Business Plan Research Articles

Exploring the Antecedents of Business Strategies in Bancassurance Sector of Pakistan

The urgent need to comprehend the variables influencing strategic decision-making in this industry is addressed by this study. Through an exploration of the complex interactions between several internal and external factors, this study seeks to evaluate the fundamental factors that impact strategic decisions in the life insurance industry. This research's rationale stems from the realization that effective business plans are a result of organizational capacity and strategic foresight in addition to market circumstances. Comprehending these precursors is of paramount importance for scholars and professionals in the sector alike, as it can furnish invaluable discernments into the ways in which Bancassurance enterprises can more adeptly maneuver the intricate commercial landscape. The research is qualitative in nature. Thematic analysis have been applied as a tool to analyze the transcribe data obtained through interviews. The themes obtained through interviews are Business productivity through distribution network, Efficiency in business communication protocols, Enhancement in bank’s consumer market share, Increase of capital adequacy value of bank’s market share, Reshaping Bancassurance partners business strategy in consumer market Banks can effectively diversify their product and service offerings, thereby increasing revenue streams, optimizing resource use, and perhaps strengthening their market positions, by working together with Bancassurance.

MODERN ASPECTS OF BUSINESS PLANNING OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING COMPANIES FOLLOWING THE REQUIREMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL QUALITY STANDARDS

The article investigates the current problems of bringing new products to the market by enterprises engaged in the production of medical devices. The main factors of restrictions are identified as regulatory changes related to the need to comply with international quality standards in the integration conditions of medical device manufacturers. The essence and requirements of the international standard ISO 13485 for the design and development of new products are analyzed. The author clarifies the differentiation between the need for manufacturing companies to comply with the requirements of this standard and the consideration of the most important factors for drawing up thorough business planning as the main tool for determining the company’s strategic goals and ensuring its stable and efficient operation. The article presents the essence of business planning in the system of strategic management of a company and defines it as a systematic process of making effective management decisions by allocating resources and choosing the best course of action from alternative options, aimed at assessing the feasibility of the chosen direction of the company’s development, as well as formalizing the decision-making process for project implementation. It is proved that the optimal tool for evaluating the most effective projects is carried out using investment analysis tools. The methods for evaluating investment business projects are outlined: methods based on discounted estimates and methods based on accounting estimates. The main aspects of investment analysis are defined: functions, evaluation tools, and factors of influence. The project cycle of strategic business planning of the company’s activities is presented. The analysis of the attractiveness of the business idea and the analysis of the business plan as a whole are defined as the main components of the expert analysis of the business plan before its implementation. In particular, the author identifies the criteria for express assessment of the prospects and feasibility of a business idea and the main parameters for assessing a marketing plan and marketing strategy, technological analysis, analysis of an organizational plan, and financial and economic analysis for business planning. Special attention is paid to the analysis of project risks. In particular, the classification of project risks is presented, the expediency of applying the Markowitz portfolio theory to form a campaign investment portfolio for optimal asset selection based on the required return/risk ratio is substantiated. The experience of applying business planning standards by leading international and national institutions in the field of investment and business consulting, such as UNIDO, TACIS and the EBRD, is reviewed and systematized. The use of automated analytical tools Wrike, Microsoft Project and Microsoft Dynamics 365 is proposed for making decisions on strategic business planning tasks. It is established that the introduction of activities related to the use of modern methods and automated programs for business planning and project management, the creation of a system of staff motivation during business planning and implementation can bring medical device companies to a qualitatively new level for successful integration into the Global System of Medical Devices Manufacturers.

Analysis of bank “X” business plan: Assessment of process appropriateness and evaluation of manager motivation

The bank business plan is a short and medium term bank strategic planning tool that must be prepared by the bank annually. The bank business plan functions not only as a company strategic planning tool for internal purposes, but also as a compliance report to relevant government agencies. With these two different functions, managers have the task of ensuring that the information in the bank business plan meets government compliance and does not reduce the company’s superiority in the banking industry. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the accuracy and suitability of the process in preparing the bank business plan and analyze the motivation for disclosing information in the bank business plan. This research is a pioneering study that evaluates the process of preparing a bank business plan from the perspective of the bank business plan as a strategic planning tool and relates it with an analysis of motivation to disclose information using the perspective of the bank business plan as a regulatory compliance tool. This research uses a case study method with Bank “X” as the unit of analysis. The results of this research indicate that the business plan preparation process at Bank “X” has met 80% of the appropriateness criteria for the strategic plan process. Meanwhile, the motivation to disclose information in Bank “X”’s business plan tends to indicate a signal of intent. This research also reveals several things that can improve the process of preparing a bank business plan and its benefits for Bank “X”.

Evaluation of Planning and Strategic Management at Social Organization for Business Sustainability

AbstractThis research analyzes the evaluation of programs and strategic management planning of social organizations. A qualitative approach is used as part of photographing the state and potential of the organization for the greatest achievement as an educational organization with the best reputation. The process of collecting data by interview. The results showed that the Good to Great theoretical framework can be used as a tool for measuring or evaluating programs and strategic management of organizations by identifying various strengths and weaknesses that become spaces for organizational improvement, based on each characteristic of the principles studied. Research proves that the Discipline of People, Discipline of Ideas, and Discipline of Action in the framework of Good to Great theory can be applied and relevant as an evaluation framework in the context of a social organization in Indonesia. These three aspects show a sustainable business with superior programs according to organizational values. Keywords:Business Sustainability, Business Planning, Strategic Management, Social Organization

Application of Management Aspects in Business in Beef Cattle Group

Community service was conducted at the Balai Gadang Sapan livestock group in the Rambatan sub-district, Tanah Datar district. This group's businesses are beef cattle breeding and organic fertilizer processing. The problem with group businesses is that management and business knowledge still need to be higher. Group members still need help to apply management and business principles in managing the business. This community engagement aims to develop the Balai Gadang Sapan group business by increasing the performance and productivity of the beef cattle breeding and organic fertilizer processing business (UPPO) through implementing management aspects in the group business. The methods for carrying out activities were lectures, discussions, mentoring, and demonstrations. The stage carried out in implementing those four methods was the preparation stage, namely preparing material related to completing the solution in the form of PowerPoint, modules, banners, and leaflets. At the implementation stage, modules were distributed to participants, and the material was later. The evaluation stage involved participants filling out a prepared questionnaire. This evaluation was carried out to determine the group's ability to implement management aspects. The results of this activity were five essential aspects that must be applied in group management: making plans consisting of learning and business planning, organizing, and carrying out activities, evaluating business activities, and cadre of management. The group's ability to apply management aspects can be improved at the intermediate and primary levels.

Features of risk management in the enterprise under the conditions of martial law state

The paper is devoted to the strategic direction of risk management to improve the efficiency of the enterprise in wartime. Justification of the peculiarities of the formation and improvement of risk management at the enterprise in the conditions of martial law. The main aspects of risk management according to Strategy Execution are presented. The key principles of risk management optimization are considered, including features of strategy development, integration into business processes, improvement of management functions and control processes. In particular, the importance of introducing risk management into the main phases of business planning of an enterprise is presented. It has been proven that effective risk management in modern business is of great importance, especially for ensuring the success of the organization in a competitive environment. One of the key advantages of such management is the preservation of the company's reputation, by preventing possible incidents that may negatively affect the reputation, the organization protects its name and, accordingly, maintains the trust of consumers and partners. The main aspects and general approach to risk-oriented management in the economic security of the enterprise are presented. It has been proven that instability in the labor market and loss of confidence in the internal economic environment in the market can lead to a reduction in investment and lack of development of new sectors of the economy. It is justified that in order to improve the effective operation of the enterprise in the management system, it is recommended to carry out strategic direction of risk management based on such principles as: strategy development; integration of risk management into business processes; improvement of management functions; improvement of control processes and measures; Measures that will help enterprises reduce costs, increase risk coverage and ensure sustainable development are considered.

Rental Clothing site (THE BORROW TREND)

Abstract – This research paper investigates the emerging trend of clothing rental websites, examining their impact on the fashion industry, consumer behavior, and environmental sustainability. The study aims to provide a thorough literature review, propose a conceptual model for clothing rental platforms, and offer insights into the future of this innovative business model. The creation of a business model that addresses the need for affordable clothing options, particularly for special occasions like weddings. The project aims to offer a solution for individuals from lower and middle-class backgrounds who find it challenging to purchase expensive attire for events due to high costs and limited utility. By introducing a rental clothing service called “Rent Attire,” the project targets a wide audience, including lower, middle, and upper classes, with a focus on providing various styles of clothing for different occasions. The long-term goal is to become a leader in the rental clothing industry, expanding services to include event organization like weddings. Marketing strategies involve advertising in magazines, social media, and television, along with offering discounts to attract and retain customers. The project emphasizes customer satisfaction, with plans to open stalls in universities and expo centers to reach a broader market. The business model includes physical stores for order placement and rental charges based on the completion of orders. Overall, the project aims to fill a market gap by providing affordable and stylish clothing options for various customer segments, with a focus on convenience and customer service. Keywords – Rental clothing-business model,Fashion business plan, Marketing analysis, Customer need, Managing customers, Search engine optimization (SEO), Custom HTML page templates.

Challenges of the new Fiocruz Biodiversity and Health Biobank for preparedness and response to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), a Brazilian federal research institution supported by the Brazilian Health Ministry, established a biobank. This biobank began by preserving the SARS-CoV-2 virus and human biological material related to COVID-19. This innovative initiative combined human and biodiversity materials within a single infrastructure. Designed for supporting research, development, and innovation in healthcare and preparedness and response to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the biobank’s focus has since expanded to include various biological materials, leading to its renaming as the Biodiversity and Health Biobank - Fiocruz-BBS (Portuguese: Biobanco da Biodiversidade e Saúde da Fiocruz – BBS-Fiocruz). This paper outlines the challenges of creating and maintaining an adequate infrastructure in a developing country for promoting and supporting scientific research and biotechnological innovation activities in health through processes of depositing, characterizing, preserving, and supplying human and biodiversity biological materials, alongside associated data, while complying with prevailing legal and ethical rules. These processes adhere to stringent quality, biosafety, and biosecurity standards set forth in ISO 20387:2018. Additionally, the challenges of ensuring the Biobank’s long-term sustainability is discussed. This involves a) establishing benchmarks and best practices, b) developing a comprehensive business plan, c) forging partnerships, d) diversifying funding sources, e) ensuring ethical and legal compliance, f) implementing rigorous quality control procedures, and g) investing in human resources and infrastructure. The insights shared in this paper will benefit other biobanks engaged in services related to tropical infectious diseases.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE SCIENTIFIC EDITION “RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY”

Background. Russian scientific journals joined the international market of scientific publications quite late, which actualises the development of a strategy for entering this market and complicates the realisation of the strategy as such in the environment of tough competition on the part of experienced and stable players thereof. Purpose. The purpose is to elaborate a strategy for the development of the “Russian Journal of Education and Psychology” for its introduction to the international market. Materials and methods. The research sources are represented by statutory acts, statistical materials and results of the author’s empirical research. The research is based on the systemic approach; the strategy of the journal is based on the ideas of the positioning school; the main method of business planning is economic analysis. Results. The growth of competition in the domestic market, along with the gradual approximation of the Russian scientific journals evaluation system to the global practice and the universal quality criteria, proved to be the conditions inspiring the change in the strategy of the scientific edition “Russian Journal of Education and Psychology”. The detailed analysis of the internal and external environment of the journal made it possible to form a self-contained range of strategic alternatives among which the entry to the international market was the most appropriate way to meet the objectives of the publishing house and the interests of the proprietor (who is also the project customer). Securing the journal’s work in accordance with the requirements of the international scientometric databases, for its inclusion in the Scopus and (or) Web of Science, became a new strategic goal of the journal. The new goal changed the concept and mission of the journal with regard to the customer’s wish to preserve the edition’s traditional values. Changes in marketing and peer reviewing were identified as the main transformation areas for which new functional strategies were developed. The overall project plan envisages the solution of other targets as well, but it is the tasks connected with the journal distribution and the change in the work of the editorial board and in the business aspects of reviewing that became extremely significant in terms of their timing and involved financial costs. The project team comprising current employees is supposed to cope with possible risks with respect to project completion time, while the financial resources of the publishing house will allow it to overcome the financial risks of the project without any assistance. Even in case of failure to achieve the strategic goal, due to its high risk, the journal’s key performance indicators will be improved through the increased share of high-quality articles; by optimising and tightening the review process, active promotion of the journal in the national and foreign markets; by attracting a numerous audience (authors, readers) and expanding the number and diversity of stakeholders.

Entrepreneurship Teaching : Design and Activities of 21st Century Learning for Economic Class under Mini-Project (Participatory-Phenomenological Design)

This study aims to explain the process of teaching entrepreneurship education courses in economics classes under a detailed mini-project. This research used Participatory action research (PAR) under qualitative approach. The sample size was only taken purposefully from one semester's three economics classes. This research used observation sheets in the form of learning activities and interviews. All data collected were analyzed descriptively with the step of reducing, displaying and drawing conclusion. The research results showed the effectiveness of a bidirectional teaching model in entrepreneurship education. This model, which combines theoretical instruction with practical application, significantly enhances student engagement and learning outcomes. The bidirectional approach allows students to relate theoretical concepts to real-world examples, fostering a deeper understanding and active participation. An essential element of this teaching model is the inclusion of mini-projects. These projects enable students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios, such as developing business plans and analyzing recruitment strategies. The hands-on experience gained through mini-projects not only solidifies students' grasp of the material but also hones their problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. The study's findings underscore the superiority of the bidirectional teaching model over traditional methods. The experimental class, which utilized this approach, showed a 93% success rate in meeting various evaluation criteria, compared to just 30% in the control class. This stark contrast highlights the importance of integrating mini-projects and practical activities into the curriculum to enhance educational outcomes. The bidirectional teaching model, complemented by mini-projects, proves to be a highly effective approach in entrepreneurship education. It not only engages students more deeply but also equips them with practical skills and knowledge that are essential for their future careers.

Khalti: a digital wallet in Nepal

Learning outcomes After completion of the case study, the students will be able to understand competitive business and corporate strategies; understand various standard models and frameworks related to business and corporate strategy development such as Porter’s five forces model, Ansoff matrix, three value disciplines frameworks, scenario planning matrix and value chain analysis; and practice competitive strategy formulation using the latest analyzing tools/frameworks/models. Case overview/synopsis Although the digital wallet industry in Nepal was in its initial stage, it was growing rapidly. A digital wallet brand – Khalti, launched in 2017, could secure the second position in the industry within two years of establishment. In recent times, the leading digital wallet brand was eSewa which was developed by Kathmandu-based company – F1Soft International in 2009. Khalti team was better for creativity, risk-bearing capability, intact bond among co-founders, innovative skills and aggressive growth. Mr Amit Agrawal, the chief executive officer of Sparrow Pay Pvt. Ltd, was preparing to formulate some strategies for his company’s product, Khalti, on March 24, 2020. The next day, he was going to present his ideas about the future directions of Khalti with the co-founders of Janaki Technology, the parent company of Sparrow Pay Ltd. Therefore, his major agenda was how to design effective strategies to make Khalti more competitive against eSewa and probably lead the industry. Based on such a scenario, this case study deals with various competitive business and corporate strategies such as marketing, product and cost differentiation that Khalti could formulate to maintain its position and further become a leading firm in the industry. Complexity academic level This case study is suitable for business training programs at the master’s level, including Master of Business Administration and executive education. It is also appropriate for undergraduate students, particularly those who want to understand more about competitive business, strategic management and corporate strategy in developing economies. It is especially useful for students who have taken courses in strategic management, corporate strategy, marketing management and business expansion management. This case study is suitable for provoking skills of students such as critical and creative thinking, risk analysis and business planning. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy

Improving quality and patient safety in surgical care through standardisation and harmonisation of perioperative care (SAFEST project): A research protocol for a mixed methods study.

Adverse events in health care affect 8% to 12% of patients admitted to hospitals in the European Union (EU), with surgical adverse events being the most common types reported. SAFEST project aims to enhance perioperative care quality and patient safety by establishing and implementing widely supported evidence-based perioperative patient safety practices to reduce surgical adverse events. We will conduct a mixed-methods hybrid type III implementation study supporting the development and adoption of evidence-based practices through a Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative (QILC) in co-creation with stakeholders. The project will be conducted in 10 hospitals and related healthcare facilities of 5 European countries. We will assess the level of adherence to the standardised practices, as well as surgical complications incidence, patient-reported outcomes, contextual factors influencing the implementation of the patient safety practices, and sustainability. The project will consist of six components: 1) Development of patient safety standardised practices in perioperative care; 2) Guided self-evaluation of the standardised practices; 3) Identification of priorities and actions plans; 4) Implementation of a QILC strategy; 5) Evaluation of the strategy effectiveness; 6) Patient empowerment for patient safety. Sustainability of the project will be ensured by systematic assessment of sustainability factors and business plans. Towards the end of the project, a call for participation will be launched to allow other hospitals to conduct the self-evaluation of the standardized practices. The SAFEST project will promote patient safety standardized practices in the continuum of care for adult patients undergoing surgery. This project will result in a broad implementation of evidence-based practices for perioperative care, spanning from the care provided before hospital admission to post-operative recovery at home or outpatient facilities. Different implementation challenges will be faced in the application of the evidence-based practices, which will be mitigated by developing context-specific implementation strategies. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and will be available in an online platform.

PENGENALAN MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP) UNTUK PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI DI USAHA PEMPEK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA

This research aims to introduce and analyze the implementation of Material Requirement Planning (MRP) in household-scale pempek businesses in RT 22, SAKO District, Palembang, which is also the result of community service activities. Pempek businesses are common businesses that are widely available in Palembang, and many of them are managed traditionally without an efficient inventory management system. This often causes problems such as excess or shortage of raw materials, which has an impact on smooth production, supply chain management systems and product quality. By adopting MRP, it is hoped that household-scale pempek businesses can optimize the use of raw materials, reduce waste and increase production efficiency. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis from several pempek businesses in RT 22 SAKO District. The research results show that implementing MRP can provide several significant benefits, including better inventory control, reduced production costs, increased product quality, and the ability to respond to market demand more quickly and precisely. However, challenges such as limited technological knowledge and the need for training were also identified as barriers to implementing MRP. In conclusion, the implementation of MRP in household- scale pempek businesses in RT 22, SAKO Palembang District shows great potential to increase efficiency and competitiveness. This research recommends training programs and technology and knowledge support for local entrepreneurs to maximize the benefits of the MRP system.

ENTREPREUNERSHIP TRAINING TO ENHANCE THE ENTERPRENEURIAL KNOWLEDGE AN SKILL OF THE DEAF COMMUNITY

Disabilities have equal rights as Indonesian citizens, including employment and entrepreneurship rights. The implementation of policies regarding the obligation of institutions to employ people with disabilities is still far from expected. Limited job information and access to education and job training programs are challenges in realizing economic independence for disabled persons. Therefore, it is very important to conduct community service activities aimed at increasing the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of the Deaf Community through entrepreneurship training in order to reach economic independence. Nine Deaf Friends and four Sign Language Interpreters were involved in this study. The training was carried out by online method for three sessions, once a week. The questionnaires were distributed to assess the participants' level of knowledge before and after training. Each participant was required to develop and present a business plan in order to improve their entrepreneurial abilities. Two expert judges evaluated and provided constructive feedback to all participants. The knowledge of participants before the training was 65.9 + 6.2, and increased by 12.4% to 74.1 + 10.8 after training. Participants were able to develop business proposals by the end of the program, with an average score of 7.6 + 0.7. Entrepreneurship training is able to enhance the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of the Deaf Friends. This entrepreneurship training is a provision to assist the deaf community in creating and developing businesses that will lead to economic independence in the future.

ANALYSIS OF TIKTOK PLATFORM UTILIZATION IN BUSINESS MARKETING

An analysis of the use of the TikTok platform in business marketing strategies shows that TikTok is a popular digital marketing platform among the public. The platform offers a wide array of interesting features and an extensive database. TikTok is also a potential place to gain profits in commerce thanks to its rising popularity. The use of TikTok can significantly change human behaviour by collecting and recording various moments to provide a comprehensive picture of an event. TikTok has evolved from an entertainment platform to a strategic tool in business planning, including through effective communication strategies to change human behaviour in a big way. With its rich features and database, TikTok has great potential as an effective business marketing platform in commerce

Implications of Large Language Models for Quality and Efficiency of Neurologic Care: Emerging Issues in Neurology.

Large language models (LLMs) are advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems that excel in recognizing and generating human-like language, possibly serving as valuable tools for neurology-related information tasks. Although LLMs have shown remarkable potential in various areas, their performance in the dynamic environment of daily clinical practice remains uncertain. This article outlines multiple limitations and challenges of using LLMs in clinical settings that need to be addressed, including limited clinical reasoning, variable reliability and accuracy, reproducibility bias, self-serving bias, sponsorship bias, and potential for exacerbating health care disparities. These challenges are further compounded by practical business considerations and infrastructure requirements, including associated costs. To overcome these hurdles and harness the potential of LLMs effectively, this article includes considerations for health care organizations, researchers, and neurologists contemplating the use of LLMs in clinical practice. It is essential for health care organizations to cultivate a culture that welcomes AI solutions and aligns them seamlessly with health care operations. Clear objectives and business plans should guide the selection of AI solutions, ensuring they meet organizational needs and budget considerations. Engaging both clinical and nonclinical stakeholders can help secure necessary resources, foster trust, and ensure the long-term sustainability of AI implementations. Testing, validation, training, and ongoing monitoring are pivotal for successful integration. For neurologists, safeguarding patient data privacy is paramount. Seeking guidance from institutional information technology resources for informed, compliant decisions, and remaining vigilant against biases in LLM outputs are essential practices in responsible and unbiased utilization of AI tools. In research, obtaining institutional review board approval is crucial when dealing with patient data, even if deidentified, to ensure ethical use. Compliance with established guidelines like SPIRIT-AI, MI-CLAIM, and CONSORT-AI is necessary to maintain consistency and mitigate biases in AI research. In summary, the integration of LLMs into clinical neurology offers immense promise while presenting formidable challenges. Awareness of these considerations is vital for harnessing the potential of AI in neurologic care effectively and enhancing patient care quality and safety. The article serves as a guide for health care organizations, researchers, and neurologists navigating this transformative landscape.

Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Desa Talang Pauh Bengkulu Tengah

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have an important role in poverty reduction. Although, there are many problems in the process of developing a business. Rural businesses have various limitations. It often based on their mindset regarding conventional business management. Open minded can be a trigger creativity and innovation. Sometimes, external encouragement is needed. MSEs empowering need collaboration of government, collage and other community. Talang Pauh is one of villages in Pondok Kelapa subdistrict of Bengkulu Tengah which has some MSEs with many limitations. The village potential based business development and market orientation according to MSEs competence. The goals of community service were to increase knowledge and insight of MSEs businesses, to motivate community to utilize their resources, to help MSEs businessman in making business plans. The method of community activities service was dialog and counseling. MSEs empowering is needed to strengthening the village economy. The first step is to increase knowledge and insight of MSEs businesses from several aspects: small business management, human resource management, marketing strategy. The second step is empowering. It can do by activities: enabling, empowering and protecting. The success of empowering is determined by participation of various parties.

Identifying Credit Accessibility Mechanisms for Conservation Agriculture Farmers in Cambodia

As the expected cost of conservation agriculture (CA) inputs becomes an issue for farmers, financial institutions (FIs) play an essential role in promoting CA, a set of agricultural management practices with multiple positive effects. This research aimed to determine influencing factors, to rank challenges, and identify mechanisms for farmers to access agricultural credit for adoption of CA management practices in Cambodia. It was administered by conducting a survey of 242 randomly selected households for face-to-face interviews and conducting key informant interviews from purposive samples of 28 participants in Battambang and Preah Vihear provinces. The results indicated that influencing factors, including the family, adult labor and total farm size, had a positive relationship with farmers’ accessibility to agricultural credit, whereas age was negative. However, education year, farm size for main crops, on-farm income and farm experience were not significantly associated. High interest rates were the significant first-order challenge ranked, followed by document process complication, limited agricultural credit information, limited collateral security and a few other challenges. Support and improved process mechanisms to enhance credit accessibility are required to engage with multiple stakeholders, including farmers, FIs, non-government organizations (NGOs) and government officers. There has been a reduction in agricultural credit interest rates and incentives for importing CA inputs by the government, while provision of information support for agribusiness plans by NGOs which have implemented development project activities were considered as the main support mechanism. An improved process mechanism at the farmers’ level needs to include access to credit with low interest rates and a straightforward documentation process, whereas the FI level requires a business plan for lending decisions. It is evident that high lending rates hinder access to agricultural credit and the improvement of support and improved process mechanisms are necessary to better promote CA practices among farmers in Cambodia.

Pengembangan Jiwa Wirausaha Lulusan Teknik Elektronika SMK N 1 Bukittinggi Melalui Pembekalan Skill Pembuatan Game dengan Unity

Introduction: The gaming industry offers substantial opportunities for individuals with the right technical and entrepreneurial skills. However, graduates from vocational schools often lack these essential skills. Objective: The purpose of this service was to enhance technical skills in game development using Unity and cultivate entrepreneurial spirit among graduates of the Electronics Engineering Department at SMK N 1 Bukittinggi. Method: This public service was conducted on April 25, 2024, via Google Meet, in collaboration with Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Universitas Jambi, and Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Indobaru Nasional. The program included sessions on the basics of game development, practical game creation using Unity, and entrepreneurship training. Forty students participated. Result: The program significantly improved participants' skills. Understanding of game development theory increased from 30% to 85%, proficiency in using Unity rose from 20% to 80%, and scripting skills in C# improved from 25% to 75%. Knowledge of entrepreneurial concepts increased from 40% to 85%, and business planning skills rose from 25% to 80%. Conclusion: The program successfully enhanced both technical and entrepreneurial skills of Electronics Engineering graduates from SMK N 1 Bukittinggi, preparing them for the creative industry and enabling them to create their own business opportunities. This integrated approach can be applied to other vocational schools to support the growth of the local creative economy.

The Operational Risk Management and Supplier Service Recovery in Improving Customer Satisfaction

Currently, many production facilities are very concerned about the sustainability of their production processes. Generally, ICS users need suppliers to maintain production facilities, especially during the operation period. Therefore, response of supplier is important to recover the critical equipment of production facilities such as ICS in Indonesia. In this study, ORM (Operational Risk Management) was chosen as one of the independent variables along with Supplier Service Recovery to create customer satisfaction who do not have a service contract with the supplier. Strategy of suppliers is needed to find good after sales service. There is a research gap in this study between the expectations of ICS users and their Satisfaction without considering long-terms relationship and long term marketing /business plan. This is conducted using a quantitative approach. Data collection method is done by providing a list of questions and sent to users maintenance managers where are located with in Indonesia. The 20 questionnaires are developed according to each variable. The 5-point Likert scale is used. The tool of analyze is using the Structural Equation Model with the WarpPLS 7.0. approach. ORM is found to mediate the relationship between supplier service recovery and customer satisfaction but supplier service recovery will not give impact to customer satisfaction directly. The ORM and Supplier Service Recovery are proven to bring satisfaction to ICS customers.