Bulk Density Tests Research Articles

Relationship between Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Powder Factor of Marble at Selected Deposits

The study was carried out to determine how the Powder Factors of marble in selected sites in Kwara and Oyo States, Nigeria i.e., Eleja Marble deposit, Oreke Marble deposit and Morlap Marble deposit, Igbetti are influenced by Uniaxial Compressive Strength, and tensile strength of the rocks. The Geographical co-ordinates of the sites and depth of the drilled holes were taken and recorded, the area of each of the sites were also determined using Auto CAD software. The fresh samples of marble from the sites were taken to laboratory where Schmidt value, bulk density tests, and Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) were determined. The UCS for Oreke was 100 MPa, Eleja 110 MPa, while Igbetti A and B are 95 MPa and 110 MPa respectively. The Tensile Strength for Oreke was 0.01485 MPa, Eleja 0.0123MPa, while Igbetti A and B were 0.01125 MPa and 0.00705 MPa respectively. The sites were subjected to similar drilling patterns. A graph was plotted to determine the relationship between the Powder Factor and Uniaxial Compressive Strength. The relationship between Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Powder Factor was Linear with correlation of about 0.8.

Recycled granulates manufacturing from spent refractory wastes and magnesium based binder

This paper analyzes the ability of two Spent Refractory Wastes (SRW) for the manufacturing of recycled granulates for construction applications. A binary magnesium oxide and ground granulated blast furnace slag hydraulic binder was considered as an agglomerating agent for the granulates manufacturing. Influence of curing atmosphere was carried out: in air, 20 % CO2 and 100 % CO2 atmosphere up to 28 days. Granulometry, thermal analysis, particle density, bulk density, water absorption and mechanical strength tests were performed to characterize the granulates. SRW showed their ability for the granulates manufacturing. Results demonstrated the existence of a residual reactivity of the wastes considered. A direct relationship between the CO2 content of the curing atmosphere and the granulates hydration degree was observed. Carbonation process increased from 7 days to 28 days and direct relationships were observed between the CO2 content and the carbonation degree as well as between the binder dosage and the carbonation degree. CO2 curing reduced the water absorption and increased the compressive strength of the granulates.

Improving asphalt concrete resistance to rapid freeze–thaw effect using HIPS polymer

Two methods of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) polymer addition to asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures were used to evaluate the effect of freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the performance of unmodified AC and AC modified by using supplementary and additional HIPS polymer as asphalt aggregates. Various polymer contents were used to modify AC in both methods – namely, 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Marshall stability, flow, bulk density and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were performed on control and modified samples. A non-destructive test was performed by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity method. In the first method, replacing the mineral filler in AC with 10% HIPS polymer increased the density by 1%, the stability by 113%, the retained stability by 52% and the ITS by 56% compared with those of the control specimen. The results also show a 14% reduction in the damage caused by 8 weeks of FT cycles for modified AC compared with that of unmodified AC. However, modifying AC by using the second method did not provide promising results. The velocity within the specimen dropped by 20.9% at 10% HIPS addition before the FT effect compared with that of the control. The results of the first method revealed the feasibility of improving AC by using HIPS polymer to resist effective FT cycles.

A DEM-Based Modeling Method and Simulation Parameter Selection for Cyperus esculentus Seeds

To build a DEM model of Cyperus esculentus seed particles, the shape and size of the Cyperus esculentus seed particles were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the dispersity in size had a normal distribution. Additionally, a certain functional relationship between the primary dimension and secondary dimensions was determined. The width of the seed was the primary dimension, and the other secondary dimensions (length and thickness) were calculated based on their relationships with the primary dimension. On this basis, an approach for modeling Cyperus esculentus seed particles based on the multi-sphere (MS) method was proposed. The discrete element analysis models of three varieties of Cyperus esculentus seeds were established with different numbers of filing spheres. Moreover, to obtain more accurate simulation parameters, first, a range of values of the simulation parameters was obtained by the experimental method. Second, the Plackett–Burman (PB) test and the path of steepest ascent method were both adopted to correct and calibrate the simulation parameters, which were difficult to obtain through experiments, and simulation of the direct shear test was used for calibration. All of the methods guaranteed that the selected parameters were reasonable. The test results showed that the static friction coefficient of seed–seed had a significant effect on the simulation results. Finally, piling tests and the bulk density test were used for modeling verification. By comparing the simulated results and experimental results in the piling tests and bulk density test, when the number of filing spheres increased, the simulated results were close to those obtained experimentally. Therefore, the feasibility and validity of the modeling method for Cyperus esculentus seed particles that we proposed and the simulation parameters that were obtained were verified.

Development of a Portland Cement-Based Material with Agave salmiana Leaves Bioaggregate.

Depending on the morphology of the natural fibers, they can be used as reinforcement to improve flexural strength in cement-based composites or as aggregates to improve thermal conductivity properties. In this last aspect, hemp, coconut, flax, sunflower, and corn fibers have been used extensively, and further study is expected into different bioaggregates that allow diversifying of the raw materials. The objective of the research was to develop plant-based concretes with a matrix based on Portland cement and an aggregate of Agave salmiana (AS) leaves, obtained from the residues of the tequila industry that have no current purpose, as a total replacement for the calcareous aggregates commonly used in the manufacturing of mortars and whose extraction is associated with high levels of pollution, to improve their thermal properties and reduce the energy demand for air conditioning in homes. Characterization tests were carried out on the raw materials and the vegetal aggregate was processed to improve its compatibility with the cement paste through four different treatments: (a) freezing (T/C), (b) hornification (T/H), (c) sodium hydroxide (T/NaOH), and (d) solid paraffin (T/P). The effect of the treatments on the physical properties of the resulting composite was evaluated by studying the vegetal concrete under thermal conductivity, bulk density, and compressive strength tests with a volumetric ratio between the vegetal aggregate and the cement paste of 0.36 and a water/cement ratio of 0.35. The hornification treatment showed a 15.2% decrease in the water absorption capacity of the aggregate, resulting in a composite with a thermal conductivity of 0.49 W/mK and a compressive strength of 8.66 MPa, which allows its utilization as a construction material to produce prefabricated blocks.

Comparison of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Construction Materials Added Profillite and Zeolite

Bu araştırmada bazalt agregalı yapı malzemesine zeolit ve profillit katkıları eklenerek performans etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Malzeme olarak, Adana/Osmaniye bazaltları, Malatya/Pütürge profillitleri ve Manisa Gördes zeolitleri kullanılmıştır. Beton deneylerinde Su-çimento oranı sabit tutularak, ana bazalt agrega oranı %80, 75, 70, 65 ile profillit ve zeolit oranları % 0, 5, 10 ve 15 olarak ayarlanmıştır. Katkısız beton (sadece %80 bazalt) ve 6 farklı reçete ile (bazalt+profillit ve bazalt+zeolit) beton üretilmiştir. 28 günlük kür bekleme sonucunda beton numuneleri üzerinde basınç dayanımı, eğilme dayanımı, ısıl iletkenlik ve kuru yığın yoğunluk deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre; %5’lik profillit ve zeolitin basınç ve eğilme dayanımlarının en yüksek seviyelerde olduğu saptanmıştır. %75 bazalt ve %5 zeolit oranında basınç dayanımı 27,65 MPa, eğilme dayanımı 5,45 MPa, ısıl iletkenlik değeri 1,21 W/m.K ve kuru yığın yoğunluk 2052 kg/m3 olarak saptanmıştır. %75 bazalt ve %5 profillit oranında basınç dayanımı 21,65 MPa, eğilme dayanımı 5,95 MPa, ısıl iletkenlik 1,21 W/m.K ve kuru yığın yoğunluk 2029 kg/m3 değerinde ölçülmüş ve malzemenin hafif beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Dayanıklı hafif beton eldesi için her iki malzeme (zeolit ve profillit)’nin aynı beton reçetesinde kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Modelling Method and Application of Anti-Corrosion Pill Particles in Oil and Gas Field Wellbore Casing Annulus Based on the Discrete Element Method

This study uses a self-developed anti-corrosion pill particle as the research object and develops the pill particle population modelling method in order to optimize the anti-corrosion process of oil and gas wellbore casing annuli. The shape of the pill particle is similar to a cylinder, according to the test and analysis of geometrical characteristics, and can be simplified into three types based on height, namely pill particles A (5.4 mm), B (5.8 mm), and C (6.2 mm). The multi-sphere approach is then used to create models of three different types of pill particles with varying degrees of precision. The feasibility and effectiveness of the modelling method for pill particle populations are proven by comparing the simulation results of the bulk density test and the angle of repose test. The results show that the 12-sphere models of pill particles A, B, and C are accurate representations of genuine pill particle morphologies and are adequate for simulating particle mechanics and flow processes. The applicability and practical use of the modelling method are then demonstrated using an example of a self-designed pill particle discharging mechanism. The results show that the modelling method can accurately simulate the pill discharging process and provide an accurate simulation model and theoretical basis for the optimization of the structural parameters, dimension parameters, and operating parameters of the discharging device.

Development of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Effect of Tractor Speed on Soil Compaction Using Penetrologger Test Results

African agriculture is adversely impacted by arable soil compaction, the degree of which is affected by the speed at which the tractor is maneuvered on the fields, which affects the degree of soil compaction. However, there is no reliable, existing mathematical correlation between the extent of compaction on the one hand, and the tractor speed/s and soil moisture levels on the other. This paper bridges this gap in knowledge by resorting to the artificial neural networks (ANNs) method to predict the effects of tractor speed and soil moisture on the state of soil compaction. The models were ‘trained’ with penetration resistance (CPR) and bulk density test data obtained from field measurements. The resulting correlation coefficient (R = 0.9) showed good compliance of the prediction made with the ANN models with on-field data. It follows, thereby, that the model developed by the authors in this study can be effectively used for predicting the effects of speed, soil density, and moisture content on compaction of alluvial, poorly developed soil with much greater precision, thereby providing guidance to farmers around the world.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Hardness of Bioactive Glass/Cordierite

In this study, a composite of bioactive glass and cordierite (BG/cordierite) was proposed to increase the strength of bioactive glass (BG). Both BG and cordierite were separately synthesized with the method of glass melting and used to fabricate BG/cordierite with sintering temperature in the range from 600 to 1000 °C. The BG/cordierite were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), density, bulk density, porosity and hardness test. The XRD pattern shows amorphous phase and crystalline phase such as combeite, wollastonite and larnite appeared after sintering. The highest hardness value show by BG/cordierite with sintering temperature 950 °C (BG/C950) with 251 Hv.

Influence of organic addition on strength and durability of lime mortar prepared with clay aggregate

Lime mortar is used for restoration of heritage building and for recreating those using traditional methods. This paper deals with the study of mechanical and physico-chemical properties of organic treated lime mortar prepared with clay aggregate. Lime to clay ratio was taken as 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, with kaolinite and bentonite as two different clay aggregates. Zante currant (Vitis vinifera) was added as the organic admixture with concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% for casting of the specimen. Water absorption, bulk density and porosity tests were performed to find the physical properties. Compressive strength test was done to measure the mechanical resistance. Chemical analysis such as XRD and FTIR were carried out to understand the mineralogical transformations in the specimen. Capillary rise test was conducted to interpret the durability properties of lime mortar. It was observed that on the 90th day lime mortar prepared with kaolinite and 4% organic showed higher strength. The physico-chemical and mechanical results show improvement in the hydration and carbonation phases of the lime mortar due to increased calcite formation on organic addition. The organic addition also reduces intake of water, which reduces the pore size distribution, increasing the durability and strength of lime mortar.

Reuse of Industrial Metal Wastes as Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Mortar Production

Sustainable waste management is becoming more and more important in the construction industry due to increasing waste costs as well as environmental effects. As a result of increasing level of wastes and environmental damage, the use of these wastes has become the focus for beneficial construction activities and sustainable industrial applications. This study presents experimental results on the effect of industrial wastes on the performance of cementitious mixtures. The scope of this study, therefore, was to assess the effect of waste aluminium on physical and mechanical properties of cement based mixtures prepared in different compositions. Consistency, bulk density, porosity, absorption, flexural and compressive strength tests were carried out on mixtures produced by using waste aluminium aggregates in different percentages instead of fine aggregate. Results showed that mixtures prepared with 4% aluminium aggregates had the highest water absorption and porosity. With the addition of %1 lathe waste, it was observed that the flexural behavior of mortar was maximum and the optimum percentage for flexural strength was noted. In addition, when mixtures produced with the same percentage of aluminium were compared, the amount of binder played a significant role on both compressive and flexural strength. Results have shown that to incorporate aluminium into mixtures can be a suitable solution for recycling in industrial applications.

Powder filling of electrospun material in vials: A proof-of-concept study

The present paper reports the powder filling of milled electrospun materials in vials, which contained voriconazole and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. High-speed electrospinning was used for the production of the fibrous sample, which was divided into 6 parts. Each portion was milled using different milling methods and sizes of sieves to investigate whether the milling influences the powder and filling properties. Bulk and tapped density tests, laser diffraction and angle of repose measurements were applied to characterize the milled powders, while a vibratory feeder was used for the feeding experiments. The correlation between the material property descriptors and the feeding responses was investigated by multivariate data analysis. Based on the results, three samples were chosen for the vial filling, which was accomplished with 3400 mg electrospun material containing 200 mg voriconazole, representative of the commercial product. The feed rate was set to fit the 240 g/h production rate of the electrospinning and the relative standard deviation of three repeated vial filling was determined to see the accuracy of the process. This research shows that by applying a suitable milling method it is possible to process electrospun fibers to a powder, which can be filled into vials and used as reconstitution dosage forms.

Effect of Germination Period on Some Functional and Engineering Properties of Sorghum Flour

Sorghum (red and white) were germinated for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h to determine the effect of germination on some functional and engineering properties of sorghum flour. The bulk density results for the red and white germinated sorghum are 0.620-0.673 g/cm3 and 0.477-0.620 g/cm3, respectively. Water absorption capacity values for the two samples are 116.630-125.970% and 81.643-98.293% while the oil absorption capacity ranged from 62.917 to 85.750% and 44.933 to 61.980%, respectively for the two samples. The dispersibility test for the two samples gave 85.67-87.33% and 83.00-84.67%. The swelling power at 55 °C are 2.54-2.67 and 2.70-3.26, at 75 °C, 3.62-4.68 and 3.85-4.56, and at 90 °C, 2.98-4.79 and 6.29-7.23, respectively for the two samples. For the engineering properties, the specific heat capacity ranged from 0.14 to 0.45 kJ/kg K and 0.12 to 0.14 kJ/kg K, thermal conductivity, from 0.55 to 1.67 W/mK and 1.01 to 1.24 W/mK and thermal diffusivity from 0.13 to 0.82 m2/s and 0.11 to 0.12 m2/s, respectively for red and white germinated sorghum flours. It can be concluded from this study that increased the values of bulk density, WAC, OAC, and dispersibility test of the two samples with the increase in germination period with the optimum germination period of 72 h. Engineering properties results indicated that germination had a beneficial effect on the thermal conductivity of the germinated red sorghum and the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the white germinated sorghum with 96 h having the best result for both samples.

Breakdown of dry aggregates by water drops after applications of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes

Evaluation of soil properties that enable aggregates to resist breakdown from impacting water drops is useful in modeling soil erosion process and tillage of some tropical soils. The effect of applications of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes on soil properties related to resistance of aggregates of a degraded ultisol to water drops detachment energy (D) in southern Nigeria was studied. The area was under continuous field trials for maize crop. The treatments were: control (PM0SM0), 5 and 10 t ha−1 poultry manure (PM5 and PM10, respectively), 5 and 10 t ha−1 spent mushroom wastes (SM5 and SM10, respectively), and 5 t ha−1 poultry manure plus 5 t ha−1 spent mushroom wastes (PM5 + SM5) applied in seven consecutive years. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in five replications. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, organic matter, aggregate stability, water retention, bulk density, clay mineralogy and water drop test. Results revealed that seven-year applications of PM5, SM5, SM10, and PM5 + SM5 treatments had significant positive effects on soil structural and hydraulic properties than PM10. However, in comparison to PM0SM0, applications of 10 t ha−1 PM had significant positive effects on these properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was 46.6, 35.4, 32.6 and 25.5 cm h−1 in PM5 + SM5, SM10, SM5 and PM10 soils, respectively; compared to 9.6 cm h−1 in PM0SM0. A low aggregate ratio (AR) obtained for PM10 compared to higher values for SM10 and PM5 + SM5 suggest that PM10 in this case had a disaggregating effect on the soil aggregates. Sand content accounted for 81.2% of negative effect on water drop detachment energy (D), while clay content accounted for 86.8% of the positive correlation with D. Only water-stable aggregates (WSA) 0.5–0.25 mm had a significant positive correlation with D (r = 0.661, p < 0.05). Clay dispersion index (CDI) had a highly negative correlation with D (r = − 0.896, p < 0.01). Volumetric water content at FC (− 10 kPa) and PWP (− 1500 kPa) correlated positively with D (r = 0.618, P < 0.05 and r = 0.614, p < 0.05). There was a non-significant positive correlation of Muscovite and Berlinite with D. Significant positive correlations of calcite with D (r = 0.694, p < 0.05), and between mica and D (r = 0.731, p < 0.05), revealed their strong linkage with macro-aggregate stability. It was found that high rates of poultry manure alone could increased erodibility and decreased water retention at FC and PWP, while a combination of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes could reduce erodibility. These properties could be used to make a quick inference on the resistance of soil aggregates to water drop impact.

Influence of Mechanical and Mineralogical Activation of Biomass Fly Ash on the Compressive Strength Development of Cement Mortars.

Biomass combustion is a significant new source of green energy in the European Union. The adequate utilization of byproducts created during that process is a growing challenge for the energy industry. Biomass fly ash could be used in cement composite production after appropriate activation of that material. This study had been conducted to assess the usefulness of mechanical and physical activation methods (grinding and sieving), as well as activation through the addition of active silica in the form of silica fume, as potential methods with which to activate biomass fly ash. Setting time, compressive strength, water absorption and bulk density tests were performed on fresh and hardened mortar. While all activation methods influenced the compressive strength development of cement mortar with fly ash, sieving of the biomass fly ash enhanced the early compressive strength of cement mortar. The use of active silica in the form of silica fume ensured higher compressive strength results than those of control specimens throughout the entire measurement period.

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Khaya senegalensis Solid Fuel Pellet with Different Binder Percentages

The characteristics of the solid fuel pellets, such as its strength, durability and density can be used to assess its quality. During the transport and storage, pellets with low strength and durability produces dusts and ultimately resulting in equipment blockage, high pollution emissions, and an increased risk of fire and explosion. Therefore, pellet manufacturing process should be given priority to improve pellet quality. The use of binder in the production of pellets will aid in improving pellet quality. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of different binder percentages on the mechanical properties of K. senegelensis fuel pellets. Durability, unit density, bulk density and diametral compressive strength testing were carried out in compliance with international standards. It was discovered that pellets containing 4% cassava starch binder produces better results, particularly in terms of durability and compressive ldiametral strength.

Environmental assessment of gully erosion in parts of Enugu north, Southeastern Nigeria

Objectives: To assess gully erosion in parts of Enugu north, Southeastern Nigeria using some geotechnical parameters. Method: The soil samples were collected from different gully point and some geotechnical parameters was analyzed in Soil Science Department, University of Nigeria in accordance with the specified standard procedures. Finding: The assessment of gully erosion inparts of Enugu north, southeastern Nigeria, has been carried out. Soil samples were collected from the four major gully points, at the depth range of 0.5 to 1.0m using soil auger, core samplers and hammer. The soil classification shows that the textural characteristics were predominantly sandy, loamy and clayey. Liquid limit (LL) ranged from 16.67 to 46.89%. Plastic limit (PL) was 33.45% in Igbo-Eze South and 22.38% in Nsukka. None plastic limit were observed in Igbo-Eze North and Udenu. Percentage plasticity index (PI) of 13.44% was depictedin Igbo-Eze South and 9.90% in Nsukka. Zero plasticity indexes were noted in Igbo-Eze North and Udenu. Bulk density test ranged from 1.39 to 1.56 g/cm3. Porosity ranged from 41.13 to 47.55%. The hydraulic conductivity and moisture content are ranged from 8.89 to 22.73 m/day and 7.07 to 31.73% respectively.These results indicate presence of coarse sand, fine sand, low amount of clay and silt in small proportion, loosed soil with low binding materials, instability of soil structure, low moisture content and other bio-activities that contribute to the rate of increase of gully erosion in the study area. Novelty : The estimated geotechnical parameters, including Atterberg limit (plastic limit, liquid limit and plasticity index), hydraulic conductivity of the soil, soil aggregate stability, particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity proffers solutions to the gully problem in the area. Keywords: Enugu north; gully erosion; geotechnical

Correlation between various mechanical properties of porous limestones from Hungary

This study focuses on the mechanical parameters of Miocene limestones from Hungary. Four different lithotypes of porous limestone from two localities were analysed in laboratory conditions. These lithologies have been widely used for centuries as construction material in Central Europe. One type of the Badenian Leithakalk limestone, which is a bioclastic grainstone containing molluscs, foraminifera and Lithothamnium and three types of Sarmatian porous limestone; a fine-grained, medium-grained and a coarse-grained bioclastic lithotype were compared in laboratory conditions. Bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, uniaxial compressive and tensile strength tests were performed to obtain data set for correlation analysis. With water saturation under atmospheric pressure, the uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of all studied lithotypes were reduced significantly. A good correlation between dry bulk density and apparent porosity was found for two lithotypes; meanwhile, for the two other lithotypes a less significant relationship was found. Bulk density correlates with uniaxial compressive strength and with tensile strength for all lithologies. However, a significant difference was found in the coefficients of determination of the different lithotypes. The coefficients in air-dry conditions were over 70%, but they became smaller after water saturation. According to these results, microstructure, porosity, and water saturation influence porous limestones’ damage mechanism.

Sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of High-Q Li2(Mg1−xZnx)3Ti(O0.96F0.08)6 ceramics for LTCC application

Li2(Mg1−xZnx)3Ti(O0.96F0.08)6 (LMZTF) ceramics were fabricated through the solid-state reaction method. All samples diffraction peaks belong to Zn2TiO4 and Li2Mg3TiO6. The SEM characterization and bulk density testing demonstrated the uniform microstructure of LMZTF ceramics. In this work, the dielectric loss of Li2Mg3Ti(O0.96F0.08)6 ceramics was greatly reduced through ion doping. The High-Q Li2(Mg0.98Zn0.02)3Ti(O0.96F0.08)6 ceramics sintered at 950 °C for 6 h possessed outgoing microwave dielectric properties: εr ~14.64, Q × f ~128,000 GHz, τf ~ −33.9 ppm/°C, which made it a promising candidate for low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications.

Application of Concretes Made with Glass Powder Binder at High Replacement Rates.

Glass is a material that can be reused, except for a small part that, due to its residual characteristics, cannot be reused and becomes a nonbiodegradable waste to accumulate in landfills. The chemical composition and pozzolanic properties of waste glass are encouraging for the use of these wastes in the cement and concrete industries and for providing technically and environmentally viable solutions. In this study, we propose the production of deactivated concretes with a high content of glass powder in the binder. The substitution percentage of glass powder for cement used in this work was between 70% and 80%. Consistency, air content, bulk density, workability, compression strength, and permeability tests were performed. Regarding compressive strength, the results obtained at 90 days for percentages of cement substitution by glass powder of 70 and 80%, respectively, were 14.2 and 8.6. The chemical analysis of leachates showed concentrations of Fe, Cu, V, Ni, and Mo, in mg L−1, of 1.57, 1.38, 0.85, 0.95, and 0.44, respectively. The results obtained, compared with the relevant legislation, have proved that the inclusion of glass powder in a high percentage of substitution and with a granulometry of 20 µm in the manufacture of deactivated concretes is feasible for exterior pavements.