promoting resources among groups in a low socioeconomic status (SES) community in Chicago, IL. Disparities in health services and outcomes are well established in low SES urban neighborhoods in the United States and many factors beyond service availability and quality impact community health. Yet there is no clear process for engaging communities in building resources to improve population-level health in such locales. A hospital building project led to a partnership of public health researchers, architects, and planners who conducted community-engaged research. We collected resident data and compared factors for healthcare use and choice and likelihood of engaging new health-promoting services. Neighborhood areas were strongly associated with ethnic groupings, and there were differences between groups in healthcare choice and service needs, such as, proximity to home was more important to Latinos than African Americans in choice of healthcare facility ( p adj = .001). Latinos expressed higher likelihood to use a fitness facility ( p adj = .001). Despite differences in vehicle ownership, >75% of all respondents indicated that nearby public transportation was important in choosing healthcare. Knowledge of community needs and heterogeneity is essential to decision makers of facility and community development plans. Partnerships between public health, urban planning, architecture, and local constituents should be cultivated toward focus on reducing health disparities. Further work to integrate community perspectives through the planning and design process and to evaluate the long-term impact of such efforts is needed.

APA Contributes to Guide for Suicide Response at Colleges

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Professional NewsFull AccessAPA Contributes to Guide for Suicide Response at CollegesNick ZagorskiNick ZagorskiSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:2 Feb 2015https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2015.2a5AbstractAPA teams with other organizations dedicated to student mental well-being to develop a guide to help colleges manage and move on from a suicide on campus.When a tragic event like a suicide hits a community, most questions instinctively reflect back—“Why did this happen?” “What signs did we miss?” and perhaps most agonizingly, “How could we have prevented this?”However, looking forward is a critical part of the process as well; a suicide needs to be properly acknowledged and managed to help a community move on. It’s a strategy known as “postvention,” and it’s particularly important in places like college campuses, where a student’s suicide can strongly reverberate among a population that is young, vulnerable, and undoubtedly dealing with many stressors of its own.“While none of us wants to experience a student suicide, it is an important reality of working on a campus,” said Leigh White, M.D., the chief of psychiatry services for Michigan State University Student Health.The use of suicide postvention plans is becoming more prominent across colleges and universities, though there has not been much research in this area, forcing college officials to develop plans ad hoc from their own experiences.“Colleges are well suited to manage a suicide in that they have an infrastructure to allow for a coordinated response in a way that a neighborhood community cannot,” said White, pointing to features such as on-campus security, counseling centers, and readily available ways to contact every student or his or her family. “What many of us in this field realized was missing was some overarching guidance as to what college campuses should do to make best use of these resources.” HEMHA’s suicide “postvention” guide is designed as both a campus planning tool and a useable guide for responding to a crisis situation.HEMHAWhite also serves as the APA representative to the Higher Education Mental Health Alliance (HEMHA), a consortium of groups dedicated to promoting mental well-being for students. The result of HEMHA’s efforts to address this issue is Postvention: A Guide for Response to Suicide on College Campuses, a resource to help colleges more effectively and sensitively respond to campus deaths. Published in November 2014, the postvention guide was designed to provide “actionable” guidance that colleges can adapt for their unique circumstances but is broad enough to be applicable to any campus environment from a tiny liberal arts college to a massive, multicampus state university.And while the guide was envisioned as a planning tool, it was kept concise to enable it to be useable in a crisis if a suicide occurs at a college before a postvention strategy has been fully developed.“Every suicide situation is unique, so this guide cannot provide a prescriptive set of best practices,” cautioned Victor Schwartz, M.D., the medical director for fellow HEMHA member the Jed Foundation, a nonprofit organization that works to promote mental health and prevent suicides in college students.“However, the guide can identify specific intervention areas to target and offer suggestions for implementation strategies,” he added.The key areas highlighted in the guide involve managing communications, providing proper clinical and support services, handling memorials and services, and getting back to the routine. Effective communication in particular can be complicated in a modern world where the facts—and rumors—regarding a suicide can spread rapidly via social media.Schwartz noted that HEMHA will make the guide a downloadable online resource and treat it as a living document that can be updated as schools implement the recommendations and provide feedback on effective approaches.Critically, noted White, a commitment to postvention does not diminish campus efforts to prevent suicides from occurring. “One of the biggest worries following a suicide is suicide contagion spreading through the campus and affecting other vulnerable people,” she told Psychiatric News. “And the HEMHA guide specifically addresses this risk and how to limit it. So if done properly, a postvention strategy is also a prevention strategy,” she said.In addition to APA and the Jed Foundation, other HEMHA members that helped develop this guide include the American College Counseling Association, American College Health Association, American College Personnel Association, American Psychological Association, Association for University and College Counseling Directors, and NASPA-Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education. ■“Postvention: A Guide for Response to Suicide on College Campuses” can be accessed here. This site also contains HEMHA’s previous guide, “Balancing Safety and Support on Campus.” ISSUES NewArchived

SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ KONTROL BAZI

Since the early 1970s, Electronic Distance Measurements (EDMs) are widely used in the length measurements. To give accuracy and reliable results from these instruments, EDM users should have a good knowledge of measurement system and should take necessary precaution during measuring and calibration of EDMs should be done. In this context, periodically determining of zero addition error which causes systematic error during length measurements, scale coefficient error and phase difference measurement errors are important. These errors which are named as instrument parameters can be determined in baseline which is set up for calibrations. To determine instrument parameters, first control baseline was set up in 1990 in the campus area of Selcuk University. But, the baseline had become unusable in consequence of new road and changed campus plan. The new baseline was set up in 2010 to control and to calibrate the EDMs used from both government agency and Selcuk University. The baseline has 6 points and its length is 660 m. Up to this day, in the created baseline, the EDMs which are used by Konya, Karaman, Aksaray, Eskisehir, Afyon Cadastre Directorates were made control and calibration. In this study, the design of newly created baseline and technical properties are described. Furthermore, to determine instrument parameters in the campus area of Selcuk University, a program was prepared in Microsoft Excel 2007. With the prepared program, zero addition error, scale coefficient error and phase difference measurement error of EDMs can be determined and for determined parameters, significance test can be made.

Campus Information-and-Knowledge Modeling: Embedding Multidisciplinary Knowledge into a Design Environment for University Campus Planning

This article gives an overview of our research approach in collecting specific information and multidisciplinary knowledge with the aim of integrating them into a model for the planning of a university, supported by a design environment. Our goal is to develop a strategy for modeling raw information and expert knowledge for the Georgia Tech Campus. This research was divided into three stages: First, we identified a variety of written sources of information for campus planning, extracting and distinguishing raw information from disciplinary knowledge. Second, we selected the elicitation methods to gather knowledge directly from experts, with the objective of performing qualitative assessments –effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction– of certain features of the Georgia Tech Campus. Third, we interpreted the information and knowledge obtained and structured them into Bloom's taxonomy of factual, conceptual, procedural and meta-cognitive, to define the specific modeling implementation strategies. Currently, we are implementing a Campus Landscape Information Modeling Tabletop in two phases. First, constructing an information-model based on raster and vector models that represent land types and landscape elements respectively, to perform quantitative assessments of campus possible scenarios. Second, embedding knowledge and qualitative aspects into a knowledge-model. The long-term goal is to include quantitative as well as qualitative aspects into a computational model, to support informed and balanced design decisions for university campus planning. This paper specifically focuses on the construction of the knowledge-model for Georgia Tech Landscape planning, its structure, its content, as well as the elicitation methods used to collect it.

Research on Passive Planning and Design of Green Campus in Subtropical Region

The Passive Planning and Design is used in the new campus of the first senior middle school in Maoming city, Guangdong province, China. Oriented by regional climate, the design has beneficially explored the way of implementation of green campus in Subtropical Region. During the whole design process, the Computer Simulation Environment technology is combined with the regular design methods, cooperating with multi professional fields such as planning, architecture, landscape and pyrology. After building energy consumption calculation, the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection is achieved.