Buildings In Jakarta Research Articles

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION OF DOMESTIC WWTP OFFICE BUILDING AND ALTERNATIVE TO OVERCOME THEM (CASE STUDY : PT. USAHA GEDUNG BDN, JAKARTA)

In general, the main problem of domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for office buildings in Jakarta is the incompatibility between the surface load of wastewater and the capacity of WWTP. At the beginning a capacity of WWTP is already predetermined and corresponding to the rate of wastewater generated. But because of the demands of the means for the benefit of various business, so that the capacities of the office building should be developed. This case occurred on PT. Usaha Gedung BDN. Four environmental parameters, namely TSS, Ammonia, Grease & Oil and COD, produced from the WWTP still exceeded the allowable quality standards. Therefore PT. Usaha Gedung BDN immediately needs WWTP capacity development plan which is adequate. Various types of technology have been widely available and ready to be used to overcome the problems of the WWTP. But on this occasion it is advisable to develop the existing WWTP facilities by adding a new WWTP unit. The first WWTP is functioned as the preliminary processing unit and the new WWTP will become an advanced processing unit. The use of a combination of anaerobic-aerobic biofilter will be relied upon to reduce pollutants that can qualify water quality standards in accordance with applicable regulations.keywords : problem identification, domestic wwtp, advanced processing

PERBANDINGAN PENGENAAN PBB SEKTOR PERDESAAN & PERKOTAAN DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA , BEKASI, & DEPOK BERDASARKAN SPPT PBB TAHUN 2014 & 2015

AbstractTax on Land and Building, Rural and Urban Sector based on the regional regulation may vary fromone region to another. This is because the imposition authority of tax on land and building, rural andurban sectors were handed over to local governments. This study aimed to compare the land andbuilding, Rural and Urban Sector tax policies in DKI Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok, based on SPPT 2014and 2015. In analyzing the problems of the imposition tax on land and building, rural and urbansectors in DKI Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok, information obtained from interviews with tax authorities andfield observations. The land and building, Rural and Urban Sector tax policies in DKI Jakarta, Bekasi,Depok different in terms of tax rates, determination the amount of NJOPTKP, as well as the amountof NJOP. The amount of NJOP in Jakarta is higher and more diverse than the amount of NJOP inDepok and Bekasi. Determination the amount of NJOP in Jakarta also set more frequently, whichevery year than in the city of Depok and Bekasi. This is because the value of land and buildings inJakarta faster rise than in Depok and Bekasi.Keywords: Tax on Land and Building, Rural and Urban Sector, Local Tax.

Life cycle assessment of energy and CO2 emissions for residential buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia

In order to develop low energy and low carbon residential buildings, it is important to understand their detailed energy profiles. This study provides the results of life cycle assessment of energy and CO2 emissions for residential buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia. A survey was conducted in the city in 2012 to obtain both material inventory and household energy consumption data within the selected residential buildings (n=300), which are classified into three categories, namely simple, medium and luxurious houses. The results showed that the average embodied energy of simple, medium and luxurious houses was 58.5, 201.0, and 559.5 GJ, respectively. It was found that total embodied energy of each house can be explained by its total floor area alone with high accuracy in respective house categories. Meanwhile, it was seen that operational energy usage patterns varied largely among house categories as well as households especially in the simple and medium houses. The energy consumption for cooling was found to be the most significant factor of the increase in operational energy from simple to luxurious houses. Further, in the life cycle energy, the operational energy accounted for much larger proportions of about 86-92% than embodied energy regardless of the house categories. The life cycle CO2 emissions for medium and luxurious houses were larger than that of simple houses by 2 and 6 times on average. In the simple houses, cooking was the largest contributor to the CO2 emissions (25%), while the emissions caused by cooling increased largely with the house category and became the largest contributors in the medium (26%) and luxurious houses (41%).

Evaluation of current material stock and future demolition waste for urban residential buildings in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia: embodied energy and CO2 emission analysis

First, this paper evaluates the current building material stock and future demolition waste for urban residential buildings in the cities of Jakarta and Bandung using a material-flow analysis. The actual on-site building measurements were conducted in Jakarta (2012) and Bandung (2011), focusing particularly on unplanned houses, to obtain building material inventory data. A total of 297 houses were investigated in Jakarta, whereas 247 houses were measured in Bandung. Second, this paper analyses the embodied energy and CO2 emissions of building materials through an input–output analysis. The results show that, overall, the total material input intensity for the houses is 2.67 ton/m2 in Jakarta and 2.54 ton/m2 in Bandung. Two scenarios with zero and maximum reuse/recycling rates were designed to predict future demolition waste and the embodied energy/CO2 emissions of building materials in Jakarta. Closed- and open-loop material flows were applied. If the maximum reuse/recycling rates are applied to the closed- and open-loop material flows in Jakarta, then it would become possible to not only decrease the final disposal waste (from 123.9 to 2.1 million ton) but also reduce the corresponding embodied energy (from 247.8 to 192.1 PJ) and CO2 emissions (from 24.3 to 19.2 million ton CO2-eq) compared with the zero reuse/recycling scenario from 2012 to 2020.

Life Cycle Assessment of Energy and CO2 Emissions for Residential Buildings in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to analyze life cycle energy and CO2 emission profiles by employing an input–output analysis method for urban houses in major cities of Indonesia. Two surveys investigating building material inventory and household energy consumption within individual houses were conducted in Bandung in 2011 and 2012. The results show that, if reused and recycled materials were assumed to be zero, the averaged embodied energy for simple, medium and luxurious houses in Bandung was larger than that for their respective houses in Jakarta. Overall, the average annual energy consumption of all samples in Jakarta was approximately 20.6 GJ, which is 5.0 GJ larger than that in Bandung. In terms of life cycle energy, the operational energy accounted for 79%–86% and 69%–81% of the total for respective houses in Jakarta and Bandung. The profiles of life cycle CO2 emissions are similar to those of energy. The results of the scenario analysis prove that the promotion of reusing/recycling is important to reduce building material inputs/waste and their corresponding embodied energy. It is also important to reduce the use of air-conditioning for operational energy in the future by adopting passive cooling techniques wherever possible.

Thermal Comfort Studies in Naturally Ventilated Buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia

Many thermal comfort studies have been conducted in offices, classrooms and dwellings, but few in public buildings such as cathedrals, museums and markets. A recent thermal comfort study has been conducted in three naturally ventilated (NV) buildings, a cathedral, a museum and a market, in Jakarta, between March and April 2014. There is a curiosity as to whether people doing slightly different activities with slightly different clothing insulation values, in different building types, might have different comfort temperatures. Approximately the same number of subjects (respondents) participated in the study of each building. Using the same monitoring equipment, results of this study show that subjects’ comfort temperatures were found to be similar in all of the buildings; however, it was found that the spread of the subjects’ comfort range in the three buildings was significantly different.

Experimental Assessment of Integrated Technology Application Used to Rain (WM4RR) & Floods Reduction (AR-DWIS) in Jakarta

Flood has always been a problem in Indonesia since the colonization era. First flood occurred on January 10th, 1932 on Sabang Street. After Indonesian independence in 1945, significant flood events occurred in 1979 and 2007 has caused 4.3 Trillion IDR (T) economic losses and killed 80 persons), 2013 (20 T), 2014 (12 T), and the latest flood event on 9-10 February 2015 had caused a total loss of 10 T IDR (1$=13,000 IDR). The provincial rules in Jakarta Number 20/2013 stated that the 4% of land covered by building must compensate with 4% holes volume on that area. However, the data shown that ±30% of Jakarta's land surface is located under sea level and most building in Jakarta is not follow those rules. Furthermore, the capacity of all drainage in Jakarta has lower capacity than required and only 30% of that drainage working properly. Nowadays, the open green land of Jakarta is only 9.9% with 1.9% change-land use rate per year. Government of Jakarta has policy mentions that every deep-well exploitations must registered with water tax. To anticipate future floods, BPPT has a flood solution concept by combining two activities, for example rain reduction (Weather Modification for Rain Reduction, WM-4-RR; Seto et. al., 2011), and flood reduction with Artificial Recharge Deep Well Injection System (AR-DWIS; Sudinda et.al., 2006-2009), and technology innovation such as WM-RR & AR-DWIS (Goenawan et.al., 2014). The WM-4-RR & AR-DWIS have proven to be able to reduce flood approximately to 33% as stated by Mohajit et.al. (2014). It was assumed that flood peak in Jakarta is equivalent to 800 m3/s, therefore Jakarta needs until 2000 AR-DWIS in which each capacity is 400 l/s. While, BPPT and Ristek's building has made experiment & development for AR-DWIS (BR-1) since 2006, the capacity is still 1.43 l/s or 85.71 l/minute or 2.057 m3/hour.

The Role of Building Thermal Simulation for Energy Efficient Building Design

In this paper, the results of building thermal simulation of office buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia are presented using the simulation and visualization tool of DesignBuilder, an Energy Plus based dynamic thermal simulation engine. The simulation results show that for new office design, building envelope optimization and utilizing high efficiency office equipment and HVAC system, the annual energy consumption decreased by 43%. For the renovated building, implementing task lighting will reduce the energy consumption by 25%. In addition, applying task lighting with scenario improving glazing material with increasing chiller's efficiency will give additional potential reduction of 30%.

The Role of Wind on Double Skin Facades in High Rise Office Building

There was an indication that high rise buildings in Jakarta was not designed based on energy conservation principles. The most important aspects of the high-rise buildings is energy saving technology located in the building envelope design. Building envelope with a full glass design functions for widening view and enhancing natural lights, even though but it is also increasing energy consumption and thermal discomfort due to the intensity of solar radiation in hot humid climates. During the current decade, the development of double building envelope type (Double Skin Façade: DSF) seemed more just to improve the aesthetics and the use of natural light, while the wind and thermal performance aspects were still lack of serious consideration. Those aspects will be chosen as the subject matter in this research. The research was aimed to investigate and compare the value of heat transfer in the building envelope of high-rise office buildings. Samples were taken from five DSF buildings, with closed and open cavity. CFD software is used for simulation of the five different models of DSF. The research proves that the high-rise office buildings as the research object in Jakarta do not apply energy conservation principle. The utilization of wind in the DSF cavity can reduce temperature and relieve the burden of air conditioning systems that is energy save. An important finding of the research is the need for ventilation in the design of a double skin at high-rise office buildings in the humid tropics.

Comparative Study of Heat Transfer in Double Skin Facades on High-Rise Office Building in Jakarta

Building envelope on high-rise office buildings have an important role of energy consumed. There are many methods and techniques that can be used to achieve this goal through energy efficiency for building envelope in the tropic area. The use of glass material becomes one of the alternatives that offer a more attractive appearance. Although the double skin facades (DSF) has been widely applied, but research on the thermal performance and behavior of the wind is still scarce for the tropics, so it is interesting to note related to energy conservation. To obtain a clear picture of the heat transfer and airflow, the research was conducted on the two office buildings with the same orientation and location but they were different on the building envelope. The study was conducted by the field measurements and simulation using CFD-ACE + software, to determine the performance of the heat transfer and behavior of airflow in the double skin facades. The results indicate that the role of wind on the design building envelope has an influence on the heat transfer and energy savings. Key words: wind, double skin facade, heat transfer, CFD, energy

Central Park Mixed-Use Building in Jakarta

This paper describes challenges during the structural design phase as well as during the construction stage of this mega Central Park Project. Most of the challenges occurred due to the unique architectural design of this mixed-use building, which consists of three 50-floor apartment towers, a 42-floor office tower, a podium mall with 12-floor car park building, a 13-floor hotel building on top of the podium and car park, two layer basement for the entire building complex and a large open space garden at the ground floor. The total floor area is 720,000 square meters. Up to now, this is the largest mixed use project in Indonesia.A series of seismic site response investigation was conducted. The results were then used and combined with other loads which were taken into account in the structural analysis. Wind tunnel test were also performed since the current wind loading code in Indonesia has still not covered cases for tall buildings such as this project. Transfer beams and inclined columns were installed to accommodate some special requirements for the structural frames. Monitoring of building settlements during construction was carried out and the outcomes were then compared with the predicted values obtained as the results of the structural analysis.The construction was started in September 2007. The soft opening ceremony of the mall and the topping off of the whole project was conducted in September 9, 2009 and January 5, 2010 respectively.

Simultaneous detection of Legionella species and Legionella pneumophila by duplex PCR (dPCR) assay in cooling tower water samples from Jakarta, Indonesia

Aim: Since culture method is time-consuming and has low sensitivity, we developed a duplex PCR (dPCR) assay for the detection of Legionella sp. and L. pneumophila in cooling tower samples. We used culture method as a gold standard. Methods: Optimization of dPCR method was performed to obtain an assay with high sensitivity and specifi city. The optimized method was used to detect Legionella sp. dan L. pneumophila in 9 samples obtained from 9 buildings in Jakarta. For culture method, the bacteria were grown or isolated on selective growth factor supplemented-buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) media. Results: Of 9 samples tested by dPCR assay, 6 were positive for Legionella species,1 was positive for L. pneumophila, and 2 showed negative results. For the same samples, no Legionella sp. was detected by the culture method. Conclusion: dPCR assay was much more sensitive than the culture method and was potentially used as a rapid, specifi c and sensitive test for routine detection of Legionella sp. dan for L. pneumophila in water samples. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:223-7)

Indonesian residential high rise buildings: A life cycle energy assessment

This study evaluates the effect of building envelopes on the life cycle energy consumption of high rise residential buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia. For high rise residential buildings, the enclosures contribute 10–50% of the total building cost, 14–17% of the total material mass and 20–30% of the total heat gain. The direct as well as indirect influence of the envelope materials plays an important role in the life cycle energy consumption of buildings. The initial embodied energy of typical double wall and single wall envelopes for high residential buildings is 79.5 GJ and 76.3 GJ, respectively. Over an assumed life span of 40 years, double walls have better energy performance than single walls, 283 GJ versus 480 GJ, respectively. Material selection, which depends not only on embodied energy but also thermal properties, should, therefore, play a crucial role during the design of buildings.

Thermal comfort for the Indonesian workers in Jakarta

This research study tries to establish the neutral temperature and comfort range for the workers engaged in light office work. Some 596 office workers from seven multi‐storey office buildings in Jakarta participated in the study.