Burning Problem Research Articles

​Mathematical Modeling and Optimization for Emission Parameter SO2 of Dual Fuel CI Engine using Mustard Stalk

Background: Punjab (India) an agricultural state with twelve major crops sown round the year, produces 14.53 MT as crop residue. This huge quantity of crop residue poses a serious problem of stubble burning in the fields, leading to an alarming level of air pollution across the state, along with a potential loss of fuel usable for power generation. About 1000 MW of electricity can be generated from this crop residue by the proper utilization (Singh et al. 2015). Methods: Characteristics of various crop residues were evaluated experimentally and further investigations have been carried out to study the performance of producer gas derived from mustard stalk using a downdraft gasifier in combination with diesel oil in dual fuel diesel engine, where effect of various input parameters such as type of fuel, equivalence ratio and load on engine were studied on emission component SO2. Results were modeled and optimized through central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) using design of experiments technique to determine the most desirable mode of utilization. Result: It has been found that fixed carbon (40.55%), sulphur (0.367%), moisture contents (6.88%) and nitrogen contents (1.314%) in mustard stalk is almost same as in coal, where as hydrogen (6.124%), oxygen (43.965%), volatile matter (68.93%), gross calorific values (3933 kcal/kg) of mustard stalk are more and ash content (6.65%) is less as compared to corresponding values for coal. In all the three modes of operations, SO2 increases with increase in load on the engine. ER has no effect in diesel alone mode but in dual modes with increase in ER further increases SO2 as high temperature producer gas and air along with sulphur enters the engine which further increases the value of SO2.

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF KAPHA IN URUSTHAMBHA AND ITS CHIKITSA

Lifestyle diseases are the burning problem today. The disease-causing lifestyles are Gramya achara, Apatarpana achara and Santarpana achara. The diseases which are caused due to such acharas are called lifestyle diseases. This is usually caused by unhealthy dietary habits and lack of physical exercise, leading to excess generation of Kapha and Medas. When this Kapha and Medas start accumulating in various parts of the body, it leads to Vyadhisankara / Aupasargika roga. Aupasargika roga includes Purvothpanna vyadhi / Purvarupa vyadhi and Upadrava vyadhi. Such type of Aupasargika roga is Urusthambha where the pathology can be divided into Purvarupa and Upadrava. Chikitsa also follows the pathology of the disease. The same has been attempted to capture in the below conceptual study. Keywords: Santarpana achara, Aupasargika roga, Urustambha, Purvarupa Vyadhi, Upadrava vyadhi, Kapha, Meda.

Quality improvement initiative approach to decrease the unindicated usage of antibiotics in a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad, India

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global problem concerned with patient safety. It is even more challenging in developing countries like India. Antibiotic stewardship initiative is the best arrow in the...

Pengaturan Sanksi Pidana Bagi Pelaku Pembakaran Hutan

The base burning which is getting more and more massive every year in the archipelago because of the large number of land clearing by burning forests. For this reason, the burning of the widening of the plinth can cause natural destruction to disturb the fitness of the residents, to be quietly located, and to obtain a good and fit nature of life, which is the feasibility of such citizens as voiced in Article 28 h paragraph (I) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal arrangements for forest burning agents and to know the criminal sanctions for forest fire offenders. The method used in the preparation of this research is a normative legal study using a problem study using a legal basis that applies to laws and regulations contained in the literature. The method used for the following research is juridical normative, analytical descriptive in nature, and using the statutory regulation scheme, the executor of the scorching action of bases and land that continuously carries out scorching grounds should be carried out under criminal law, civil law in the form of penalties and administrative law takes the form of abolishing the business permit management permit. Law Number 41 Year 1999 Law Number 19 Year 2004 regarding Reason, Law Number 32 Year 2009 regarding Environmental Protection and Management, Civil Code, Criminal Code and Legal Code The administration, in fact, is unable to make a sense of the craving for the executors of the crime of burning forests and land who carry out scorching of bases and land because there is still a problem of burning the base.

A Fuzzy Soft Set Theoretic Approach in Decision Making of Covid-19 Risk in Different Regions

In the present paper, we apply the theory of fuzzy soft sets to solve a decision making problem related to Covid-19. We give an example which shows that the method can be successfully applied to the burning problem of Covid-19 that contains uncertainties and find result regarding to the risk of Covid-19 in particular region.

A Clinical case study on Dhanyak Gokshur Ghrita Yavakshar Uttar basti in the management of Mutraghata w.s.r. to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a common senile disease. The present modern conservative management includes use of alpha blockers and 5 alpha reductase inhibitors. In operative management various type of operative procedure may be done, out of which most commonly done now-a-days is TURP. However, both of these modalities cause various side effects. Through Ayurveda we can find solution for this burning problem of society. In Ayurved Samhitas, symptoms of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia described under Mutraghata disease. There are 12 types of Mutraghata; one of them is Vatashthila, which can be correlated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia disease. The general treatment of Mutraghata includes Uttar basti . Though Uttar basti is a traditionally used therapy, its efficacy with Dhanyak Gokshur Ghrita Yavakshar is not yet evaluated in the management of BPH. Uttar basti is cost effective and it may avoid surgery which ultimately results in increased quality of life of patients. So, in present clinical study, efficacy of Dhanyak Gokshur Ghrita Yavakshar Uttar basti in Vatashthila with special reference to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is evaluated.

The Heterostructures of CuO and SnOx for NO2 Detection.

Controlling environmental pollution is a burning problem for all countries more than ever. Currently, due to the increasing industrialization, the number of days when the limits of air pollutants are over the threshold levels exceeds 80–85% of the year. Therefore, cheap and effective sensors are always welcome. One idea is to combine such solutions with cars and provide real-time information about the current pollution level. However, the environmental conditions are demanding, and thus the developed sensors need to be characterized by the high 3S parameters: sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In this paper, we present the results on the heterostructure of CuO/SnOx and SnOx/CuO as a possible approach for selective NO2 detection. The developed gas sensors exhibited lower operating temperature and high response in the wide range of NO2 and in a wide range of relative humidity changes. Material characterizations and impedance spectroscopy measurements were also conducted to analyze the chemical and electrical behavior.

Study of relationship between age and body mass index on knee osteoarthritis in advanced aged females in a divisional city of Bangladesh

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Knee osteoarthritis is a notable issue in senior citizens and is a burning problem worldwide. There are so many risk factors related to knee osteoarthritis but women's sex, age, and obesity are significant. The aim and objective of this study were to estimate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among women in the age group of 46 to 65 years and the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on knee osteoarthritis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient department (OPD) in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, a tertiary level hospital, among females of Mymensingh, a divisional city of Bangladesh in the age group of 46 to 65 years. Purposive sampling technique used to select study subjects. A total of 100 females participated in this study in one month (July 2019-August 2019).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 100 participants were enlisted in the study, in the age group of 46 to 55 years 39 (39%) and 56 to 65 years 61 (61%). Total 65 (65%) participants were affected with knee osteoarthritis. Among them, 19 (29.2%) participants were in the age group of 46-55 years and 46 (70.8%) participants were in the age group of 55-65 years, thus in the advanced age group, knee osteoarthritis is remarkably more. Participants affected with knee osteoarthritis with BMI ≥25 were significantly more affected 45 (69.2%) compared with participants with normal BMI 20 (30.2%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Knee osteoarthritis is significantly associated with advanced age and obesity. Advanced age and overweight were strongly associated with osteoarthritis in our population. Therefore, weight reduction and preventive measures can decrease the burden and will help in minimizing morbidity associated with OA.</p>

Combination blade roller for straw returning cultivator

The straw was buried in field in transitory and busy farming season whether it’s paddy or dry land. Mechanized straw application was beneficial to solve the problem of straw burning, and also conducive to the fertility of soil and beneficial to soil improvement. It was an important measure to develop ecological agriculture and agriculture sustainable development. In order to solve the problem of crop residue burning, we designed a straw burying rotary tiller. It can bury crop straw not only in wet land, but also in dry land. It is suitable for tillage in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, where the principal crop rotation is wet land rice after dry land crop annually. Based on our previous research achievements, the cultivator for high stubble returning in paddy field and so on, are widely used. So there are two main kinds of cultivating blades in this rotary tiller. They are rotary blades IIT245 and spiral blades. The former blades are used to cut soil, while the latter blades are to bury straw. The results provide the basis for the structure optimization of the cultivator for straw returning and the improvement of its working performance, and also provide a suitable implement to achieve high stubble straw mulching and soil tillage in paddy field and dry land.

The current landscape fire management in Ukraine and strategy for its improvement

Abstract Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.

Crop burning and forest fires: Long-term effect on adolescent height in India

This paper examines the effect of biomass burning on adolescent health in India. The biomass burning problem is quite acute especially in North India, with some states experiencing forest fires and few states actively engaging in crop burning practice. We combine remote sensing data on biomass burning events with a pan-India survey on teenage girls (TAG survey). We exploit regional and temporal variation in our data to establish the link between occurrence of extremely high levels of biomass burning during early life and adolescent height for girls in India. Our results indicate that exposure to extremely high level of biomass burning during prenatal and postnatal period is associated with lower height (by 0.7 percent or 1.07 cm) later in life. Girls from North India are found to be especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of exposure to biomass burning.

Faster heuristics for graph burning.

Graph burning is a process of information spreading through the network by an agent in discrete steps. The problem is to find an optimal sequence of nodes that have to be given information so that the network is covered in least number of steps. Graph burning problem is NP-Hard for which two approximation algorithms and a few heuristics have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we propose three heuristics, namely, Backbone Based Greedy Heuristic (BBGH), Improved Cutting Corners Heuristic (ICCH), and Component Based Recursive Heuristic (CBRH). These are mainly based on Eigenvector centrality measure. BBGH finds a backbone of the network and picks vertex to be burned greedily from the vertices of the backbone. ICCH is a shortest path based heuristic and picks vertex to burn greedily from best central nodes. The burning number problem on disconnected graphs is harder than on the connected graphs. For example, burning number problem is easy on a path where as it is NP-Hard on disjoint paths. In practice, large networks are generally disconnected and moreover even if the input graph is connected, during the burning process the graph among the unburned vertices may be disconnected. For disconnected graphs, ordering the components is crucial. Our CBRH works well on disconnected graphs as it prioritizes the components. All the heuristics have been implemented and tested on several bench-mark networks including large networks of size more than 50K nodes. The experimentation also includes comparison to the approximation algorithms. The advantages of our algorithms are that they are much simpler to implement and also several orders faster than the heuristics proposed in the literature.

Human skin microbiota-friendly lysostaphin

Growing antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a burning problem of human and veterinary medicine. Expansion and introduction of novel microbicidal therapeutics is highly desirable. However, antibiotic treatment disturbs the balance of physiological microbiota by changing its qualitative and/or quantitative composition, resulting in a number of adverse effects that include secondary infections. Although such dysbiosis may be reversed by the treatment with probiotics, a more attractive alternative is the use of antibiotics that target only pathogens, while sparing the commensals. Here, we describe lysostaphin LSp222, an enzyme produced naturally by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 222. LSp222 is highly effective against S. aureus, including its multi-drug resistant strains. Importantly, the inhibitory concentration for S. epidermidis, the predominant commensal in healthy human skin, is at least two orders of magnitude higher compared to S. aureus. Such significant therapeutic window makes LSp222 a microbiota-friendly antibacterial agent with a potential application in the treatment of S. aureus-driven skin infections.

Spectral singularities with directional sensitivity

We propose a class of spectral singularities that are sensitive to the direction of excitation and are arising in nonlinear systems with broken parity symmetry. These spectral singularities are sensitive to the direction of the incident beam and result in diverging transmission and reflection for the left (right) incident while the transmission and reflection of the right (left) side of the system remain finite. For pedagogical reason first, we review the scattering formalism in nonlinear systems using an abstract delta-function model. Then using a parity symmetry broken nonlinear system consists of two delta functions, one linear and the other nonlinear, we show the existence of our proposed spectral singularities. Then, we use an experimentally feasible realistic model based on coupled disk resonators and we identify the spectral singularity with directional sensitivity (SSDS). Our proposed SSDS might have applications in designing nonlinear sensors. Furthermore, it can provide a solution for the hole burning problem in pumped laser cavities.

ZNAČAJ ODNOSA STRUČNJAKA I KORISNIKA TE STRUČNIH POSTUPAKA U PREVENCIJI BJEGOVA MLADIH IZ ODGOJNIH USTANOVA

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARE GIVERS AND BENEFICIARIES AND PROFESSIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE PREVENTION OF RUNAWAYS FROM RESIDENTIAL CARE Youth runaways are often mentioned as a burning problem in residential care. Apart from phenomenological aspects and factors that contribute to this phenomenon, and which have previously been analyzed in scientific research studies, this paper is focused on the relationship of young people who have already had an experience of runaway from residential care with professionals, primarily educators. Existing research studies indicate the significance of the relationship between the users and professionals, at which poor relationship is associated with the reasons for youth runaways, and a good relationship with protective factors that prevent the youth from running away and which protect them generally is perceived as a factor that contributes to the success of the treatment. The aim of this paper is to present how young persons experience the relationship with professionals, and which actions of professionals they identify as potentially useful and efficient in the prevention of runaways from residential care. The focus is on the significance and possibilities of professional helping relationship between professionals and young persons with the aim of preventing the occurrence of youth runaways from residential care. The perspective of 15 young persons with the experience of runaway from residential care is presented. The technique of a semi-structured interview was applied for the data collection, and a thematic analysis was conducted for data processing. As a result of the thematic analysis in which three topics were determined as a framework, 12 categories and 57 codes were recognized. The results of this research indicate that the relationships between the users and educators are complex and multi-layered. Young people primarily experience the relationships positively, and the relationships depend on the actions of the educators as well as on their own actions. The actions of the educators that the youth experienced after returning to residential care after runaway can be divided into those happening immediately after the runaway and those with a time lapse. The dominant intervention following runaways is a conversation about the runaway which contains the elements of obtaining the data about the course of the runaway, gaining an insight into the reasons for the runaway, raising awareness about the consequences and giving advice. Apart from conversations, young people mention the consequences which include grounding, lifting privileges and isolation. The results illuminate how the relationship between young people and professionals can become an important prerequisite in the prevention of youth runaways from residential care.

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ У НАВЧАННІ: ОСНОВНІ МЕТОДИ, СТРУКТУРА ТА ФУНКЦІЇ. ЗАГАЛЬНИЙ ОГЛЯД ТА АНАЛІЗ

Ukraine’s movement towards integration into European and world scientific and educational space causes changes in paradigms and approaches to teaching in all-level educational institutions, which can lead to modern learning transformations. Topicality of the article is due to the necessity of system comprehending the notions of «integration» and «integrated learning» in the process of education as interdisciplinary links play a great role in contemporary world because modern professionals should be versatile and possess a wide range of skills and knowledge to be multitasking and able to solve burning problems. The aim of the article is to define the terms of «integration» and «integrated learning» in the context of the education process. A set of tasks has been solved in the presented article: various viewpoints on integration and integrated learning have been analyzed and compared including both foreign and Ukrainian scholars’ scientific results. The process of integration in education results in humanization and being a constituent part of content-language integrated learning. The advantages of integrated approach are evident as the latter helps to create advanced and sophisticated textbooks, modern educational technologies and change educational component content, which lead to the necessity of understanding students’ needs making the teaching process student-centered and student-oriented. The integration methods, forms, tools and means are characterized. Cognitive and creative teaching methods make it possible to form integrative blocks of problem-based learning: integrative vision, heuristic research, development, forecasting and analysis. Integration can be subject, problem, horizontal and vertical, which lets master the topic from different angles. In addition, integration performs educational, upbringing, developmental, psychological, methodological and organizational functions.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ADULTERATION AND SUBSTITUTION OF CRUDE DRUGS

Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as modern medicine. Faced with the challenges of modern medicine, the world is shifting toward Ayurvedic theories of health management. In the treatment of the disease, the use of drugs is not limited. This increases the demand for raw materials exponentially. However, production growth is still linear. Rapid depletion of resources creates major problems. To fill the deficit, advances in adulteration and substitution are becoming more prevalent. This adulteration and substitution are a burning problem in an industry that threatens the integrity of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Imprecise knowledge, misidentification, deforestation, and personal gain have led to adulteration. Therefore, an understanding of all ways of adulteration and substitutions is needed to amend this illegal act and maximize consumer safety. This article focuses on adulteration, its types and various methods of adulteration, as well as the concept of substitution, reasoning, and its types. Attempts have also been made to differentiate these two related terms.

Brief concept of Palitya

The face of an individual is a personal identity in which hair plays a significant role. Healthy hair is a healthy sign of personality. But nowadays, whitening of hair is a common and burning problem in public. Black, healthy and good looking hair makes the individual happy and confident. Palitya generally occurs in old age and pittaj pradhan prakriti. But due to unhealthy diet, wrong regimen, pollution, psychological stress, etc. it affects on hairs, and causes Palitya. There is a management in Ayurveda for this worldwide issue i.e. Palitya. Present study reviews Ayurvedic and modern etiopathogenesis and management trends to propose ideal treatment for Palitya.

POS-178 Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among UTI patients having Chronic Kidney Disease

Urinary Tract Infection is a common disease in the Nephrology outpatient Department We evaluated 26 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) who had growth of E.coli in their Urinary Culture and Sensitivity specimens. Drug Resistance is a common problem encountering UTI. We evaluated prevalence of Ciprofloxacin resistance among CKD patients. The patients attending the Nephrology Outpatient Department of Mount Adora Hospital, Nayasarak. Sylhet Bangladesh were evaluated. From them consecutive 26 E.coli positive Culture and Sensitivity of Urinary samples done in the Microbiology Laboratory of Mount Adora Hospital Nayasarak, Sylhet, Bangladesh were evaluated. All the patients were suffering CKD stage I-IV. Informed consent was obtained from the patients. As Ciprofloxacin is a common and effective drug in the treatment of UTI we evaluated the resistance of Ciprofloxacin among the samples. Among the 26 patients 6 were male (23%). 14 patients were hypertensive (53.8%) and 16 were diabetics (61.5%). After Culture and Sensitivity of Urinary Samples having E.coli growth 12 patients (46.1%) had resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a cheap drug in Bangladesh. But its ongoing resistance to E.coli is a current problem here. In the veterinary sector of Bangladesh, Ciprofloxacin is used widely. Bangladeshi people are used to eat beef and goat meat. So they ingest Ciprofloxacin along with meat. Easy availability of antibiotics is an issue. Drug compliance during antibiotic treatment is another factor which may contribute. Ciprofloxacin resistance in UTI caused by E.coli is a burning problem in Bangladesh. Implication of One Health , creating awareness on drug compliance during antibiotic therapy and strict regulation of drug authority on antibiotic availability are necessary to combat this problem.

Research of uneven arc burning of parallel necks of DC fuse

When breaking low current, DC fuse is prone to voltage drop. It is caused by uneven arc burning between parallel necks. The problem of uneven arc burning in parallel slows down the breaking speed of the fuse, and in severe cases causes the fuse to overheat and arc spray. To solve this problem, this paper establishes a mathematical model of fuse arc, a commutation model between parallel necks and a pre-arc time model of necks. Based on Matlab, the current of each branch is calculated as well as temperature of necks. Then this paper explains the cause of uneven parallel arcing and analyzes the influence of the machining error and current on the phenomenon. Finally this paper calculates the minimum current density that fuse can arc evenly in parallel under different machining errors, and the conclusion can be used to guide the design of DC fuse.