Business Development Programs Research Articles

A influência das finanças pessoais na gestão financeira de microempresas Cariocas

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das finanças pessoais do microempreendedor na gestão financeira em microempresas. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com 96 donos de microempresas localizadas no Rio de Janeiro e que possuem mais de dois anos de funcionamento sob a mesma gestão.Utilizou-se de um questionário com perguntas fechadas a fim de cumprir o objetivo, esses foram analisados por meio da associação entre as duas variáveis qualitativas, competências em finanças pessoais e capacidade de gestão financeira, a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa. O trabalho se torna relevante na medida em que as empresas de menor porte no Brasil representaram 92% do total de empresas privadas. As microempresas com mais de 2 anos constituídos, em particular, apresentam uma taxa de falência de 45% a.a., em que a educação e capacitação são consideradas como fatores limitantes à abertura e manutenção de novos negócios. Foi possível notar que existe relação entre a gestão financeira pessoal e a gestão financeira das microempresas. Muitos não separam contas pessoais das contas das empresas, não possuem capacitação profissional, muitos dos que não fazem planejamento pessoal não tem / utilizam demonstrações financeiras. Foi notado também que os proprietários com dívidas pessoais também apresentam endividamento em seu negócio e os que não possuem investimentos pessoais também acabam não possuindo investimento em suas empresas. Entender como os microempreendedores no Rio de Janeiro lidam com a questão financeira pessoal x profissional pode auxiliar no aprimoramento de programas de desenvolvimento de novos negócios em diversas regiões.

Eco-print on Recycle Paper and Fabric as Main Products of Business Development Program of Intellectual Property Campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this work is to provide seminar needs (seminar kit) as compliments of seminar or symposium held by university including Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU). Method of this activity included launching of our main products, namely eco-print both on paper and on fabric. In this work, eco-print products on recycle papers was used as exclusive block-note covers while eco-print products on fabric were used as tote-bag materials. There were two advantages of using these products, firstly: they were made of natural ingredients without chemical synthetic materials; and secondly the products were designed specifically; one product was not similar with the others. This activity involved two partners, namely a recycle-paper producer and a tailor who make tote-bag. Result on progress of this activity was an order for seminar kit through exhibition. During the evaluation of this project it was found that Nauli Apik USU, as a seminar kit’s producer, still depends on workers whom working manually and having individual skill. In the future, management of production should be improved.

The current system of state support for small business in the Tyumen region

Researchers of measures of state support and regulation of small businesses in the Tyumen region. The legal basis of the mechanism of state support for small businesses in the region is represented by documents of the Federal and regional level. The infrastructure of state support for small business in the Tyumen region includes regional authorities, as well as organizations of a commercial and non-commercial nature, whose operation is aimed at promoting the implementation of small business development programs, providing assistance to small businesses and providing conditions for their creation and development. The main measures of state support in relation to small businesses include regional investment support, the region's guarantee investment Fund, providing loans, providing subsidies, microloans, and legal support for small businesses. The authors conducted a study of the system of state support for small businesses in the Tyumen region allows us to evaluate it as a fairly balanced and diverse set of measures and forms of assistance to small businesses. However, despite this, the current system of small business support needs further improvement. In this regard, the authors propose specific measures to improve state support for small businesses, which can be directly implemented in the practice of the Tyumen region, namely: the system of rating candidates for state support from the point of view of socio-economic impact of their activities designed to reduce the level of bureaucracy; the system of obtaining insider information about activity of subjects of small business, designed to increase the efficiency of the state support; the response of the system of state registers in order to exchange regional experience of measures of state support and prevention of abuses.

Nexus between Sustainable Business Practices and the Quest for Peace

Nexus between Sustainable Business Practices and the Quest for Peace

Limited Impact of Business Development Programs on Profitability in the Presence of Ambiguity Aversion

This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain the limited effect of business development programs (BDPs) on entrepreneurs’ profits. We argue that a mismatch between a BDP’s narrow focus on business-promoting strategies and the wider context in which microentrepreneurs operate can limit the impact of business training. In our framework, entrepreneurs are ambiguity averse and have multiple sources of income (e.g., business and wage incomes). We show that for a sufficiently ambiguity-averse entrepreneur with multiple income sources, efficient training can result in a decline in expected profit. Notably, when the wider context (multiple income sources, ambiguity aversion) is considered, the business training impact is limited and can result in a posttraining expected profit decline. This limited impact is caused by the diversifying role that the business income plays in household finances.

Regional specificities of small business development in Russia

The aim of article is to research specificities of small business development across the Russian Federation regions based on the using of cluster analysis and regression models. In the first step of our study the clustering of regions according indicator of turnover on revenue per small enterprise is conducted. In the second step, the regression models on dependence the revenue turnover per small enterprise from a set of socio-economic determinants and infrastructure were constructed. The results of the study revealed four groups of regions while the most significant factors positively affect the revenue turnover per one small enterprise are average income per capita, investments in fixed assets per capita, and the total volume of construction. Among the factors negatively affecting the revenue turnover per one small enterprise are number of organizations, conducting educational pre-schooling activity, the share of unprofitable enterprises, depreciation of fixed assets and proportion of motorway with hard surface in the overall length of highways. The results of research may be used in the creation of regional small business development programs.

CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE CLASS FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA

In order to ensure irreversible development and stable social-economic conditions of a State, it should have a strong middle class, defining the country’s social and economic development targets. Considering the said, economic policy of development should be directed to the implementation of the measures supporting the formation of the healthy middle class in Georgia. Share of the population belonging to the middle class is still low in Georgia. According to the studies conducted by the World Bank, in 2014 only 7% of the population of Georgia belonged to the middle class. According to the economic- statistical study conducted in Georgia in 2018, share of the population belonging to the middle class in 2016 was 16%. The same study, with exclusion of the employment factor, shows the growth of the said share to 24,6%. Ignoring the employment – very important determinant of the middle class – naturally puts the last figure far from reality. Current income inequality and high level of poverty negatively impact formation of the middle class in the country. In order to form a middle class, Government of Georgia must overcome the problems faced by country’s entrepreneurship and society by means of the purposeful implementation of the rational policy of economic development. Achieving the said target requires: a stable political-economic environment; elaboration of the small, medium business development programs oriented on the inclusive growth, increase the scales of the currently existing program; development of the special professional training and employment programs for the population below the poverty line; promotion of economic activities based on the start of entrepreneurship, development of the start-ups, innovations and advanced technologies.

Campus Intellectual Product Business Development Program (PPUPIK): Utilization of Herbs as Phytobiotic in Broiler Chicken

The implementation of PPUPIK Organic Broiler aims at maximizing the use of agricultural and fisheries wastes in North Maluku area as feed for broiler in order to minimize the feed costs as well as utilizing herbs such as turmeric (Curcuma domestica), Java ginger (Curcuma xantharrhiza Roxb), nutmeg leaves (Myristica frangrans Houtt) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) as phytobiotic in place of antibiotic to allow the production of healthy, safe-to-consume organic broiler chickens. The extensive use of antibiotic results in residue in animal husbandry products. The resistence of pathogenic microbe in humans to antibiotic has been the main health issue in the society. Animal husbandry industry should reduce the use of antibiotic in their production animals and find another alternative in controlling diseases to replace the use of antibiotic. Herbs can be used as a phytobiotic in place of antibiotic. The activity results show that the use of agricultural and fisheries wastes as well as herbs in feed can increase the broiler chicken’s productivity and reduce production costs.

Tekstur Yoghurt Susu Kambing dengan Perbedaan Jenis Starter dan Lama Fermentasi

One of the products of the Campus Intellectual Product Business Development Program (PPUPIK) is goat milk yoghurt, yoghurt itself is a drink made from fermented milk by lactic acid bacteria which is controlled. Yoghurt texture determines the tastes of consumers. Therefore it is necessary to study the texture of yoghurt with different types of starters and length of fermentation. This is to obtain yoghurt with maximum nutritional quality and a soft, thick texture to meet consumer tastes. The process of making yoghurt with fermentation time (6, 12, 18 and 24) hours with 37�C temperature and the type of starter bacteria (Streptococcus thermophillus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and combinations), so that there were 12 treatments and repeated three times. The parameters observed by panellists are texture. The texture analysis of yoghurt was analyzed by de Garmo to find out the most appropriate treatment and much interest among panellists. Panellists favoured the de Garmo test results for 24-hour fermentation using the Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria with the highest texture product value of 2.10 (regular thick yoghurt).

Identifying the strength and weaknesses of the South African tech-based industries: Insights from the Swiss South African business development programme

Previous studies have considered the importance of technological development to economic growth, which lead to more research on policy interventions that would promote innovation and technological development. However, developing new technologies without a vehicle or mechanism to deliver the technologies to the marketplace implies that the impact of new innovations and technologies will be limited. Consequently, research that investigates the development of tech-entrepreneurs, the conduits who deliver new technologies to the market place, forms a crucial component in developing policies that link innovation to economic growth in today’s modern, knowledge-based economies. This study therefore considers the outcome of the training provided by the Swiss-South African Venture Leader Programme. By using the results from the Tech-Entrepreneurship Survey, which was administered by the authors, this study provides a review of South African tech-entrepreneurs’ views on tech-based concepts, South African tech-based industries within a global framework, as well as the tech-entrepreneurs’ reflections on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the South African tech-based sector. The latter views provide an insight for policymakers as to areas where the South African tech-based sector can be assisted.

Limited Impact of Business Development Programs on Entrepreneurs' Profitability in the Presence of Ambiguity Aversion

This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain a limited effect of business development programs (BDPs) on entrepreneurs' profit. We argue BDPs limited effect is due to mismatch between a BDPs' narrow focus on business-promoting strategies and a wider context in which microentrepreneurs operate. Entrepreneurs are ambiguity-averse and have multiple sources of income, e.g. business and wage incomes, that are correlated with each other. We show that for a sufficiently ambiguity-averse entrepreneur with multiple income sources efficient training can result in profit decline. We, further, show that both the ambiguity aversion and the multiplicity of income sources are crucial for our results. Only when the wider context (multiple income sources, ambiguity-aversion) is considered, the business-training impact is limited and can result in post-training profit decline. The limited impact is caused by the diversifying role that the business income plays in households' finances.

WORKSHOP ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING FOR STUDENTS AT SMK KARSA MULYA PALANGKA RAYA

The creative economic development in city of Palangka Raya is really needed to deal with the challenges of economic growth that is relatively constant or even low after economic crises. High levels of poverty, unemployment and low industrial competitiveness to determine the direction of creative economic development for fulfilling instructions President Number 6 year 2009 is required efforts to develop the Creative Economy Entrepreneurship in the Framework of Enhancing Creative Economic Enterprises in the city of Palangka Raya. The purpose of this ibm is to increase student interest in entrepreneurship and to improve the economy quality and standard of living in the workshop area. Through this ibm activity will be offered a solution to the problems that have been formulated above. The approach is consisting of 1) Preparation Phase, 2) Assessment Phase, 3) Stage Alternative Planning of Programs or Activities, 4) Formulation of Action Plans Phase, 5) Implementation Stage, 6) Evaluation Phase, and 7) Termination Phase. The implementation of the IBM program is indeed carried out as an effort to empower in the field of entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship training activities that focus on business development program. Implementation methods using information technology and social media that will be carried out are (1) business management plate, (2) Production training, (3) administration, and (4) mentoring. All of these methods are an integral part of this IBM program. Workshop entrepreneurship training for vocational schools (mechanical and automotive major) is important to do in preparing students to enter the workforce after completing their education.

Deep-Learning Based Automated Detection Algorithm for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chest Radiographs: Diagnostic Performance in Systematic Screening of Asymptomatic Individuals

Background: Performance of deep-learning based automated detection (DLAD) algorithms in systematic screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis is unknown. We aimed to validate DLAD algorithm for detection of active pulmonary tuberculosis and any radiologicallyidentifiable relevant abnormality on chest radiographs (CRs) in this setting. Methods: We performed out-of-sample testing of a trained DLAD algorithm, using CRs from 19,686 asymptomatic individuals (male: 19,475, female: 211; mean ± standard deviation: 21.3 ± 1.9 years) as part of systematic screening for tuberculosis between January 2013 and July 2018. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of DLAD for diagnosis of tuberculosis and any relevant abnormalities were measured. Accuracy measures including sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated at predefined operating thresholds (high sensitivity threshold, 0·16; high specificity threshold, 0·46). Findings: All five CRs with active pulmonary tuberculosis were correctly classified as having abnormal findings by DLAD with specificities of 0·959 and 0·997, PPVs of 0·006 and 0·068, and NPVs of both 1·000 at high sensitivity and high specificity thresholds, respectively. With high specificity thresholds, DLAD showed comparable diagnostic measures for tuberculosis to the pooled radiologists (P values > 0·05). For the detection of any radiologically-identifiable relevant abnormality (n=28), DLAD showed AUC value of 0·967 (95% confidence interval, 0·938-0·996) with sensitivities of 0·821 and 0·679, specificities of 0·960 and 0·997, PPVs of 0·028 and 0·257, and NPVs of both 1·000 at high sensitivity and high specificity thresholds, respectively. Interpretation: In systematic screening for tuberculosis in a lowprevalence setting, DLAD algorithm demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, comparable to the radiologists in the detection of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the Seoul Research & Business Development Program (grant number: FI170002), and Lunit Inc. provided technical supports for this study. Declaration of Interests: There is a major research agreement between Seoul National University Hospital and Lunit Inc, in which roles of researchers and Lunit Inc. were described. However, the funder and Lunit Inc. did not have any role either in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. Researchers (J.H.L., E.J.H., W.Y.L., S.L., J.R.A.) who controlled, manipulated and analyzed data, did not have any conflict of interest. Three authors (J.M.G., H.K., C.M.P.) received research grants from Lunit Inc. for outside of this study. Ethics Approval Statement: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of The Armed Forces Medical Command of Korea, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.

Understanding Manitoba’s Growing Indigenous Economy

[...]control over traditional lands allows Indigenous peoples to decide what economic endeavours are best suited to sustained success. [...]not only has infrastructure spending provided viable economic opportunities for Indigenous peoples across Manitoba, the developmental success of Indigenous economies constitutes a vital part of the larger Manitoba economy. Stemming from this is a joint effort to establish a Development Corporation that would funnel profit generated by NCN into "capital, business development, and NCN government run programs" (Ashton et al., 2019, p. 157). The Mystery Lake Hotel, Trappers Tavern, and gas station are the primary sources of revenue, supported by the training provided by NCN to community members in hospitality, management, and accounting (Ashton et al., 2019).

Heterogeneous impact dynamics of a rural business development program in Nicaragua

We study the impacts of a rural development program designed to boost the income of the small-farm sector in Nicaragua. Exploiting the random assignment of treatment, we find statistically and economically significant impacts on gross farm income and investment in productive farm capital. Using continuous treatment estimation techniques, we examine the evolution of program impacts over time and find that the estimated income increase persists and that the impacts on productive capital stock continue to rise even after the program concluded. Additionally, panel quantile methods reveal striking heterogeneity of program impacts on both income and investment. We show that this heterogeneity is not random and that there appear to exist low-performing household types who benefit little from the program, whereas high-performing (upper quantile) households benefit more substantially. Analysis using generalized random forests, a machine learning algorithm, points toward greater program impacts for households who were disadvantaged at baseline. Even after controlling for this source of heterogeneity, we find large and persistent differences in how much different types of households benefited from the program. While the benefit-cost ratio of the program is on average positive, the impact heterogeneity suggests that business development programs aiming to engage farm households as agricultural entrepreneurs have limitations as instruments to eliminate rural poverty.

Transformation and Implementation of Sharia Principles In Management of Rural Agribusiness Business Development Programs

One of the interesting things in the implementation of the Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP) in Lemberang Village is the institutional transformation of the Agribusiness Microfinance Institution (LKMA) of the Ngudi Raharjo Farmer Group (Gapoktan) to become sharia-based. In connection with this, it is interesting to study: What is the transformation process of LKMA Desa Lemberang to become a sharia-based institution? How is the implementation of sharia principles in the management of the PUAP and LKMA Syariah program in Lemberang Village?; In accordance with the formulation of the problem, the purpose of this study is to describe the two research questions. This study uses qualitative research methods, with embedded case studies or embedded case studies. The results showed that the transformation process of LKMA Desa Lemberang became a sharia-based institution with the character background of the religious Lemberang Village community, as well as the practice of agricultural activities which essentially applied sharia values, namely the maro, mertelu, and mrapat principles. The relatively loose provision of PUAP financial management allows LKMA Desa Lemberang to change its financial management system from a conventional system to a sharia system. The implementation of sharia principles in the management of the PUAP and LKMA Syariah programs in Lemberang Village uses: (1) mudharabah contract, (2) musyarokah contract, (3) murobahah contract, and (4) Ba'il Istamal Ajil contract.

Polystyrene/Ceria Core/Shell Abrasive Based Slurry for Highly Enhanced Oxide-Film Polishing Rate and Scratch-Less in Chemical-Mechanical-Planarization

The SiO2-film chemical-mechanical-polishing (CMP) is essential process for Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) and Inter Layer Dielectric (ILD) CMP. The key performance parameters are high polishing rate and scratch-less in SiO2-film CMP. In SiO2-film CMP, wet-ceria was widely used for scratch-less SiO2-film CMP. However, the wet-Ceria abrasive has crystalline sharp <100>, <100>, and <111> facet, which resulted in generating scratches on SiO2-film by stick and slip mechanism after SiO2 CMP, as shown in Fig.1. Thus the scratches induced by wet-ceria abrasives can be a major cause of poor device operation and yield drop in the memory device manufacturing. In our study, therefore, we designed a novel SiO2-film CMP slurry using the PS/ceria core/shell as an abrasive to enhance SiO2-film polishing rate and scratch-less after SiO2-film CMP. PS/ceria core/shell particles were synthesized, which are relatively soft and round by using polystyrene and ceria particles. Figure 2(a) shows the synthesis mechanism of PS/ceria core/shell, illustrating that Ce4+ ion was added in the PS of negative charge to form Ce4+ seed on the surface and grow it during 7 h with 70 ℃. The TEM image of the synthesized PS/ceria core/shell was shown in Fig. 2(b). First, we investigated the polishing rate of SiO2-film using PS/ceria core/shell abrasives. The polishing rate of SiO2-film was 564 Å/min when using PS/ceria core/shell and 350 Å/min when using wet-ceria as abrasives, as shown in Fig.3. This result means that the real contact area of PS/ceria core/shell is larger than that of 70 nm size wet-ceria. Second, we measured the surface roughness [root-mean-square (RMS) at 10 x 10-um scanning area] of SiO2-film and the surface defect such as scratch after CMP. The surface roughness of SiO2-film was 0.327 nm using wet-ceria and 0.202 nm using PS/ceria core/shell, respectively, as shown in Fig. 4(a). The number of scratch was 51-ea in 10-mm2 area and the deepest depth of scratch was 18 nm using 70 nm size wet ceria. However, the number of scratch was 10-ea in 10-mm2 area and the deepest depth of scratch was 2.3 nm using PS/ceria core/shell, as shown in Fig. 4(b). These results indicate that the hardness of PS/ceria core/shell is smaller than that of 70 nm size wet-ceria. In our presentation, we will review the mechanism for improving CMP performance such as high polishing rate, low surface roughness and scratch-less after CMP when using the PS/ceria core/shell abrasive based slurry. * This research was supported by the MOTIE(Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (10085643) and KSRC(Korea Semiconductor Research Consortium) support program for the development of the future semiconductor device. This work was financially supported by the Brain Korea 21 Plus Program in 2018 and Research & Business Development Program Announcement funded by the MOTIE (N0002026). Figure 1

Information technologies for taking into account risks in business development programme

The paper describes the information technologies for taking into account risks in business development programme, which rely on the algorithm for assessment of programme project risks and the algorithm of programme forming with constrained financing of high-risk projects taken into account. A method of lower-bound estimate is suggested for subsets of solutions. The corresponding theorem and lemma and their proofs are given.

Are matching funds for smallholder irrigation money well spent?

Groundwater irrigation can dramatically affect agricultural production and productivity. Despite its potential as an agricultural development tool, little credible evidence exists for the impacts of groundwater development on smallholder agriculture. We add to the evidence on the benefits of irrigation investments for small producers by evaluating the Rural Business Development (RBD) program of the Millennium Challenge Corporation in Nicaragua for small plantain producers. The RBD program offered matching funds covering up to 30% of the cost of two years of inputs, extension services, and diesel-powered micro-sprinkler irrigation for individual farms. In order to estimate the average impact of the RBD program on its beneficiaries, we combine model selection via the LASSO with doubly robust treatment effect estimation as applied to two years of panel data for 146 producers. We find that the program had substantial impacts on plantain revenue and production, while achieving nearly complete irrigation coverage of plantain land among beneficiaries. We find no discernible impact on household expenditure.

Analysis of IFE, EFE and QSPM matrix on business development strategy

IFE matrix, EFE matrix, and QSPM matrix are business strategy tools that can be used to identify the threat, opportunity, weakness, strength as internal, external business factors. The goal of Danti’s Deli Bakery is to provide pastry product and distribute to other food and beverage outlet all around Jakarta. Thus, Danti’s Deli Bakery requires development strategy in order to win the tight competition. Applied descriptive research and data collected from focus group discussion, questionnaire, interview, observation and literature review. The objectives of this paper are (1) to identify and evaluate internal and external factors, (2) to formulate alternative strategy toward business development program, and (3) to give effective recommendation. The result shows that Danti’s Deli Bakery should apply product differentiation strategy. Implementation of this study is providing the recommendation for pastry and bakery industry to establish a successful business.