Bus Stop Research Articles

Spatial Analysis of Relationships Between Intersection Safety, the Urban Built Environment, and Average Income Level: A Case Study of Des Moines

This study makes a methodological contribution by exploring the relationship between motor vehicle traffic crashes at intersections and the built environment. The study focuses on specific neighborhoods within the city of Des Moines, Iowa, with contrasting socio-economic characteristics to examine variation between the neighborhoods. Exploratory spatial data analysis was used to locate crash clusters at intersections using seven-year crash data (2013–2019) obtained from the Iowa Department of Transportation. Google Street View was used to survey the built environment variables. Regression modeling was then utilized to establish a relationship between intersection crash clusters and the built environment. The results show that commercial/institutional land uses, bus stops, and signalized intersections are statistically significant and have a positive impact on intersection crash incidence. Additionally, crash incidences were higher in neighborhoods with below-average income percentages. These findings potentially can enlighten policymakers to focus on appropriate safety treatments such as traffic-calming measures and identify areas where traffic safety policies need to be prioritized. Policy re-evaluation for bus stop locations and design ideas for the urban form could be established to reduce motor vehicle intersection crashes.

Analysis of Polymeric Components in Particulate Matter Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Particulate matters (PMs) such as PM10 and PM2.5 were collected at a bus stop and were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify organic polymeric materials in them. The major pyrolysis products of the PM samples were isoprene, toluene, styrene, dipentene, and 1-alkenes. The pyrolysis products generated from the PM samples were identified using reference polymeric samples such as common rubbers (natural rubber, butadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber), common plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate)), plant-related components (bark, wood, and leaf), and bitumen. The major sources of the principal polymeric materials in the PM samples were found to be the abrasion of the tire tread and asphalt pavement, plant-related components, and lint from polyester fabric. The particles produced by the abrasion of the tire tread and asphalt pavement on the road were non-exhaustive sources, while the plant-related components and lint from polyester fabric were inflowed from the outside.

Assessing travelers’ characteristics and trip information influencing the boarding and alighting experience at bus stops in a developing urban city: a simultaneous bivariate ordered probit approach

Improved public transport accessibility for the catchment area is crucial towards achieving increased transit ridership. It is essential to comprehend how passengers commute to various bus stops, how their preferences differ depending on their characteristics, and passenger's perception of prevailing commuting infrastructure to get to the bus stops. A simultaneous bivariate ordered probit model is performed in this research utilizing 2532 responses collected from a face-to-face survey at different bus stops in Dhaka, a developing urban city. The study identified socio-economic characteristics, such as income, education level, occupation, vehicle ownership; trip characteristics, such as travel day, frequency of the particular trip, purpose of the trip; and commuting facility ratings, such as pedestrian facilities, availability of feeder services to have significant impacts on either the boarding experience or the alighting experience, or both. Therefore, passenger waiting time at bus stops, walking time from origin to bus stop, pedestrian facilities, and the availability of feeder services should be addressed while developing the transport policies. Optimizing location of the bus stops would minimize passengers walking time to access the bus stop. The pedestrian facilities should be integrated with the public transportation systems. Moreover, multi-modal integration considering the feeder services in the system, leading to and from the public transport catchment area, will improve the ease of accessibility for passengers, subsequently resulting in better transit ridership. In addition, passengers’ boarding experiences were found to influence their alighting experiences. The effect of the explanatory variables found in this study can help policy-makers and transit agencies formulate effective policy countermeasures to mitigate and improve the variables affecting public bus ridership in a developing urban society.

Development and Evaluation of Connected-Vehicle-Enabled Optimal Dynamic Path Planning with Bus Stops

The frequent stops of transit buses significantly block lanes on roads and generate vehicle queues behind. The passenger cars traveling behind buses may be stuck in the queues and miss the green light in the downstream intersection. They will be very tempted to make lane changes to avoid the stopping vehicles efficiently. However, without knowing the information of bus stations and traffic signals, it is very difficult and dangerous for the queued vehicles to make lane changes at last minute. In this paper, an optimal dynamic path planning system will be developed to assist passenger cars avoid buses so as to improve their mobility on local roads. The system utilizes connected vehicles to receive stop information, including times, duration, and locations, of buses, and the signal timing information from intersections. The information is applied to predict the delay of connected vehicles caused by the buses and intersections. The system also estimate optimal paths for the target vehicles to make lane changes and overpass the buses and the downstream intersection to minimize its travel time delay. In this paper, both synthetic and realistic examples are designed with microscopic traffic simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicate that the travel time delay for connected vehicles can be reduced by up to 35%. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the market penetration rates of connected vehicles and demand levels is conducted to understand the benefits and reliability of the system under different stages of the connected environment.

Educational Systematized Design Thinking Platform—Case of Study: Bus Stop

Due to the pandemic caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, higher education institutions need to develop innovations to accelerate change adaptation and give way to new teaching–learning processes. Since design thinking is currently used in an inspirational way to find solutions to problems, this work presents the design of an Educational Systematized Design Thinking (ESDT) methodology based on a hybrid approach of Kano’s model and the minimum value product creation. Moreover, its implementation is carried out to generate the so-called ESDT platform, which is a tool that students, teachers, and educational researchers can use to work remotely. A case study to respond to a fundamental design problem in the community of a group of architecture students is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.

An Assessment of the Accessibility of Multiple Public Service Facilities and Its Correlation with Housing Prices Using an Improved 2SFCA Method—A Case Study of Jinan City, China

The spatial distribution and accessibility of urban public service facilities affect socioeconomic factors in the lives of residents, especially housing prices. Given that most previous studies focus on the accessibility of a certain, single type of facility and its impact on housing prices, this research uses improved two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods by considering the differences in the service capacity of different types of public service facilities in real life to evaluate their accessibility to residential communities in Jinan city based on 3117 facilities covering 11 different kinds of facilitates. Then, we assess the spatial distribution of the impact of the accessibility of different public service facilities on housing prices in Jinan city through a local indicator of a spatial association (LISA) cluster diagram generated based on the bivariate local Moran’s index. Our objectives are to assess the accessibility of multiple public service facilities using an improved 2SFCA method and to explore the spatial correlations between the accessibility of public service facilities and housing prices. The results show that the housing prices in Jinan are clustered and that the areas with high housing prices are mainly concentrated in the Lixia District and the center of the downtown area. The accessibility of medical, shopping, educational and bus stop facilities in the Lixia District is better than that in other districts. The accessibility of shopping, medical and tourist attraction facilities has the most significant impact on housing prices, and the number of communities in which the accessibility of these public service facilities and housing prices form a positive correlation cluster accounts for 50.5%, 47.9% and 45.8% of all communities, respectively. On the other hand, educational accessibility and bus stop accessibility have nothing to do with housing prices, and the number of communities in which the accessibility of these public service facilities forms a not-significant cluster with housing prices accounting for 51.1% and 56.5% of the total, respectively. In this study, the combined 2SFCA method is used to improve the method for evaluating the accessibility of a variety of public service facilities, and its applicability is verified by practical application. By analyzing the spatial correlation between accessibility and housing prices, we expand our understanding of accessibility and show that it plays a central role in housing prices, which will help to improve the spatial pattern of urban public places in the future, provide support for decision makers and provide a reference for the government and real estate developers.

Bus queue time estimation model for a curbside bus stop considering the blocking effect

Bus queue time estimation of a curbside bus stop is essential to evaluate the operation, reliability and performance of a bus system. Arriving buses and served buses on upstream berths form an overflow queue considering the no overtaking principle and limited overtaking principle. The bus dwelling time at the downstream berth may directly influence the capacity at bus stop. This study aims to estimate the queue time attributed to downstream berth blocking effect. The queue delay is modeled as a function of dwell time which is fitting by normal and lognormal distributions. Hence, the queue time should be evaluated by bus dwell time and joint probability density to quantify the negative influence on queue delay. The result indicate that probability distribution versus the queue time in the blocking effect. An illustrative example is presented to reflect the effectiveness of the estimation method. The fitting results further support our theoretical analyses.

“Like Walking Them to the Bus Stop, and Then They Still Miss the Bus”

This qualitative descriptive study explored elementary teachers’ virtual teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from four participants through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. An inductive content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the interactions between teachers and students in the virtual environment were limited. The learning outcomes of virtual teaching in the elementary classroom fell short due to the students’ copy-and-paste culture, too much help from their parents, and an unconducive learning environment at home. This study suggests that elementary teachers need professional development in pedagogical and technological knowledge to effectively teach in a virtual setting. Further, parental orientation is essential to make the parents cooperative and aware of their children’s virtual learning.

Allocating Of New Potential Bus Stop Location Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique

Public bus service is an essential transport in major cities. This service makes it easier for passengers to move from one place to another place. The aim of this research is to allocate new potential bus stop locations in Shah Alam. The purpose is to use the AHP calculation method to find the average priorities weightage value of the criteria and sub criteria used in this research. The applying of GIS to process the data calculated from the AHP will identify which criteria is preferred over each other to locate new bus stop locations. The methodology in this research is divided into four phases which is preliminary work, data acquisition, data processing, and data analysis. Software used in this research for data processing is ArcGIS Pro. How strategic is the locations of the bus stop according to the population? The rising of urbanization has led to increasing in population density; hence the location, functionality, safety, and visual appearance of bus stop are crucial. Therefore, this research is focused on allocating of new potential bus stop locations that has been identified through the GIS geoprocessing tools.

Estimated Models on Lane Use Distribution near Bus Stop and Entrance Location of the Expressway

Estimated Models on Lane Use Distribution near Bus Stop and Entrance Location of the Expressway

중국 주택가격 형성요인에 관한 연구

Qingdao City is main city of Shandong Province along with Jinan City, one of Shandong Province's major cities. As the interest of the housing market is increasing, studies on Chinese real estate are also being actively conducted. However, the reserch on the housing price in Qingdao is relatively insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the housing market in Qingdao and to analyze the formation factors for housing price in Qingdao. Hedonic price model was used as a model to analyze the housing price formation factors in Qingdao City, and data were collected from China's major housing trading site, Soupang Mang. The subjects of the study were six districts: Shinan, Shibei, Licang, Laoshan, Chengyang and Huangdao District. and the time range is for houses traded from 2014 to 2016. Housing characteristics affecting Qingdao housing prices are divided into regional characteristics, complex characteristics, household characteristics, and location characteristics. The main analysis results are as follows. First, in the regional characteristics, the prices of houses located in Shinan, Shibei, Licang, and Laoshan district were higher than those in other regions. Second, in the characteristics of the complex, the more the total number of households in the complex, the shorter the elapsed years, the more famous the contractor who built the house, the house has a higher price. Third, in the characteristics of the household, the larger the supply area, the higher the price when the household's scent is south or south. Lastly, in terms of location characteristics, it was found that the distance from the park or bus stop is short, or the prices of houses located close to the subway are high.

Lighting the community: Design Anthropology and Participatory Design as a Social Approach

This article aims to analyze a social project developed by a multidisciplinary group based on the theories of the emerging field of Design Anthropology (DA). Supported by a co-creation approach, the Parada do Sol project was facilitated by professionals from the Tecnopuc Creativity Laboratory (Tecnopuc Crialab) based on Participatory Design processes. The project aimed to support the community in its desire to initiate a process of social transformation through technology using renewable energy. The main objective of this article is to identify the benefits of using design processes to take advantage of local potential and meet the challenges brought by the real needs of the territory. The main contributions observed were that co-creation proved to be an important approach within the project, leading to the identification of a more relevant intervention for the community; for non-designer participants, this work model allowed the materialization of important solutions for the community, with the idealization of a sustainable bus stop.

Optimization Method for Conventional Bus Stop Placement and the Bus Line Network Based on the Voronoi Diagram

With the rapid development of the economy, the existing conventional bus transit system finds it difficult to meet people’s increasing travel needs. In addition, with the emergence and rapid development of urban rail transit, it is also necessary to integrate the existing conventional bus transit system with the rail transit system to realize the optimization of the whole public transport system. This study introduces the concept of the Voronoi diagram and uses it to divide the service area of bus stops. Taking the average walking time of regional passengers to the station as the main index, the convenience of passengers in the service area was evaluated, and a set of candidate station sites is established. Against the background of urban rail transit, a complete optimization model for a conventional bus station layout and line network was proposed. Finally, taking Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone as an example, two optimization schemes for the public transport system were obtained. Compared with the status quo, the optimized scheme had obvious improvement effects on the repetition coefficient of bus lines, per capita transfer time, bus line network coverage and station service rate. This has been recognized by the local authorities, which proves the practicality and scientificity of the optimization method of this study.

Observational study on multi-type conflicts between passengers and cyclists at the bus stop – A case study in Nanjing

Dedicated cycleway is usually used to keep cyclists away from motorised vehicles in some countries like China. As a result, potential traffic conflicts between bus passengers and cyclists are frequently observed, which lead to potential safety issues for both passengers and cyclists. To our best knowledge, such conflicts and potential safety risk at the bus stop have received rare investigation. More specifically, multi-type conflicts caused by passengers converging from different directions with heterogeneous route choices lack proper research. To fill the gap, this study aims to investigate interactions and conflicts between bus passengers and cyclists. Unobtrusive observations and data collection are conducted by video recordings at a typical bus stop in Nanjing CBD, China. Trajectories of passengers and cyclists are extracted to analyse their interactions, conflicts, and potential safety risks. Lag-time and time-to-collision are adopted as indicators to evaluate the cycleway congestion and severity degree of conflicts, respectively. Multiple influential factors are analysed to evaluate their impacts to congestion and safety risk at a bus stop. The analysis results show that high density of passengers and cyclists, the behaviour of passengers walking along the right side of cycleway, and the interaction between passengers and cyclists crossing from behind or side will increase safety risk. The research findings suggest that bus stop layout design should consider clear view for crossing passengers and passing cyclists; sufficient space should be provided for waiting passengers; and crosswalk should be designed properly to guide passengers to cross cycleway and protect cyclists’ and passengers’ safety.

Examining the Effect of Curb-Side Bus Stop on Time Headway at Multilane Divided Urban Roads Under Mixed Traffic Conditions

Examining the Effect of Curb-Side Bus Stop on Time Headway at Multilane Divided Urban Roads Under Mixed Traffic Conditions

Mode differentiation in partitioning of mixed bi-modal urban networks

ABSTRACT Empirical studies have demonstrated the existence of a well-defined Network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (NMFD). Well-shaped NMFD, however, may not be a universal law because urban networks often display heterogeneous congestion distributions. Therefore, different algorithms have been proposed to partition a heterogeneous network into homogeneous sub-networks. These algorithms mainly consider uni-modal networks, despite the multi-modal nature of urban traffic flows. This paper is one of the first studies dedicated to the partitioning problem of bi-modal networks. First, a three-step partitioning algorithm is developed concerning NMFD-based applications. Second, the role played by mode differentiation in bi-modal network partitioning is investigated through the lens of speed-NMFDs. The results demonstrate that the algorithm performs well. Mode differentiation should be considered in the partitioning process while is defined differently in free-flow and saturated conditions. The links' lengths, bus stop distribution, speed limit zone, and the existence of bus terminals might affect speed-NMFD properties.

Does the Inclusion of Spatio-Temporal Features Improve Bus Travel Time Predictions? A Deep Learning-Based Modelling Approach

With the abundance of public transportation in highly urbanized areas, it is common for passengers to make inefficient or flawed transport decisions due to a lack of information. The exact arrival time of a bus is an example of such information that can aid passengers in making better decisions. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for predicting path-based bus travel time, thereby assisting accurate bus arrival and departure time predictions at each bus stop. Specifically, we develop a Geo-conv Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) model that (1) extracts subsequent spatial features through a 1D Convolution Neural Network (CNN) for the entire bus travel sequence and (2) captures the temporal dependencies between subsequences through the LSTM network. Additionally, this study utilizes additional variables that affect two components of bus travel time (dwelling time and transit time) to precisely predict travel time. The constructed model is then evaluated by the practical application to two bus lines operating in Seoul, Korea. The results show that our model outperforms three other baseline models. Two bus lines with different types of operation show different model performance patterns that are dependent on travel distance. Interestingly, we find that the variable related to the link of the stop location appears to play an important role in predicting bus travel time. We believe that these novel findings will contribute to the literature on transportation and, in particular, on deep learning-based travel time prediction.

KEPUASAN PENGGUNA HALTE TRANSIT TRANSJAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN HETEROGENEOUS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (HCSI)

One factor that marks the quality of public transport is the integration of services between or inter modes, especially through interchange shelters. Koridor 1 Trans Jakarta (TJ) is an important corridor because it has an interchange shelter, which serves and relates most with other TJ routes. However, no studies have examined the user satisfaction level in interchange shelters. This Survey was conducted from Koridor 1 TJ interchange shelter passengers (N=252): Bendungan Hilir, Dukuh Atas, Harmoni, Monas, and Kota, by Heterogeneous Customer Satisfaction Index (HCSI). The results showed the level of customer satisfaction of Koridor 1 Trans Jakarta (TJ) can be categorized as good. There are four attributes of the services that have the highest satisfaction level: Ticket prices, Special female passenger area, Ease of buying tickets, and Interchange information. Otherwise, other attributes have the lowest satisfaction levels: Mix traffic, Length of travel, Waiting time at the bus stop, Standing position comfort on the bus, Noise on the bus, as well Queue line, and disembark direction on shelter.

A Novel Bus Arrival Time Prediction Method Based on Spatio-Temporal Flow Centrality Analysis and Deep Learning

This paper presents a method for predicting bus stop arrival times based on a unique approach that extracts the spatio-temporal dynamics of bus flows. Using a new technique called Bus Flow Centrality Analysis (BFC), we obtain the low-dimensional embedding of short-term bus flow patterns in the form of IID (Individual In Degree) and IOD (Individual Out Degree) and TOD (Total Out Degree) at every station in the bus network. The embedding using BFC analysis well captures the characteristics of every individual flow and aggregate pattern. The latent vector returned by the BFC analysis is combined with other essential information such as bus speed, travel time, wait time, dispatch intervals, the distance between stations, seasonality, holiday status, and climate information. We employed a family of recurrent neural networks such as LSTM, GRU, and ALSTM to model how these features change over time and to predict the time the bus takes to reach the next stop in subsequent time windows. We experimented with our solution using logs of bus operations in the Seoul Metropolitan area offered by the Bus Management System (BMS) and the Bus Information System (BIS) of Korea. We predicted arrival times for more than 100 bus routes with a MAPE of 1.19%. This margin of error is 74% lower than the latest work based on ALSTM. We also learned that LSTM performs better than GRU with a 40.5% lower MAPE. This result is even remarkable considering the irregularity in the bus flow patterns and the fact that we did not rely on real-time GPS information. Moreover, our approach scales at a city-wide level by analyzing more than 100 bus routes, while previous studies showed limited experiments on much fewer bus routes.

Walking Accessibility to the Bus Stop: Does It Affect Residential Rents? The Case of Jinan, China

It is a crucial question to understand the relationship between public transit and residential rents for the proposal of a sustainable transportation system and efficient allocation of lands during the policy marking process. Little has been discovered in the current literature regarding the impact of the bus system on residential rents. This study investigated walking accessibility to the bus stop based on the average daily on-ridership data of bus stops and street networks in Jinan, China, and analysed the impact on the spatial differentiation of residential rents using the spatial autocorrelation analysis and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. Our results suggested that residential rent levels in Jinan had evident spatial dependence and spatial differentiation characteristics, which was signified by a significant high rent, and a high accessibility distribution pattern surrounding both city and sub-city centres. GWR results further showed that walking accessibility to the bus stop could significantly improve residential rents. On the spatial scale, a 1% increase in walking accessibility could result in a premium of up to 0.427% and a 2.984% decline in rental prices. Lastly, we found that walking accessibility to the bus stop significantly affected housing rents incrementally with increasing distance between residences and the city centre. Moreover, walking accessibility to the bus stop showed a marginal ‘first increase and then decrease’ effect on residential rents as the distance to the bus stop increased. The premium effect was the most significant among residences within 500–900 m of a bus stop.