Cable Box Research Articles

Statistical Analysis of the User Viewing Pay Channels Behavior Based on RFML Model

Based on the two-way digital cable set-top box return real-time data acquisition, pay channels on Xi'an 27966 users viewing data and analyze the users’ data. First of all, pay channels to build RFML model user viewing behavior. Then, using descriptive statistical analysis and RFM model to analyze and build the user behavior index calculation model. Finally, according to the analysis results, the study could give the conclusion that the score of CCTV the first theatre channel is highest and the Laughter theatre channel and charming music channel have the lowest score.

On-line monitoring and analysis of the dielectric loss in cross-bonded HV cable system

Dielectric loss has long been recognized as one of the most important indicators of cable insulation health. Although huge efforts have been made in the past to measure the dielectric loss of cable circuits, there has been no report of any successful on-line techniques for the purpose. This paper proposes a new on-line insulation dielectric loss monitoring method, based on separation of currents collected from the co-axial cables connecting the cable sheathes and the cable link boxes. The principle and theoretical foundation of the method are demonstrated. MATLAB simulations, based on the real cable parameters in a 110kV cable tunnel in China, indicate the error of the proposed method is less than 1×10−3%. The criteria for determining the relative dielectric loss in cable segments, based on the leakage current separation results, are demonstrated at the end. Initial results and analysis of implementation of the proposed method in the real world 110kV cable tunnel are presented.

Left arm/left leg lead reversals at the cable junction box: A cause for an epidemic of errors

Medical errors, especially due to misinterpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG), are extremely common in patients admitted to the hospital and significantly account for increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs in the United States. Inaccurate performance of an ECG can lead to invalid interpretation and in turn may lead to costly cardiovascular evaluation. We report a retrospective series of 58 sequential cases of ECG limb lead reversals in the ER due to inadvertent interchange in the lead cables at the point where they insert into the cable junction box of one ECG machine. This case series highlights recognition of ECG lead reversal originating in the ECG machine itself. This case series also demonstrates an ongoing need for education regarding standardization of ECG testing and for recognizing technical anomalies to deliver appropriate care for the patient.

The TV's vanishing act: Radical new display and content-delivery technologies will doom the television set

Since the 1950s, when television displaced radio as the major form of home entertainment, the TV set has ruled the consumer-electronics world. Its look has changed–from a tiny, round porthole in a sturdy, wood-grained cabinet to today's impossibly thin screen balancing on a sculpted stand or hanging on the wall. But through its various incarnations, it has been this box of electronics–tuner/demodulator, video-processing boards, audio hardware–fronted by a glowing display that has determined the design of homes and the placement of furniture and, in general, dominated people's entertainment lives. ¶ There have been many technical skirmishes along the way. Flat-screen technologies displaced the cathode-ray tube, then warred with each other, the LED-backlit LCD emerging dominant (for now). In the 1980s, you probably took the antenna off your roof and plugged your TV into a cable box, and later you might have even bought something called a smart TV and started using it to watch Internet video along with broadcast shows. But there is still something in your house that you recognize as a television, even though it's vastly flatter, lighter, and wider than the thing on which you watched cartoons as a child. ¶ That comfortable familiarity is about to end. First of all, the tuner–which converts RF signals into audio and video and, essentially, makes a TV a TV– is getting pushed out, along with nearly all the other electronics in the box you call a TV today. And the screen itself, thanks to new display technologies, is about to disappear, at least when it's not in use.

Constantine viaduct: a new landmark for the city of bridges

The core part of the Constantine viaduct is a 756 m long cable-stayed bridge currently under construction in Constantine, Algeria. Due to its slender appearance, clear visual lines and prominent location, it will be another landmark structure for a city already known for its historic and beautiful bridges. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the cable-stayed bridge with its 259 m main span, central pylons, central cable plane and post-tensioned concrete box girder with internal and external tendons. The architectural form is characterised by extensive use of curved structural elements. The design considerations associated with placing an aesthetically pleasing major bridge in the centre of an old city with many restrictions to alignment and consequently complex geometry are addressed. The paper outlines key structural elements and selected details such as the anchorage blocks for the stay cables in the bridge girder and the monolithic connection between the pylon and the deck. It also reports on the construction methodology and control.

Preemptive Arc Fault Detection Techniques in Switchgear—Part III: From the Laboratory to Practical Installation

The major types of slowly developing faults, which can lead to arc faults in switchgear and controlgear, such as partial discharge, arcing, and heating due to poor connections, can now be successfully detected and monitored. In parts I and II of this paper series, a detailed review of the immediate causes of arc faults, along with an overview of preignition and postignition methods for its mitigation, was presented. Various hybrid nonintrusive sensors were developed in the laboratory to implement preignition detection techniques. The major types of slowly developing electrical faults were created in the laboratory, and the sensors were employed to evaluate their performance along with an effective signal processing technique. Part III of the work is based on the successful performance of the sensors outside of laboratory conditions. Hybrid sensors have been installed in a real-world application, i.e., switchgear located in substations. This paper presents interesting results about this practical application and includes valuable discussion on the performance evaluation of different sensors, which further justifies the usefulness of the new sensors for online condition monitoring of switchgear, controlgear, and cable termination boxes. The implementation of this technology in industry may provide promising results in avoiding major accidents such as arc-flash in the switchgear and controlgear.

Technologies of Junction Box for Seafloor Observation Network

By using submarine cable and junction box to wire the science instruments deployed on the seafloor or in the water column into a network and combining with the terrestrial Internet and power gird to form the seafloor observation network that enables long-term, continual, real-time and in-situ ocean observing has become an important platform for ocean science research. The key technologies for designing junction box are studied and presented, including power transmission and conversion; high bandwidth communication and precise timing; power fault detection and isolation; and sealing and construction design. Based on the studied technologies, some prototypes of the junction box are built. Tests like water tank and high pressure simulative tests, shallow sea operation trial, and deep sea operation trial are carried out successfully and validated the relative technologies: Power distribution and management method based on DC power conversion can be applied on seafloor observation network; point to point communication on trunk cable via optical fibers and multi-stage tree communication structure could satisfy its requirement; detecting and isolating over-voltage, over-current and ground faults on individual port can enhance the reliability of the system; and modularized design and detachable structure could lower the cost and make it maintainable.

Pearl River Huangpu Southern Channel Bridge, China

The Pearl River Huangpu Southern Channel Bridge is a steel box girder suspension bridge with a main span of 1108 m. This paper presents the final design, global static and dynamic analysis, and construction of the southern channel bridge, including the anchorage foundation and block, pylon foundation and shaft, main cable, cable band, main cable saddle, splay saddle and steel box girder. The design loads and safety factors of the main cable in Chinese codes are compared with those in Eurocodes.

From a University Press: Opening Pandora's (Cable) Box

From a University Press: Opening Pandora's (Cable) Box

Study on Technical Parameters for 220/20kV SF<sub>6</sub> Gas Insulated Transformers

Considering the requirement of Shenzhen power grid development, this paper investigates the parameters selection for 220/20kV gas insulation transformer, including capacity, short circuit impedance, cooling mode, insulation level, over-load capability, temperature rise tolerance, loss , noise level and bushing selection. For different capacity value, the investment and loss concerning substation, 220kV grid and 20kV grid are analyzed and compared, by which the final capacity value is determined. The short circuit current level, transformer loss, manufacturing capability and investment is investigated to determine the short circuit impedance for the gas insulation transformer. The characteristic and application condition of gas cooling as well as liquid cooling mode is studied and the cooling mode for the gas insulation transformer is determined. The insulation level, overload capability and temperature rise tolerance are determined by considering related standards and the requirement of Shenzhen. The loss and noise level for the gas insulation transformer is determined by considering related standard and parameters of the domestic gas insulation transformers in operation. The gas-gas bushing is used to connect cable box and the transformer.

On-line PD detection and localization in cross-bonded HV cable systems

This paper addresses the detection and localization of partial discharge (PD) in crossbonded (CB) high voltage (HV) cables. A great deal has been published in recent years on PD based cable insulation condition monitoring, diagnostics and localization in medium voltage (MV) and high voltage (HV) cables. The topic of pulse propagation and PD source localization in CB HV cable systems has yet to be significantly investigated. The main challenge to PD monitoring of CB HV cables is as a result of the interconnectedness of the sheaths of the three single phase cables. The cross-bonding of the sheaths makes it difficult to localize which of the three phases a PD signal has emanated from. Co-axial cables are used to connect cable sheaths to cable link boxes, for ease of installation and protection against moisture. A second challenge is, therefore, the coupling effect when a PD pulse propagates in HV cable joints and the co-axial cables, making PD detection and localization more complex. The paper presents experimental investigations into PD pulse coupling between the cable center conductor and the sheath and the behavior of PD pulse propagation in CB HV cables. It proposes a model to describe PD pulse propagation in a CB HV cable system to allow monitoring and localization, and also presents the knowledge rules required for PD localization in CB HV cable systems.

TV Audience Measurement with Big Data

TV audience measurement involves estimating the number of viewers tuned into a TV show at any given time as well as their demographics. First introduced shortly after commercial television broadcasting began in the late 1940s, audience measurement allowed the business of television to flourish by offering networks a way to quantify the monetary value of TV audiences for advertisers, who pay for the estimated number of eyeballs watching during commercials. The first measurement techniques suffered from multiple limitations because reliable, large-scale data were costly to acquire. Yet despite these limitations, measurement standards remained largely unchanged for decades until devices such as cable boxes, video-on-demand boxes, and cell phones, as well as web apps, Internet browser clicks, web queries, and social media activity, resulted in an explosion of digitally available data. TV viewers now leave digital traces that can be used to track almost every aspect of their daily lives, allowing the potential for large-scale aggregation across data sources for individual users and groups and enabling the tracking of more people on more dimensions for more shows. Data are now more comprehensive, available in real time, and cheaper to acquire, enabling accurate and fine-grained TV audience measurement. In this article, I discuss the evolution of audience measurement and what the recent data explosion means for the TV industry and academic research.

HTS DC Transmission Line for Megalopolis Grid Development

Using of HTS AC and DC cables in electric power grids allows increasing of the transferred power, losses diminishing, decreasing of exclusion zone areas, the enhancement of the environmental conditions and fire/explosion safety of electric power systems. However, the use of DC superconducting cable lines together with converters brings additional advantages as reduction of losses in cables and suitable lowering of refrigerating plant capacity, as well as the realization of the function of short-circuit currents limitation by means of the appropriate setting of converter equipment. Russian Federal Grid Company and its R&D Center started the construction of the DC HTS power transmission line which includes the cable itself, cryogenic equipment, AC/DC converters, terminals and cable coupling boxes. This line will connect two substations in Saint-Petersburg – 330 kV "Centralnaya" and 220 kV "RP-9". The length of this HTS transmission line will be about 2500 meters. Nowadays are developed all the elements of the line and technologies of the cable manufacturing. Two HTS cable samples, each 30 m length, have been made. This paper describes the results of cables tests.

The surface discharge and breakdown characteristics of HTS DC cable and stop joint box

A high temperature superconducting (HTS) DC cable system consists of a HTS cable and cable joint. The HTS DC cable should be electrically connected in joint boxes because of the unit length of HTS cable is limited to several-hundred meters. In particular, the stop joint box (SJB) must be developed for a compact cooling system. Polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) and epoxy maybe used as insulating materials for HTS DC cable and SJB. To develop a HTS DC cable, it is necessary to develop the cryogenic insulation technology, materials and the joint methods. In this paper, we will mainly discuss on the DC and impulse characteristics of epoxy and PPLP in liquid nitrogen (LN2). The surface discharge characteristics of epoxy included fillers, PPLP and epoxy with PPLP composite (epoxy+PPLP) were measured under 0.4MPa. Also, the PPLP-insulated mini-model cable was fabricated and then DC, impulse and DC polarity reversal breakdown strength of mini-model cable under 0.4MPa were investigated.

Diagnostic Criteria of Oil-Filled Cable Joint Boxes based on Linear Support Kernel Machines

Japanese electric power companies widely use the gas-in-oil based diagnostic criterion, which was developed in 1999, for determining the anomaly ranking of intermediate joint boxes of single-core cables during the maintenance of oil-filled cable joint boxes. However, it can determine neither the fault location nor aid in the diagnosis of terminal joint boxes. In addition, several joint boxes that are determined as normal using this criterion have recently been found to be anomalous in the overhaul. In this paper, we propose a new relatively accurate diagnostic criterion that covers both the intermediate and terminal joint boxes and aids in determining the anomaly ranking and fault location using the multiclass ν-linear support kernel machine (SKM), which we propose as an extension of the linear support vector machine (SVM). The proposed multiclass ν-linear SKM automatically scales data to maximize the performance of the linear SVM and obtains simpler linear evaluation functions. Furthermore, it is formulated as a linear programming problem, whereas general SKMs are formulated as semi-definite programming problems that are difficult to solve. The accuracy of our proposed linear criterion, which was estimated using 5 fold cross-validation, was approximately 75% which was almost comparable to 76% by the one-against-one non-linear RBF-support vector machine.

Distribution Is Queen: LGBTQ Media on Demand

Distribution Is Queen: LGBTQ Media on Demand Candace Moore (bio) The research analyst who assured the Economist in 2009 that “people would sooner unplug their refrigerators than their cable boxes” may be eating his words.1 Perhaps he’d now muse that folks would rather sacrifice toilet paper than broadband. In “My Life as a Television Throwback,” Taffy Brodesser-Akner describes her cobbled-together viewing habits after her husband was laid off. Her family canceled cable and watched TV online through the usual streaming suspects, but also via digital antennae, forcing an encounter with “slow” TV—programs as scheduled during the week, interstitials and all.2 While my personal battle with AT&T to maintain cable service after a windstorm rages on after visits from six technicians, none of whom could climb a telephone pole, most of my friends have pulled the plug on cable and satellite. My dirtiest professional secret? I’m finding myself increasingly jealous of their lower monthly bills. And I write and teach about TV! But I am also anxious about what new online consumption patterns mean for the production and distribution of feminist and LGBTQ media. Now that video streaming represents a quarter of total Internet usage, mainstream television and film distributors are struggling to create pay-per-view, commercial-sponsored, and subscription online formats enticing enough that viewers stop downloading pirated media for free. Unfortunately, distributors for independent, alternative, and niche media are also suffering a siphoning off of their profits—and these companies often barely break even on festival favorites that don’t otherwise garner consumer interest. A clear consequence of rapidly shifting consumption practices for the vitality of alternative media is that to ensure profit, work that reproduces popular Hollywood narratives and aesthetics tends to get picked up over more experimental fare, even by companies that have previously taken chances with riskier material. In what follows, I examine the digital strategies and harnessing of consensual fan labor that queer distributors, in particular, employ to stave off their own economic collapse. I turn to two of [End Page 137] the largest LGBTQ film and television distributors, Wolfe Video and the Logo network, respectively, as case studies. As I detail, Wolfe’s e-commerce business model incorporates “hiring” consumers as online subcontractors, partnering with digital video distributors, and maximizing content-sharing sites like Pinterest to socially distribute its films. The basic cable channel Logo uses mobile social media applications, such as Foursquare, and mines user data across access devices to create individualized media experiences for television fans. These practices reflect some of the seismic shifts in the structure of for-profit media distribution over the past decade—moves toward providing media content for the consumer on demand and across multiple platforms. Given consumers’ new strategies for avoiding costly subscriptions, cable providers are retrenching, offering bundled deals, expanding video-on-demand (VOD) services for the customers they’ve kept, and developing online and mobile VOD sites that resemble HBO GO’s successful format. Apparently concerned that maybe “content is king” after all, multisystem operator Comcast even purchased the media conglomerate NBC Universal, first buying a controlling stake in 2011, followed by the whole company in 2013.3 Since the downturn of the economy, the film industry has experienced its own share of initial bed-wetting, given lower box-office and home entertainment sales.4 There’s also no money in local video-rental chains, unless you’re talking about those little red boxes outside of drugstores. Rental giant Hollywood Video closed its doors and Blockbuster declared bankruptcy.5 Initial estimates that viewers would buy nearly a billion more movies through legal online sources than on Blu-ray or DVD in 2012 ended up being inflated;6 but while 2012 didn’t quite mark the first year that Internet media viewing profits exceeded hard-copy revenue, online sales will inevitably beat out traditional delivery and home entertainment formats. While both large and small media distributors experiment with pay-to-watch online delivery systems, consumers’ insecurity in the new economy, married with changes in streaming technology and file sharing, invites forms of consumption off the corporate grid. In 2011, Maria Pallante, the US register of copyrights, shouted...

Analysis of a New Ventilation Flow Filed of Ultraviolet Cross-Linking Irradiation Box

In order to improve the cooling effect of cable ultraviolet cross-linking irradiation box, the structure of spreader plate, reflector and outlet were improved. Then the 3D solid model of the irradiation box was established and the numerical simulation of turbulent flow field was performed due to the principle of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). On this basis, the flow fields characteristics inside the irradiation box of original and improve programs were analyzed. The results showed that volume air flow of the new program increased by 36.6% and air velocity around the mercury lamp and XLPE cable surface was increased, so the better cooling effect can be achieved in the new program.

Technology and Tooling to Manufacture Low-Ohm <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(< 2\ \hbox{n}\Omega)$ </tex></formula> Electrical Joints of the ITER PF1 Coil

According to the technical specification for the PF1 coil, niobium-titanium “cable-in-conduit” conductors are to be connected into a single electric circuit using low-ohm electrical joints. The joint design is proposed by the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Organization. It is required to develop special equipment and technology for the removal of a stainless steel (SS) jacket from a superconducting cable and for the connection of the cable with a resistance of less than 2 nΩ in the range of operating temperatures and magnetic fields. The main features of the technology are the following. 1) Explosion welding is used to make bimetal plates of SS and copper with a thickness up to 15 mm. 2) Computer numerical control machines are used for termination box manufacturing. 3) A portable milling machine is used to remove the SS jacket without damages of the PF1 conductor cable. 4) A specially made machine compacts cable strands around an SS tube. 5) Using moveable sandblasting equipment, it is possible to carry out abrasive treatment of the cable to remove nickel coating from the strands without damages. 6) A special technique is used for electrolytic tinning of cable and termination box surfaces without an electroplating bath. These techniques and equipment are used for manufacturing of several mockups, including a full-scale mockup. The results of the first tests are mentioned in this paper.

Evaluation of DC electric field distribution of PPLP specimen based on the measurement of electrical conductivity in LN2

High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable has been paid much attention due to its high efficiency and high current transportation capability, and it is also regarded as eco-friendly power cable for the next generation. Especially for DC HTS cable, it has more sustainable and stable properties compared to AC HTS cable due to the absence of AC loss in DC HTS cable. Recently, DC HTS cable has been investigated competitively all over the world, and one of the key components of DC HTS cable to be developed is a cable joint box considering HVDC environment. In order to achieve the optimum insulation design of the joint box, analysis of DC electric field distribution of the joint box is a fundamental process to develop DC HTS cable. Generally, AC electric field distribution depends on relative permittivity of dielectric materials but in case of DC, electrical conductivity of dielectric material is a dominant factor which determines electric field distribution. In this study, in order to evaluate DC electric field characteristics of the joint box for DC HTS cable, polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) specimen has been prepared and its DC electric field distribution was analyzed based on the measurement of electrical conductivity of PPLP in liquid nitrogen (LN2). Electrical conductivity of PPLP in LN2has not been reported yet but it should be measured for DC electric field analysis. The experimental works for measuring electrical conductivity of PPLP in LN2 were presented in this paper. Based on the experimental works, DC electric field distribution of PPLP specimen was fully analyzed considering the steady state and the transient state of DC. Consequently, it was possible to determine the electric field distribution characteristics considering different DC applying stages including DC switching on, DC switching off and polarity reversal conditions.

Finite Element Analysis on Incremental Launching Construction for Steel Box Girder

For steel box girder of cable-stayed bridge, which using incremental launching method, during the launching process, structural system and boundary conditions were changing, structure mechanical behaviors were complex. It was necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis on internal force and deformation of the whole structure during the launching process. Took a cable-stayed bridge with single tower, double cable planes and steel box girder in China as an example; finite element software MIDAS Civil 2010 was used to establish a model for steel box girder, simulation analysis of the entire incremental launching process was carried out. Variation rules and envelopes of the internal force, stress, deformation and support reaction were obtained. The result showed that: the maximum value of positive bending moment after launching complete was 60% of the maximum value of positive bending moment during the launching process. The maximum value of negative bending moment after launching complete was 78% of the maximum value of negative bending moment during the launching process.