Abstract
Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as modern medicine. Faced with the challenges of modern medicine, the world is shifting toward Ayurvedic theories of health management. In the treatment of the disease, the use of drugs is not limited. This increases the demand for raw materials exponentially. However, production growth is still linear. Rapid depletion of resources creates major problems. To fill the deficit, advances in adulteration and substitution are becoming more prevalent. This adulteration and substitution are a burning problem in an industry that threatens the integrity of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Imprecise knowledge, misidentification, deforestation, and personal gain have led to adulteration. Therefore, an understanding of all ways of adulteration and substitutions is needed to amend this illegal act and maximize consumer safety. This article focuses on adulteration, its types and various methods of adulteration, as well as the concept of substitution, reasoning, and its types. Attempts have also been made to differentiate these two related terms.
Highlights
Reliance of human on plants has its roots in the origins of mankind
Quality standards for medicinal plant materials published by the World Health Organization, recommends rejecting any batch of raw material having more than 5% of any other plant part of the same plant, even though they are derived from the authentic plant
Methods used for adulteration The methods used for adulteration may be grouped as follows: Manufacture of substitutes Materials are artificially manufactured to simulate the general form and appearance of various drugs
Summary
Reliance of human on plants has its roots in the origins of mankind. Shelter, clothing, food, taste and aroma, and medicine constitute the basic necessities of human life. In India, according to Good Clinical Practice, toxicity studies and clinical trials on herbal formulations are not required for the patent application and manufacturer license of Ayurvedic herbal formulations Due to this various quality related problems such as adulteration, substitution, contamination, and unidentified production shortcuts are becoming more common, leading to incidents such as the presence of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs in Ayurvedic anti-rheumatic drugs, excessive heavy metal contamination, lack of proper processing, and storage of marketed products in undesirable conditions [3,5,6]. Quality standards for medicinal plant materials published by the World Health Organization, recommends rejecting any batch of raw material having more than 5% of any other plant part of the same plant (e.g., stem in leaf drugs), even though they are derived from the authentic plant These standards, recommends rejection of adulteration, whether intentional or unintentional and proposes that suppliers and traders should be educated about the authentic sources. Crude drugs are further grouped according to whether they contain a regular organized cellular structure or not, as: 1. Organized drugs: It comprises those crude drug materials which represent a part of the plant and are, made up of cells
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