Budget Support Research Articles

Systemic Strategic Planning and Budgeting of People-Centered Socio-Economic Development of the State and Regions (Institutionalization of Budgetary Federalism of the Unitary State)

In the article, in the order of formulation and discussion, a methodological approach to the strategic planned budgetary support of the tasks and measures of the human-centric, human-oriented, socio-economic development of the state and regions is substantiated. Using the harmonic proportions of the “Golden Section” (as standard ones), the boundaries of budgetary centralism with budgetary federalism and the scale of the zone of social dialogue between central and regional authorities in budget planning of financial support for the tasks and measures of strategic socio-economic development of the state and regions are determined. Definitions of the essence and content of human-centric socio-economic development and planned budgeting of strategic tasks and tactical measures of state management of the national economy in the conditions of externally imposed free liberalism are given. Keywords systemic strategic planning and budgeting, budgetary powers, financial support, human-centered socio-economic development, institutionalization of a unitary state, budgetary centralism and budgetary federalism, harmonic proportions of the “Golden Section”.

The system of indicators of the financial stability of the local budget as a component of the assessment of the competitive immunity of the region

The article examines the essence of competitive immunity and gives the main stages of evaluating the competitive immunity of the region. There are three blocks for assessing the competitive immunity of the region: information and digital approach; information and digital technologies; value and reputation management. In accordance with the selected blocks, the objects of management influence necessary for assessing the competitive immunity of the region and bringing it to sustainable functioning are defined, namely: production sustainability, financial sustainability, socio-economic sustainability, informational and psychological sustainability, market sustainability, sustainable innovative development, growth of business value, balanced innovative infrastructure and reputation of the region. For one of the important objects of managerial influence, namely, financial stability, a system of indicators of a comprehensive analysis of the financial stability of the local budget as a component of competitive immunity is proposed, which should be considered in three groups: analysis of the balance of the local budget, analysis of financial stability and analysis of budget efficiency. The proposed ratio complex consists of twelve indicators, namely: coefficient of budget coverage, coefficient of budget sustainability, coefficient of general tax stability, coefficient of cost coverage by interbudgetary transfers, coefficient of budget dependence, coefficient of tax independence, coefficient of stability of the income base, the share of equalization grants in the total amount of transfers, local budget deficit ratio, coefficient of budgetary efficiency, coefficient of budgetary support, indicator of stability of the revenue part of the budget. The essence and normative values of the proposed indicators were considered. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the components of the integral indicator of the financial stability of the local budget are considered. The essence and algorithm of the work of Kohonen's neural networks with the aim of its further use for the segmentation of regions based on indicators of financial stability of regions are given.

SpeciesLink: dados valiosos e ferramentas inovadoras para avaliações digitais da biodiversidade

Abstract speciesLink is a large-scale biodiversity information portal that exists thanks to a broad collaborative network of people and institutions. CRIA’s involvement with the scientific community of Brazil and other countries is responsible for the significant results achieved, currently reaching more than 15 million primary biodiversity data records, 95% of which are associated with preserved specimens and about 25% with high-quality digital images. The network provides data on over 200,000 species, of which over 110,000 occur in Brazil. This article describes thematic networks within speciesLink, as well as some of the most useful tools developed. The importance and contributions of speciesLink are outlined, as are concerns about securing stable budgetary support for such biodiversity data e-infrastructures. Here we review the value of speciesLink as a major source of biodiversity information for research, education, informed decision-making, policy development, and bioeconomy.

Interbudgetary transfers as a financial instrument for reducing disparities and intensifying of regional development

Monitoring of socio-economic development of administrative and territorial units was carried out and asymmetry of regional development with a trend towards non-essential reduction of interregional disparities was detected. It was established that the expediency of using interbudgetary transfers is due to the limited resources of local budgets for the proper provision of public services to the population. The reasons for this are the differences in regional development, delegation of powers from the state to local self-government bodies and the need to provide them with a sufficient amount of financial resources. The practice was characterized and the problems of granting subventions to local budgets for the implementation of measures on social and economic development of certain territories were identified. The changes in the amount of budgetary support for the implementation of powers of local self-government bodies as a result of the movement of interbudgetary transfers are analyzed. The algorithm of budget regulation is proposed, which provides for the gradual use of the tools of such regulation and allows to improve the budgetary provision of implementation: delegated powers of local self-government bodies at the expense of state budget resources by ensuring compliance between budgetary resources received from state authorities and their need; their own self-governing powers of local self-government bodies at the expense of directing to their implementation of their own revenues of local budgets in full without diverting part of the budget resources for the implementation of delegated powers. It is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of budget regulation on the basis of the indicator of the level of provision of budgetary resources delegated by the state to local self-government bodies. The article emphasizes the priority of using such a tool of budget regulation as fixed income in the form of national taxes and fees in full or their share and taking into account when calculating the taxability index of local budgets of revenues of all national taxes and fees assigned to them in the volumes determined by the Budget Code of Ukraine.

Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands Joseph Daniel Foukona (bio) As in the previous year, Solomon Islands politics in 2021 continued to be fundamentally colored by the People's Republic of China (PRC)'s direct diplomatic presence in the country since September 2019 and the global upheaval caused by the covid-19 pandemic. The PRC is deliberately expanding its reach across the Pacific as it seeks to attain influence over what has long been a region dominated by other global powers. The deleterious effects of the covid-19 pandemic on economies across the globe have also caused some drawing back by countries hitherto deeply involved in the Pacific. These factors have been central to the policy of the ruling Democratic Coalition Government for Advancement (dcga) and the responses of domestic political actors, which have generated political divisions and mistrust at the national and subnational levels. The government's 2021 budget focus on funding key redirection policy priorities has prompted a Honiara-centric approach. Together, these policies, as well as infrastructure projects, have created a setting in which policy and political dynamics have become highly fragmented, with the dominance of the capital enforced by the declaration of a nationwide state of public emergency. This declaration was justified by the economic crisis brought about by the effects of covid-19 on Solomon Islands. The Central Bank of Solomon Islands' monthly economic bulletins for January and February indicated a decrease in the country's production index, which was due to the weak performance of all major commodities. The bank estimated that the domestic economy would "grow by 0.4 percent in 2021, down from the initially projected growth of 1.5 percent" (cbsi 2021b). Such change in the real gdp resulted from the "prolonged impact of covid-19 pandemic, border restrictions and weaker-than-expected performances across broad sectors of the economy" (cbsi 2021b). To manage the country's dire economic situation, the dcga introduced a new budget strategy in 2021 with the theme "Towards a Path to Economic Recovery: Advancing Growth and Services Delivery Through Better Partnerships" (Solomon Star 2021a). These "partnerships" included the hitherto less visible PRC. In order to implement the budget theme, the government used what officials called its "redirection policy," which they claimed aimed both to protect Solomon Islanders "from the spread of the covid 19 pandemic and to keep the domestic economy afloat and to accelerate recovery" (Solomon Star 2021a). The government faced a big income deficit in 2021 due mostly to the [End Page 490] effects of the pandemic. As a result of the drop in domestic income from taxes and weak economic production, the minister of finance and treasury stated in his 2021 budget speech that the new budget planned for an overall government deficit of si$329 million (us$41.1 million). This deficit meant that the overall revenue expected by the government, an estimated si$3.710 billion (us$460 million), would total only si$3.009 billion (us$380 million) of domestic government revenue. The remaining balance would have to be sourced domestically and from traditional multilateral and bilateral partners (Kuma 2021). "Budget Support Revenue from Donor partners is $259 million, $90 million support from the People's Republic of China, $12 million for the Economic Stimulus Package, and $341 million in development financing sourced from bilateral and development partners. The Total Development Budget for 2021 is $938 million of which $848 million is sig [Solomon Islands Government] funded and the remaining $90 million is funded by the Peoples Republic of China [sic] support towards constituency development projects" (sig 2021a, 3–4). It is here that China's key role in Solomon Islands' ruling party's politics becomes clear. Without detailing China's direct contribution to the budget, the government addressed this problem by offering both a new deficit budget and a slogan to justify this deficit. Because the government did not admit to collecting considerable funds directly from China, the public had no way of knowing how the redirection policy and its slogan worked. Thus, there was considerable confusion among the public. The Solomon Star reported that as "the Government prepares to bring down its 2021 $4 billion-plus budget, a huge 'mismatch' appears to...

Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in the Healthcare Management System

This article states that the private sector and the government can resolve contradictions and bridge interaction gaps through a public-private partnership due to complementing each other functionally. The study aims to determine the elements of public-private partnership development in healthcare and primary conditions for further forming an effective environment for implementing the principles of public-private partnership in healthcare management. This investigation examined the public-private partnership state worldwide and in Ukraine and the prospects for its development in the context of healthcare reform. It was noted that cooperation between the public and private sectors is becoming increasingly social. However, the current practice does not show effectiveness in achieving certain goals. The properties and differences in realizing social public-private partnership projects were investigated. The risks and problems in the implementation of public-private partnerships in healthcare were identified. The authors developed the structural and target model for ensuring the development of public-private partnerships in healthcare. It was determined that the basic conditions contributing to the successful implementation of public-private partnership projects in healthcare should include the factors as follows: political willpower to promote the development and support of public-private partnership; legislative and regulatory system to attract private sector funding; availability of feasible and effective projects and mechanisms for their selection; availability of information and staff needed for project implementation. The findings substantiated that state budget support is essential in reducing the risks of a private partner at the initial stage of public-private partnership development. The world experience showed that state funding of public-private partnership projects in healthcare might vary depending on the project life cycle stage. Given the importance of improving the funding of public-private partnerships, especially in terms of state budget funding for health projects, key elements and possible areas for improvement were identified.

Направления и результативность государственной поддержки аграрной экономики

The system of state support of the agrarian economy (the amount of budget allocations from the federal budget, directions, measures and effectiveness), which contributed to the increase in the production of agricultural products and allowed to reach the threshold value of indicators of food independence for many food products with the exception of milk, potatoes, vegetables and fruits, is considered. It is noted that the production of agricultural products is carried out using imported material and technical resources, the share of which is slowly decreasing. The proposals for improving budget support for industries producing import-substituting products and means of production for agriculture, small forms of management, especially personal subsidiary farms, the development of the storage base of agricultural products in the places of its production are substantiated.

НАЛОГОВАЯ И БЮДЖЕТНАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА IT-КОМПАНИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ ОГРАНИЧИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕР

The article examines the measures of tax and budget support for the IT sector in the Russian Federation, adopted under restrictive measures, analyzes their effectiveness, and formulates proposals for their improvement.

Business relocation to the Carpathian region of Ukraine during the war: measures to support and eliminate threats

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of business migration (relocation) from the territories where hostilities are conducted and adjacent territories to the western regions of Ukraine, where doing business in the current war is safer. The study aims to identify current trends in migration (relocation) of business in the Carpathian region of Ukraine during the war, identify problematic aspects and threats associated with these processes, as well as substantiate the tools of state policy to support business and regional economies. Problematic aspects, geography, and structure of business migration to the Carpathian region of Ukraine are revealed. Risks and threats of internal and external migration of business to the region and from the region to the EU during the Russian-Ukrainian war are assessed. The measures taken to support the migration of enterprises to the Carpathian region of Ukraine and eliminate threats are offered in the projection of three regimes: hibernation (implementation of a mobilization-partnership model of doing business, maximum financial and organizational assistance to export-oriented businesses, digitalization of business processes, etc.), relocation (simplification of the procedure for obtaining budget support for relocated businesses, expansion of forms of governmental (regional, local) order for goods and services of relocated enterprises, creation of industrial clusters in the region, etc.), and evacuation (allocation of modern advanced business technologies, innovations, intellectual property and their effective use in Ukraine, development of specialized grant programs, etc.). The applied significance of the research results consists in the identification of the regional policy priorities for the development of relocated businesses and the elimination of relevant threats, namely those related to the support of industries and individual enterprises in high-tech business; industries where products directly contribute to the development of the domestic market and import substitution; integration of all regions and ensuring the integrity of the country; solving problems of depressed areas; support for cross-border cooperation.

Совершенствование оценки эффективности использования бюджетной поддержки агропромышленного комплекса

The article is devoted to improving approaches to assessing the effectiveness of budget support for agricultural producers in the case of applying a mechanism for distributing subsidies based on the use of a cost approach depending on the achievement of security for a particular type of food.

Тенденции и перспективы развития молочного скотоводства в малых формах хозяйствования

The agrarian policy of the state has not allowed to stabilize the production of milk in small forms of farming, but they still remain its main producers. They account for 59.3%. A sharp decline in milk production is observed in the households of the population and its growth in farms and small enterprises belonging to small agricultural businesses and enjoying budget support. It is proposed that personal subsidiary farms that produce marketable products and supply them to the market also provide financial support. The reserves of increasing milk production in small forms of management have been identified: improving the use of the genetic potential of cows, strengthening the feed base, optimizing feed rations, the use of modern technologies, the development of integration and cooperation.

ФІСКАЛЬНІ МЕТОДИ ПІДТРИМКИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НА ПЕРІОД ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article discusses the fiscal methods of state support for economic activity under martial law. Separate levers of regulation of incomes and expenses are analyzed and the problems of budget support are defined. The state, dynamics and trends in the development of fiscal instruments of Ukraine in 2014-2022 are considered. The "packages" of the tax reform of the period of martial law are analyzed. The dynamics of tax revenues for August 2022 is traced. It is determined that revenues are uneven, in contrast to 2014, when their share was 78.43% of budget revenues, in 2021 it increased to 85.41% and in six months 2022 decreased to 58.54%. Personal income tax in January 2022 was 9% higher than the same period in 2021, reaching UAH 91 billion by August. Income tax with a 6% increase in January 2022 compared to January 2021 decreased by 18.3% in August 2022, reaching UAH 87 billion. The dynamics of functional expenses of the State Budget of Ukraine in 2014-2022 is considered. decreased from 8% to 2.51%. The structure of State budget revenues for the 2nd quarter of 2022 consisted of 73.61% tax revenues, 16.35% non-tax revenues, 0.16% capital income, 9.84% EU support. Dynamics of individual financial macro indicators of Ukraine for 2014-2022 shows a significant downward trend, primarily due to a decrease in the level of GDP by 37.2% over the 2nd quarter of 2022. Problems that impede the effective use of fiscal methods to support economic activity in Ukraine have been identified. The measures that need to be implemented to improve the efficiency of fiscal methods are proposed: analysis of the structure of budget revenues, trends in tax revenues, the dynamics of individual financial macro indicators and their interpretation to determine tactics and strategies for financial support of the economy during martial law in Ukraine.

The role of agriculture in the economic structure of Serbia and budget support for rural development of Kladovo municipality

The purpose of writing the paper is the situation in agriculture in Serbia and the municipality of Kladovo, as well as the importance it achieves in the economic structure. At the level of Serbia, the importance of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (AFF) is analyzed through their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) creation from 2016 to 2020, while for the municipality level the importance is determined by the amount of funds allocated in the local self-government unit (LSU) for the needs of agriculture from 2018 to 2020. The obtained results indicate a high share of AFF in GDP creation (6.3% during 2020) and a low share of budget funds in the total budget of the municipality for support of rural development (2.34% in 2020). The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities for further development of agriculture in the Republic and the Municipality. The paper uses methods of critical analysis of relevant literature, as well as descriptions for interpreting the results obtained by empirical research.

ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ПІДТРИМКИ ВІДТВОРЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The purpose of the scientific publication has been determined, to study the existing practice of finding tools for state support of reproductive processes in agriculture in Ukraine during the war. Attention has been paid to the works of scientists and expert practitioners who studied the problems of state support of reproductive processes in agriculture in Ukraine and prospects for their development. It has been noted that the need and adaptation of state support for agricultural development during the war serve as an impetus to substantiate the practical principles of intensifying the reproductive processes of domestic agricultural enterprises and food security of the state. The current practice of using financial tools to support the reproductive processes of agriculture in Ukraine has been summarized into four groups, namely: budget support tools, credit support tools, fiscal support tools, and price support tools. Peculiarities in the application of credit and fiscal technologies to support domestic agricultural enterprises in the conditions of war have been investigated. The components and algorithm of using certain methods and tools to support the reproduction processes of the studied subjects are generalized: soft loan "Available loans 5-7-9%" and military single tax. The top banks that provide loans to agricultural entities under the program "Affordable loans 5-7-9%" have been presented. The package of fiscal decisions adopted by the Government of Ukraine, which will act to normalize the functioning of the economy and financial system in order to preserve the fiscal potential of domestic business during the war, has been summarized. Positive trends in the recovery of business activity of economic entities due to the introduction of measures to support agriculture were noted: the revival of the registration of sole proprietors in the agricultural sector and the highest share of profitable enterprises has been also in the agricultural business. Prospects for further research based on the need for state support of reproductive processes at the stage of consumption of agricultural products have been identified.

ФІНАНСОВА ПІДТРИМКА АГРОСЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article discusses the features of financial support for the agricultural sector under martial law to ensure food security. The normative definition of food security and its changes in accordance with the challenges of our time are analyzed. The positions of Ukraine and individual countries on the GFSI Global Food Security Index in 2018 and 2022 are considered and a pattern is determined that since the beginning of the war, Ukraine has decreased in the ranking position from 63 to 71 place, but continues to import products to countries that occupy a significantly higher position in the ranking food security. Systematized financial measures to ensure the food security of Ukraine under martial law. The state, dynamics and trends of financial support and individual indicators of the financial potential of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in 2018-2022 are analyzed. ., when its share in the budget was more than 1%. The rating of regions of Ukraine according to the state of production and the level of budget support has been determined. It has been established that most regions are financed in proportion to production volumes, but there are regions where funding is ahead: Ternopil, Volyn, Sumy regions; or production: Kirovograd, Chernihiv, Dnepropetrovsk regions. In the context of a reduction in budgetary financing of the industry due to the need to direct spending on defense and security, the social sphere and debt servicing, the sources of increasing the volume of state financial support for the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine are the resources of the global financial market, international borrowings and donor funds. In 2022, programs for financing the industry at the expense of donor funds for UAH 1.5 billion are provided, and their expansion is expected in 2023. Based on the assessment of foreign experience of Checkoff, possible directions for expanding sources of support for domestic enterprises that form value chains in the field of food security are analyzed. Proposed measures to be taken to overcome existing problems and ensure the further development of the agricultural sector and ensure food security in Ukraine. State financial support for the agricultural sector under martial law provides for the improvement of legislation in order to generate additional financial resources by optimizing tax, budgetary and investment regulation, simplifying the requirements for doing agricultural business, resolving problems with logistics and export of agro-industrial products, mitigating the impact of inflation and foreign exchange pressure The results of this study can be used in the formation of a package of state support measures for the agricultural sector, detailing directions and programs, as well as distributing funds across agricultural regions.

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Police Officers in Charge of Autonomous Police Affairs

자치경찰제 시행 이후 많은 논란이 되었던 문제들 중에 운영 상 문제가 되었던 요인들을 중심으로 실증적인 분석을 실시해 직무만족을 높일 수 있는 결정요인을 확인하는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 자치경찰제 운영 상 논란이 되었던 요인은 법령 구축, 인력 구성, 교육 훈련, 예산 지원, 자치단체장의 지원과 관심이었다. 분석결과 자치경찰제 시행 이후 자치경찰사무 담당 경찰관의 직무만족은 매우 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 실질적으로 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 요인은 법령 구축, 교육 훈련, 자치단체장의 지원과 관심으로 나타났다. 자치경찰제 시행과 관련해 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 자치단체장을 중심으로한 법령 구축, 교육 훈련에 대해 정책적 제언(지역별 통합 조례 제정, 경찰 내부 교육훈련 관련 매뉴얼 개발, 자치단체와 통합 운영될 수 있는 매뉴얼 개발, 자치단체장의 실질적인 자치경찰위원회와의 소통, 자치경찰위원회 중심의 의견수렴 등)을 했다The purpose of this study is to identify determinants that can increase job satisfaction by conducting an empirical analysis focusing on factors that have become operational problems among many controversial issues after the implementation of the autonomous police system. The factors that were controversial in the operation of the autonomous police system were the establishment of laws, the composition of manpower, education and training, budget support, and the support and interest of the head of the local government. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the job satisfaction of the police officers in charge of local police affairs after the implementation of the autonomous police system was very low. In relation to the implementation of the autonomous police system, establishment of laws centered on the head of the local government on factors affecting job satisfaction, policy suggestions on education and training (enactment of regional integrated ordinances, development of manuals related to internal police education and training, integrated operation with local governments) developed manuals, communicated with the local autonomous police committee, and collected opinions centered on the autonomous police committee).

Preparedness of recovery to the vulnerability of climate change in the coastal areas in Bangladesh

Purpose of the Study: This research aims to identify the susceptibility of Bangladesh's coastal areas to natural disasters related to climate change and raise vigilance in the region. Methodology: We have conducted a survey of farmers in eight coastal Unions to identify the impact of climate change and the ability to implement coping mechanisms and their family size and income level. Face-to-face interviews, in-depth case studies, and focus group discussions were carried out in the survey. We further summarized the effect and recent consequences of cyclones, the major disaster in the country that are followed by flooding. Main Findings: The finding of the study reveals that the shelters are insufficient to accommodate the dense population and will be a crowded space under the influence of COVID-19, further raising the vulnerability of those affected by a disaster. The coping mechanisms implemented were the storage of rainwater and groundwater and empowering women to produce dairy products and sustain the household income. The experts’ opinion to counteract the climate change was adaptation and mitigation. Since building resilience requires a fair budget and global support, we focused on adaption, considering three adaptive approaches: accommodation, protection, and retreat. Among those, considering the densely populated nature of Bangladesh, improving accommodation and protection were the feasible solution to be proposed. In conclusion, people's livelihood activities could be diversified by providing need-based training and motivations. Research Implications: One-fourth of the total population lives in the coastal areas in Bangladesh, which frequently faces tropical cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise that cost enormous loss to the crops, livestock, forestry, and human selves. The biodiversity of the Sundarban, one of the most vulnerable ecosystems, is also at risk of those natural disasters. The novelty of the study: Climate change is posing major threats to Bangladesh's coast. This study's findings will help individuals recover from the effects of climate change and prepare for the future.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI AKSI PERUBAHAN ALUMNI PESERTA PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN ADMINISTRATOR PADA PUSDIKLAT TENAGA ADMINISTRASI BADAN LITBANG DAN DIKLAT KEMENTERIAN AGAMA RI

This writing aims to analyze the factors for implementing change actions and can contribute to efforts to improve the implementation of change actions through an understanding of the factors that cause the low level of implementation of change actions for alumni of Administrator Leadership Training participants, organized by the Research and Development Agency and Education and Training Center of the Indonesian Ministry of Religion. This writing uses quantitative and qualitative methods through a review of related documents, namely the post-training evaluation report, which presents questionnaire data including informants covering three parties, namely alumni as owners of change actions, alumni superiors as mentors and training organizers, while data obtained through interviews by authors are 9 people including namely alumni as owners of change actions and alumni superiors as mentors. the writing show that from an implementation perspective there are internal factors, consisting of low willingness; seriousness; and motivation; as well as alumni communication with limited work teams and external factors, consisting of the unavailability of IT personnel; the absence of infrastructure and budget support; unequal perception between participants and stakeholders on the supporting data; and the lack of attention from direct superiors as mentors. These internal and external factors are the cause of the not yet optimal implementation of change actions. Keywords: Implementation, barriers, challenges, innovation

Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Pengendalian Pemotongan Ternak Sapi dan Kerbau Betina Produktif di Provinsi Bengkulu

The objectives of this study were: (1) To analyze the implementation of control of productive slaughtering of cattle and female buffalo in Bengkulu Province based on George Edward III's policy implementation model, namely communication, resources, disposition of bureaucratic structures. (2) To analyze the implementation constraints of slaughtering productive female cattle and buffalo in Bengkulu Province. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive design. Determination of informants in this study using the purpusive method, namely the maker and executor of policies to control the slaughter of productive female cattle and buffalo in Bengkulu Province as many as 9 people. The data collection used interviews and observations, while the descriptive qualitative data analysis was based on the Miles and Huberman stages. The results showed that the implementation of the control of productive female cattle and buffalo slaughter in Bengkulu Province from the aspects of (1) communication, that the delivery of information through socialization and distribution of brochures during the coaching activities of livestock groups. The submission of this information is only done once per year due to budget constraints. In terms of clarity, it is very clear from the district level to all parties involved in this policy, starting from the farmer level, business actors, and the regions involved. (2) Resources enough official personnel are available, but the veterinary paramedics are still lacking. Budget support for 2020 has experienced budget recofusing, so that for 2020 there will be no more activities. The local government is very supportive of the implementation of the control of productive female cattle slaughter. Then the supporting facilities are generally available, but for the facilities in the RPH starting from the building and other equipment it is necessary to make improvements and add to the facilities. (3) Disposition, that the local government and the community can accept it quite well. Related to incentives for policy implementers only for officers reporting daily deductions. (4) The bureaucratic structure, that the organizational structure is not yet supportive because the SOP prohibiting the slaughter of productive females is only owned by Mukomuko District, while all districts / cities do not yet exist. When viewed from the perspective of work effectiveness, managing this program is optimal, because it involves almost all sectors implementing this policy

The COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Marine National Parks in Thailand

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment, including coral reefs, seagrasses, terrestrial/aquatic animals, waste/sewage, and the economy of 27 marine national parks and four marine national park operations centers. Structured interviews were employed in this study. The results from national park officers indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, natural resources, such as coral, seagrass, and terrestrial/aquatic animals, had recovered and become more productive since animals in the area were observed. In addition, the amount of waste in the area has decreased; however, some national parks still have problems with marine debris. In contrast, the economic findings indicated that the number of tourists, both Thai and foreign, has decreased, reducing the total national park revenue by THB 1,507,681,302 (US$50,256,043). Our research shows that there is an important association between the reduction of tourists and environmental quality. In addition, a reduction in revenue may impact the environment through illegal logging and fishing. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, technology should be used for surveys in the national parks, regularly informing budget support from the government, and tourism management.