学校建築におけるコミュニティスペースの環境条件と利用実態に関する研究

Abstract

Not only spaces of study, such as, a classroom and a library, but also those for informal communication in lunch time and after school, such as, courtyard and entrance hall, are one of the most important factors for campus planning. To say about communication spaces, the environment and its influence on the state of mind and the behavior of the students must be different between the indoor communication space where the thermal condition is controlled by artificial devices, and that of outdoor where the thermal condition changes naturally. But, few studies are found from the viewpoint of thermal condition and usage of those spaces. The purpose of this study is to figure out the thermal and architectural influences of the indoor and outdoor community spaces of the junior and senior high school buildings on the state of mind and the behavior of the students through the year. The research of the thermal environment, the observational survey and the questionnaire survey have been done in June, September, October, November, and February, in the junior and senior high school. The results are shown as follows. 1. Both the result of the observational survey and the questionnaire survey shows that students stay hall and courtyard having a lunch and chattering in lunch time, then, after school, they were mainly studying in the hall, chattering and having rendezvous with friends in the courtyard. The staying time is longer in the hall than in the courtyard. So, it found that students chose which to stay depend on the staying time and purpose. 2. The research of the thermal environment and observational survey show that there was no correlation between the number of students in the hall or courtyard and the temperature, and also that students kept staying in the courtyard in high temperature as 28 degree centigrade in September. 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the temperature and the rate to choose staying in the courtyard. In September, in spite of the heat, the rate increased. In February, because of the cold, the rate decreased. 4. PMV of the hall and courtyard was almost within +1.0 to -1.0 through the year. In June and September, in the courtyard, PMV increased more than +1.0, but the number of the students staying there didn't decrease. 5. The thermal sense in February shows that the ratio of the sum of the cold and slightly cold in the hall was more than that in the courtyard. It can be inferred that the students' basic metabolic rate is higher than those of the grown-up, and also, that students have chosen to stay outside by themselves, knowing it's cold there. 6. In the courtyard, there was no correlation between the evaluation of thermal comfort and PPD. One of the reasons is assumed that there are a lot of stimulus in outdoor except for thermal stimuli, one more reason is also assumed that thermal condition such as heat and cold outdoor is tend to be widely accepted compared with indoor. 7. The students' evaluation shows that furniture and vending machines promote to stay in the courtyard. 8. The students' evaluation shows that they feel natural factors, such as, “wind” , ”shade of tree”, “sunshine”, and “sky”, more in the courtyard than in the hall. 9. The students' evaluation shows that there were about 30% replies of the long distance from the classroom to there, for the reason why students don't stay in the hall or the courtyard. But, another evaluation shows there is not obvious relation between the distance and the number of staying students. On the other hand, the reason to stay in the hall or courtyard has a difference by grade. Those results are expected to be the basic data necessary for planning informal communication spaces in schools, specially in the outdoor.