Burning Problem Research Articles

Development of biodegradable tableware from novel combination of paddy straw and pine needles: A potential alternative against plastic cutlery

Plastic cutlery for food packaging and serving has long been in trend due to its versatile properties but accumulation of the single use plastic cutlery creates disposal problem due to its non-biodegradability. The two biomasses paddy straw and pine needles are known to cause serious problems of stubble burning and forest fires respectively. However, these two biomasses hold tremendous potential to be used as raw material in pulp industry due to their high holocellulose and cellulose content which can be further enhanced after pre-treatments. This study aims to use a combination of two biomasses in a ratio of 1:1 and further process it to derive pulp by employing enzymes such as laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase for lignin removal by fermentation mechanism. After sufficient lignin removal, the processed beaten pulp was casted into cups and bowls. Binding agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose, gum acacia and potato starch along with cross-linking polymer were blended with pulp in binding matrix to cast durable and non-brittle biodegradable cups. PLA (bio-plastic) polymer was applied in the form of a thin film over the developed tableware. The developed tableware was further verified for anti-microbial properties by testing it with common food-poisoning pathogens. Mechanical stiffness and rigidity were estimated along with thermal stability examined over a wide temperature range by dynamic scanning colorimetric (DSC). Lattice structure and morphology was studied by SEM and XRD analyses. Based on the analytical analyses, the developed biodegradable tableware can be a suitable alternative to combat plastic cutlery menace.

SAR Analysis Using Various Substrates of Microstrip Antenna for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Treatment

Hyperthermia is an alternative technique used to treat breast cancer using high heat, around 41°C to 45°C, to denature cancer tissue into necrotic tissue. It can work independently or in adjuvant with other conventional methods. The design of an antenna with a suitable substrate is essential for the applicator to transmit maximal heat to the intended area and distribute the heat uniformly on the treated tissues. Therefore, the inset feed microstrip antenna is design with five different substrates, simulated, analyzed, and their performance is compared to get the best substrate. The substrates used include Rogers Duroid RT5880, Rogers RO4003, FR4, Alumina and Rogers RO3010. SEMCAD X 14.8.4 software is used to design, simulate and generate SAR. RT5880 and RO4003 show better SAR distribution and focus position distance (FPD), which can be further examined for future research. 2450 MHz, 915 MHz and 434 MHz frequencies are compared to find the most suitable frequency to apply with the applicator. A 915 MHz frequency shows better performance which can penetrate more toward the cancerous areas. However, there are several deficiencies such as difficulty in controlling FPD, wide unwanted hotspot and massive skin burn problem, that needs to be improved to provide less adverse health effects due to the execution of hyperthermia treatment. The selection of suitable substrates can help reduce the deficiencies and improve the effectiveness of the hyperthermia technique. The estimated period is within 2 hours to 3.6 hours to achieve sufficient heating to destroy the cancerous cells.

“SUMMITS OF THE AMERICAS” AS AN ATTEMPT TO REVIVE THE MONROE DOCTRINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Almost two hundred years, the Monroe doctrine has been an ideological justification of the US policy to promote its interests and subdue the Western Hemisphere, despite statements about its cancellation in February 2013. Over time, the US authorities have used different tools for its implementation. Those tools were based on a specific internal and international situation. A new format of relations - Summits of the Americas - the regular meetings of all the American states' heads (except Cuba) was offered to the neighboring states under new geopolitical conditions at the turn of the 20th-21st century in order to discuss the most burning problems of the region and deal with them. In reality, after almost thirty years of this policy it becomes obvious that the United States are not going to abandon the continuation of their neocolonial course or to solve the most complex socio-economic problems of the peoples of America. At the same time, the latter are against interference in their internal affairs and the dictates of American interests.

“SUMMITS OF THE AMERICAS” AS AN ATTEMPT TO REVIVE THE MONROE DOCTRINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Almost two hundred years, the Monroe doctrine has been an ideological justification of the US policy to promote its interests and subdue the Western Hemisphere, despite statements about its cancellation in February 2013. Over time, the US authorities have used different tools for its implementation. Those tools were based on a specific internal and international situation. A new format of relations - Summits of the Americas - the regular meetings of all the American states' heads (except Cuba) was offered to the neighboring states under new geopolitical conditions at the turn of the 20th-21st century in order to discuss the most burning problems of the region and deal with them. In reality, after almost thirty years of this policy it becomes obvious that the United States are not going to abandon the continuation of their neocolonial course or to solve the most complex socio-economic problems of the peoples of America. At the same time, the latter are against interference in their internal affairs and the dictates of American interests.

Grinding Characteristics of MoS2-Coated Brazed CBN Grinding Wheels in Dry Grinding of Titanium Alloy

As an important green manufacturing process, dry grinding has problems such as high grinding temperature and insufficient cooling capacity. Aiming at the problems of sticking and burns in dry grinding of titanium alloys, grinding performance evaluation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid lubricant coated brazed cubic boron carbide (CBN) grinding wheel (MoS2-coated CBN wheel) in dry grinding titanium alloys was carried out. The lubrication mechanism of MoS2 in the grinding process is analyzed, and the MoS2-coated CBN wheel is prepared. The results show that the MoS2 solid lubricant can form a lubricating film on the ground surface and reduce the friction coefficient and grinding force. Within the experimental parameters, normal grinding force decreased by 42.5%, and tangential grinding force decreased by 28.1%. MoS2 lubricant can effectively improve the heat dissipation effect of titanium alloy grinding arc area. Compared with common CBN grinding wheel, MoS2-coated CBN wheel has lower grinding temperature. When the grinding depth reaches 20 μm, the grinding temperature decreased by 30.5%. The wear of CBN grains of grinding wheel were analyzed by mathematical statistical method. MoS2 lubricating coating can essentially decrease the wear of grains, reduce the adhesion of titanium alloy chip, prolong the service life of grinding wheel, and help to enhance the surface quality of workpiece. This research provides high-quality and efficient technical support for titanium alloy grinding.

Causes and Consequences of Environmental Degradation in Mizoram, Northeast India

The problem of environmental degradation due to deterioration of natural resources has become an important issue and is one of the burning problems in the 21st century in northeast India, especially in Mizoram. It is clear that deforestation, ground water depletion, soil erosion, decline in rainfall, river water pollution and volume decreases in dry season are the major threats to environmental degradation in this fragile terrain. Anthropogenic activities by land use changes due to settlement expansion, over exploitation of land and forest resources for intensive agriculture appear to be the major causes for the fast depletion of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to protect natural resources in order to mitigate multi-dimensional environmental degradation. This study is an attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of environmental degradation in this area based on the resources of land, water and forest. Implementation of appropriate measures like judicious use of natural resources, utilizing education to minimize economic backwardness and inclusion of community participation helps to mitigate environmental deterioration to great extent.

ADULTERATION AND SUBSTITUTION OF CRUDE DRUGS

Herbs are one of the effective sources of Ayurvedic & other traditional medicine as well as modern medicine. Sharangdhar Samhita (an ancient Ayurvedic literature in 1300 AD.) Introduce the concept of “polyherbal” which comprises combined herbal drug formulation with another ingredient. Polyherbal formulations were used to cure various human ailments from many centuries. These are a collection of various herbs & minerals that are pro-cessed to detoxify its toxicity and thus act as medicine which is used therapeutically. In today’s scenario where whole world is looking towards Ayurveda & Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of ailment the treatment of the disease, this increases the demand for raw materials exponentially. However, production growth is still linear and is not sufficient to fulfil the required demand. Rapid depletion of natural resources creates major problems and also a big reason for adulteration & substitution. This Adulteration & substitution are a burning problem in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical industry that threatens the integrity of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Therefore, an understanding of all way of adulteration & substitution is needed. This will be discussed in detail in the full pa-per along with rules & regulations mentioned in Drug & Cosmetic act and the rules between 1940 & 1945 to amend this illegal act and maximize consumer safety.

Detail Study of Sandhi Sharir with special reference to Jaanu Sandhi

According to modern text joint is a place where two or more bones are articulates with each other. Aacharya Sushruta has quoted that although there are numerous Sandhi in our body which cannot be counted so only Asthi Sandhi should be considered while enumerating Sandhi. Total two hundred and ten Sandhi are present in human body. Every bone is unite by joints and covered by muscles and gets blood supply by different Sira and Dhamani. These bones unite to form Asthi Sandhi. In Ayurveda the main Sthana of Kapha Dosha is all joints in human body. Janu Sandhi (knee) is the largest and most complex synovial joint of the body and is of great importance because it plays great role in movements like walking and stability, including maintenance of the erect posture and the transmission of the body weight. Sandhi can be taken as union of two or more bone in Ayurvedic Samhitas the description of anatomy of Sandhi in detail is not found. It is observed that the incidence of joints disorders is increasing day by day. It is burning problem for families and society. A thorough knowledge of the structures and functions of the joint is required to diagnose and treat the disease of joints.

Urban Flooding: Study of Bangalore

Climate Change has brought an unprecedented change in the meteorological parameters, affecting the urban habitat. Uncontrolled growth, cravings for Urban dwellings, and inhibiting the areas which were once the sponge for urban floods have caused massive hardships for urban governance and the controlling authorities. Sufferers are the common masses, especially the marginal sections of society, mostly the urban poor. Bangalore, the Silicon Valley of India is facing a burning problem of urban mismanagement in terms of traffic, Urban land use, and water availability. Bangalore is the hub of India’s software revolution which employs the youth from across the country. The demand for housing is met by the haphazard construction of residential apartments often encroaching on the waterlogged low-lying land. Many lakes visible 40 years ago have vanished from the map. They are now in residential & commercial use. The natural channels are all modified and blocked, so the water cannot find its path to drain thereby choking the city and low-lying areas. This paper explores how Bangalore, once a sustainable city transformed into a city with multiple urban problems and why it is still a widely accepted residential preference among the youth equipped with innovative technologies and upcoming start-ups.

Rice Straw Management Practices in Rupandehi District, Nepal

Rice straw management has been a serious issue after the increasing use of combine harvesters to harvest rice in southern plains of Nepal since these machines cut rice 15-20 cm above the ground and leaves huge amount of residues in the field. A face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire survey was carried out in 60 households of straw burning, and 60 households of straw incorporation to find out straw management practices adopted by farmers, their motive behind choosing those practices and timing of carrying out those practices. Farmers practicing those straw management practices for at least five years was considered as final respondent. Respondents were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Survey was carried out in six places of Rupandehi district where the problem of rice residue burning is severe mainly due to the use of combine harvesters in rice and wheat. Study resulted soil fertility enhancement as the primary reason behind both straw burning practice as well as straw incorporation practice adopted by farmers. Timing of rice straw burning was within 1 week of harvesting rice by majority of farmers. Timing of soil incorporation of rice straw followed by majority of farmers was 8-12 days after harvesting rice. Straw burning results the nutrients imbalance and creates environmental pollution. So, soil incorporation of rice straw is suggested to return nutrients back to the soil.

Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Women & Its Homoeopathic Management

Anaemia is an important public health concern and is a burning problem faced mainly by women from childhood to menopausal age, affecting almost 25% of the global population. In India, more than 50% of the children, non-pregnant and pregnant women being affected by this condition. Amongst anaemia, Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Iron is necessary for various functioning of body including formation of haemoglobin, brain development and regulation of body temperature, muscle activity, and catecholamine metabolism. Lack of iron directly affects the immune system; it diminishes the number of T-cells and the production of antibodies. Besides haemoglobin, iron is a component of myoglobin, the cytochromes, catalase and certain enzyme systems. Iron is essential for binding oxygen to the blood cells. The central function of iron is "oxygen transport", and cell respiration. Keywords: India, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, anaemia, PBF- peripheral blood smear.

Fuzzy Soft Sets and Decision Making in Ideal Nutrition

Issues in daily life, where making the best decisions is crucial, are frequently encountered. But, in the majority of these situations, the best course of action is uncertain. We must take into account a number of parameters in order to find the best possible solution to these difficulties. The best mathematical instrument for this is fuzzy soft set FSS theory in decision making. Nutrition is the process of supplying cells and organisms with the nutrients they need to grow and thrive and to sustain life. A healthy diet has the potential to prevent or mitigate numerous prevalent health issues. The purpose of this paper is to select a burning problem for the nutrition of students and successfully apply the FSS theory in decision making. We aim to prove that the approach to decision-making problems with imprecise data via FSSs is more accurate than other types of approaches, and we present a new approach to the FSS model and its applications in decision-making problems.

Role of Kanchnar Guggulu in Ovarian Dermoid Cyst

Today we see the age of menarche has dropped to as 10 years of age. In fast growing world, over workload, pesticides rich food, hormone-based fruits and vegetables, stress, over ambition, avoiding pregnancy all are the major causes of these new diseases in modern woman. Premenstrual syndrome, irregular menses, ovarian cyst, uterine fibroids are commonly seen now a days. Due to defective lifestyle of women in modern era, ovarian cyst has become a burning problem in current scenario affecting all age group of women. There is no such effective treatment in modern science rather hormonal therapy and laparoscopy and hormonal therapy has its own harms, regardless of the presence of this disease laparoscopy or surgical management is certainly a treatment option; it is not necessarily the only option. Hormonal therapy is not a ‘cure’. Due to limitation of Modern science, Ayurveda has a great scope in this filed. This is the high time to develop an effective Ayurvedic treatment protocol for its prevention & cure.

YONIDHAWAN KARMA IN KAPHAJ YONIVYAPDA: LITERATURE REVIEW

A healthy woman is a promise to a healthy family & woman's health status is a complex arrangement controlled by a range of factors headed by her reproductive system. Infections pertaining to yoni are a burning problem for women irrespective of their age & socio-economic status. For the woman, it becomes very irritating as it affects her concentration & hampers her day-to-day life. It may lead to psychological upset, depression and thus affect a woman’s personality. In Ayurveda, gynaecological disorders have found immense importance in the field of medicine due to the fact that women have that unique ability to give birth. In Ayurveda, woman's healthcare is described in a separate section under the name of yonivyapada, including the majority of gynaecological disorders. The complaints of kaphaj yonivyapad are Yonigata strav, kandu, picchila strav, aplavedana, avedana 1 For the treatment of Kaphaja Yonivyapda Stanikchikitasa like Yonidhavan, Yonidhupan, Vartidharan, Yonipuran, Yoniprakshalan describe in Sanhita. Out of this, Yonidhavan found it effective in Kaphaj Yonivyapada. Yonidhavan means cleaning or purification of the yoni. Here effort has been put forth to make a conceptual study of Yonidhavan Karma in Kaphaj Yonivyapda.

Smoking prevalence among adults in households with children: parental survey

The effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on the health of adults and children remain one of the most burning problem in our days. In 2019 the prevalence of active smoking in Ukraine reached 42.0 among men and 14.4% among women. The negative effects of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure are most significant in children under 5 years of life, especially in families with smoking mothers. The goal of the study was to assess the current smoking prevalence in families with children, including the use of modern electronic nicotine delivery devices. A self-reported survey of 414 families living in Odessa and Odessa region (Ukraine) was conducted. All questionnaires were divided into two groups depending on the presence of tobacco smoke exposure. To asses the factor's relevance the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. The prevalence of smoking in families was associated with the age of the father up to 30 years (16.13 [95% CI 11.54–22.09]%; OR 2.73 [1.42–5.25]), mother’s and father’s low education lever (OR 2.73 [1.42–5.25] and 2.70 [1.64–4.44]), as well as with the residence of the family in the city (OR 4.30). The prevalence of smoking exposure was not associated with the income level or number of household members. The prevalence of smoking in women before pregnancy was more than 20%, and during pregnancy – 10%. After delivery women smoked in 23.91 (95% CI 20.06-28.25)% of cases. Proportion of families where smoked someone other than the mother reached 42.75 (95% CI 38.08–47.56)%. Other family members smoking negatively affected mothers’ tobacco consumption, both before and after childbirth. After pregnancy, women used both smoked tobacco and noncombustible forms of nicotine (51.52 vs 48.48%) with the same frequency. Other family members consumed smoking tobacco more often than e-cigarettes. All smokers who used electronic nicotine delivery devices more likely smoked at home (OR 5.33 [95% CI 0.53–54.04]).

ОГЛЯД ІСНУЮЧИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ЯКОСТІ ПОВІТРЯ ДЛЯ ВПЛИВУ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ НА ЗДОРОВ’Я ЛЮДИНИ

The article studies the acute issues of global climate change, models which fight them, its impact on human's health - which today is one of the most burning problems of the world. Analysis of different sources dealing with climate changes in the second h

AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF LEUCORRHOEA

Leucorrhoea is one of the most common and burning problems faced by women all around the globe. Leucorrhoea may be physiological but when turning into a pathological condition, produce associated symptoms like itching vulva, backache, and anxiety in females suffering from the entity. Various factors like fungal, parasite, bacterial, and sexually transmitted diseases are responsible for the causation of this disease. Leucorrhoea in Ayurveda known as Shweta Pradar is predominantly due to Kapha Dosha and which is a symptom that is not a disease. Leucorrhoea can be treated both by external applications and internal medications as described in the literature. In this article, an effort has been made to compile the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and all non-conventional therapies available to treat Leucorrhea. The nature of this work is reviewing type based on traditional Indian wisdom; the materials were collected from Ayurvedic Samhitas like Charak & Sushruta Samhita etc. The texts books on Gynecology were also reviewed to make the work relevant. Various research on leucorrhea was reviewed using search engines like Pubmed to assess the efficacy of various interventions used for leucorrhoea.

Management of <i>Garbhashayhat vata</i> (Atrophic uterus) Through Ayurveda - A Case Report

Infertility is a burning problem all over the globe. Many couples yearn to have babies in their life. Infertility is very common issue faced by many couples from years. They use conventional type of therapy for many years and then approach Ayurveda. Vandhyatva is term used in Ayurveda for sterility. This sterility comes due to many factors occurring inside and outside of the body. Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu and Beej are the Garbhautpadkar bhava (factors important for fertilization and implantation) which are immensely important for normal fertilization and attachment of the foetus in the womb. Disorder in any of the above factor can cause infertility. Kshetra means the site where the foetus will reside. It should be normal and healthy for its survival. Derangement or pathology in it may cause failure to conceive. There are various problems which causes pathology in uterus such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibrosis and atrophy are a few of them. In this case report, we have a 32 years old female patient with small uterus and an irregular menstruation. The cause for her infertility was long term use of hormonal therapy for contraception purpose. She was advised to do Panchkarma for eight days and herbomineral formulations were prescribed to her for five months. After 3 months, she got her regular menses. USG pelvis before and after treatment were advised to her and positive results were obtained with Ayurvedic treatment.

A centrality based genetic algorithm for the graph burning problem

Information spread is an intriguing topic to study in network science, which investigates how information, influence, or contagion propagate through networks. Graph burning is a simplified deterministic model for how information spreads within networks. The complicated NP-complete nature of the problem makes it computationally difficult to solve using exact algorithms. Accordingly, a number of heuristics and approximation algorithms have been proposed in the literature for the graph burning problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient genetic algorithm called Centrality BAsed Genetic-algorithm (CBAG) for solving the graph burning problem. Considering the unique characteristics of the graph burning problem, we introduce novel genetic operators, chromosome representation, and evaluation method. In the proposed algorithm, the well-known betweenness centrality is used as the backbone of our chromosome initialization procedure. The proposed algorithm is implemented and compared with previous heuristics and approximation algorithms on 15 benchmark graphs of different sizes. Based on the results, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance in comparison to the previous state-of-the-art heuristics. The complete source code is available online and can be used to find optimal or near-optimal solutions for the graph burning problem.

Ayurvedic Management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Diabetic Neuropathy: A Case Study

Diabetes is a burning problem of modern world and is associated with multiple complications. All oral hyoglycemic drugs and insulin used in modern medicine only help to lower blood sugar of body. The biological medicines are only available treatments which have limited effect and carrying many serious adverse effects. Purpose: The conventional medicine has its own limitation in this disease condition, it only help to lower blood sugar level of body and in a long run it has shown its side effects. They neither able to correct the pathology nor helpful to protect vital organs of the body and to prevent further complications. Ayurvedic treatment approaches are helpful in this disease. With the changing demand and awareness among these days, the role of Ayurveda is an emerging reality. Brief case history: A 49-year-old, married, Hindu male patient visited PD Patel Ayurvedic Hospital on 9th November 2021. He had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes above 11 years and received medication for this. He was taking Tab. Metformine since last 11 years. He had chief complains of Madhuryamasyata, Karapadadaha, Pipasadhikya, Mootraadhikya since last 11 years, and other associated complains were Kshudha Vriddhi, Atichinta, and Nidravriddhi since last 4 months. He had gradually increased body weight in last year 2 years. He had been admitted and treated with Virechna karma and Basti chikitsa and oral Ayurvedic medicines for one month. After one month of treatment, he is continuing oral medicines only and he regularly comes for following up in OPD. Now on the second follow up patient had much improvement in above symptoms. His blood sugar level and weight were also reduced significantly. Result: He got an excellent result with complete relief from all symptoms as well as marked reduction in objective criteria (lab investigation) within 1 month.