BRS Platina Research Articles

Precocity, yield and water-use efficiency of banana plants under planting densities and irrigation depths, in semiarid region

ABSTRACT Banana is a crop of major importance for the Brazilian semiarid region. However, because of the low availability and irregularities of the rainfall in this area, it is necessary to combine techniques that allow a higher water-use efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different combinations of irrigation depths and planting densities on the precocity, yield and water-use efficiency of BRS Platina banana plants, in the semiarid region of the Bahia state, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was used, in a split-plot arrangement. Irrigation depths of 55 %, 70 %, 85 % and 100 % of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were assigned to the plot, and the planting densities of 1,600 plants ha-1, 2,000 plants ha-1, 2,666 plants ha-1 and 3,333 plants ha-1 to the split-plot. The hands weight and number of fruits decreased in a linear way with the increase in the planting density (1,600 plants ha-1 to 3,333 plants ha-1) from 10.89 kg to 9.49 kg and from 97.16 to 89.86, respectively; whereas the hands yield (15.5 t ha-1 to 25.79 t ha-1) and the harvest period (442 to 455 days) increased. The number of fruits increased linearly from 89.46 to 98.08 with the irrigation depth of 55 % to 100 % of the ETc. The yield and water-use efficiency increased linearly as the planting density increased (1,600 plants ha-1 to 3,333 plants ha-1) from 5.14 to 8.60, while the water-use efficiency decreased with the irrigation depth from 7.97 to 5.50, conidering 55 % to 100 % of the ETc. It is possible to obtain higher yields and a higher water-use efficiency by using a higher planting density and irrigation levels below 100 % of the ETc.

GAS EXCHANGE IN ‘POME’ BANANA PLANTS GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate Pome type bananas grown under different irrigation systems. Seventy-two treatments were used in a factorial 3×2×12 scheme, where factors consisted of three irrigation systems (under-tree sprinkling, micro-sprinkling, and dripping), two cultivars (‘Prata-Ana‘ and ‘BRS Platina’), and twelve evaluation periods (months). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. During the third production cycle, plant phytotechnical and physiological traits were evaluated in different months at five different times of the day. The results showed no significant interactions between cultivars and irrigation systems. All the assessed traits varied for each irrigation system, except for plant yield. The banana plants presented higher vigor and a larger number of hands when grown under conventional sprinkling and micro-aspersion systems, regardless of the cultivar. The cultivar ‘Prata-Ana‘ has larger leaf areas and number of hands, regardless of the irrigation system. Moreover, plants irrigated by dripping exhibited higher leaf temperatures, higher transpiration rates, and lower instant water-use efficiency. When irrigated by micro-sprinklers, the plants displayed greater water-use efficiency. As leaf temperature rose, perspiration increased linearly, while the instant water-use efficiency decreased linearly.

English

The aim of this paper is to evaluate gas exchanges and yield of Prata-type banana plants subjected to fertilizer sources for organic management in soil with improved fertility. Two cultivars (‘Dwarf-Prata’ and ‘BRS Platina’), 5 K2O rates (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg ha-1 year-1) supplied by cattle manure and Naturalplus® rock powder, and 2 evaluation times (8:00 am and 2:00 pm) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 15 replicates. As for production, a randomized block design with 4 cycles and 3 replicates was used. In fertile soils, gas exchanges are little influenced by fertilization. Fertilization with increasing application rates determines a quadratic variation in stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration in ‘Dwarf-Prata’ and a linear variation for leaf temperature and instantaneous water-use efficiency in ‘BRS Platina’. Quantum efficiency of photosynthesis is higher at 8:00 am, whereas at 2:00 pm, for leaf temperature. Photosynthesis and leaf transpiration directly correlate with stomatal conductance, instantaneous water-use efficiency, and leaf temperature, while instantaneous water-use efficiency and photosynthesis inversely associate with transpiration and leaf temperature. Cattle manure and rock powder fertilizations do not increase yield in banana plants grown in soils with improved fertility. Key words: Musa species, manure, rock powder, productivity, physiological variables.

Performance of banana genotypes with resistance to black leaf streak disease in Northeastern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and the production of banana plants with resistance to black leaf streak disease (BLSD), in comparison with the performance of traditional cultivars susceptible to the disease. Twenty cultivars were planted at the Jaguaribe-Apodi plateau, in Northeastern Brazil: 15 with resistance to BLSD, namely Pacovan Ken, PV42-68, BRS Vitória, BRS Japira, BRS Preciosa, BRS Garantida, Thap Maeo, BRS Tropical, BRS Platina, BRS Maravilha, FHIA 02, FHIA 18, Galil 18, Caipira, and Buccaneer; and five susceptible to the disease, namely Williams, Grande Naine, Pacovan, Prata Anã, and Maçã. Banana growth and production of bunches was evaluated during three successive cycles. 'BRS Tropical' and 'Caipira' can replace 'Maçã', which is very susceptible to Fusarium wilt. The BRS Maravilha, BRS Platina, FHIA 02, FHIA 18, and Galil 18 cultivars show adequate height and high yield potential, being alternatives to the traditional Prata subgroup. The Buccaneer cultivar is an alternative to the susceptible cultivars of the Cavendish subgroup and can be explored in an irrigated agrosystem.

AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF BANANA PLANTS IN THREE PRODUCTION CYCLES IN SOUTHWESTERN STATE OF BAHIA

ABSTRACT This assay was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal Institute of Bahia, Campus Guanambi, BA, and aimed to evaluate agronomic traits of Prata, Cavendish, Gros Michel and Maçã banana cultivars three production cycles. The 72 treatments, 24 cultivars and three production cycles were arranged in a split plot scheme in time, in a completely randomized design with five replications and four plants per plot. Plots were arranged in 24 cultivars, Prata-Anã, Maravilha, FHIA-18, FHIA-18 BRS, BRS Platina, JV42-135, Pacovan, Japira, PV79-34, Pacovan-Ken, Preciosa, Guarantida, Maçã, Caipira, BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, YB42-03, YB42-07, YB42-47, Grande-Naine, Calypso, Buccaneiro, FHIA-23 and FHIA-17; and subplots consisted of three production cycles. Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance. The average of the cultivars were grouped by Scott-Knott criterion (p<0.05) and production cycles compared by Tukey test (p<0.05). ‘JV42-235’, ‘Japira’ and ‘Pacovan-Ken’ cultivars had larger size and ‘Grande Naine’ had smaller size. ‘Prata-Anã’ cultivar had higher number of leaves at harvest, with leaf area index similar to the others. ‘BRS Platina’ cultivar is earlier at flowering and harvest. ‘Maravilha’, ‘BRS Platina’, ‘FHIA-23’, ‘BRS Tropical and BRS Princesa’ cultivars presented greater potential for use by farmers.

QUALITY OF ORGANIC BANANA PRODUCED IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT The northern semiarid region of Minas Gerais is an important producer of irrigated Prata-Anã banana variety, which is highly susceptible to fusarium wilt. The organic cultivation of resistant varieties may be an phytosanitary alternative, also adding value to fruits. This study aimed to characterize banana varieties produced in organic system based on chemical and physical assessments at post-harvest. Prata-Anã, BRS Platina, Fhia-18, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical varieties were characterized at the point of harvest (green) and mature (stage six of maturation), by chemical and physical assessments. At the point of harvest, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical banana varieties had more intense green skin color. ‘BRS Conquista’ presented lower fresh weight, shorter length and diameter than the other varieties. BRS Platinum variety had more fruit fresh mass, length and diameter. Mature Prata-Anã, BRS Platina, Fhia-18, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical banana varieties showed no difference in soluble solids, pH, titrable acidity and ratio; BRS Platina variety had more intense yellow skin color and lower pulp/skin ratio. Greater dropping resistance occurred in BRS Conquista variety and BRS Tropical was less resistant. Prata-Anã banana variety showed higher firmness. Banana varieties differed more by the physical characteristics (skin color, size, dropping resistance, firmness and pulp/skin ratio) in relation to chemical characteristics.

Irrigation management strategy for Prata-type banana

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze different irrigation strategies in two cultivars of the banana crop. The study was conducted in four production cycles of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ bananas. The applied irrigation depths (ID) were obtained by the model ID = K x LA x ETo, where K is an empirical transpiration constant of 0.20; 0.35; 0.50 and 0.65 for the strategies 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively; LA is the leaf area of mother and daughter plants of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ETo is the reference evapotranspiration. The strategy 5 was obtained according to the crop evapotranspiration, ETc = ETo x Kc, where Kc is the crop coefficient. Drip irrigation system was used, with two laterals per plant row and emitters with flow rate of 8 L h-1, spaced at 0.50 m. It was found that ‘Prata-Anã’ is more efficient than ‘BRS Platina’ in terms of water use and the model for irrigation management, ID = 0.35 x LA x ETo, is recommended to optimize water use by ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ bananas, with increase in water use efficiency and maintenance of yield. The same model, with K coefficient equal to 0.50, makes it possible to obtain yield and water use efficiency equal to those obtained with irrigation management based on the ETc.

GAS EXCHANGE IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF BANANA PRATA IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate gas exchange of banana Prata in two production cycles in semiarid environment. Six cultivars were used as treatments arranged into a completely randomized design with five replications and four plants per plot. For physiological characteristics, it was considered a factorial arrangement of 6x14x2, six cultivars, 14 periods (months), two readings, 8:00 and 14:00 in each period. The rates of gas exchange, the carboxylation efficiency and the instantaneous efficiency of water use were higher at 8:00 and lower at 14:00, with rare exceptions. The ‘BRS Platina’ had a higher leaf temperature, higher transpiration and lower water use efficiency. ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘FHIA-18’ and ‘Maravilha’ expressed lower leaf temperature and lower transpiration. The ‘Maravilha’ is the most efficient in water use. Transpiration increases linearly with the leaf temperature, while the instantaneous efficiency of water use decreases linearly.

MICRONUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF BANANA PRATA SEEDLINGS

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the requirements and micronutrients efficiency in banana is relevant to the development of fertilizer recommendations. This study aimed to evaluated requirements and nutritional efficiencies of banana seedlings submitted to omission of micronutrients in nutritive solution. Treatments were complete nutritive solution and solution with individual omission of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and two Prata-Anã and BRS Platina hybrid genotypes. Leaf area, dry matter of leaves, rhizome, roots and total and micronutrient contents were determined. With results, the following indexes were calculated: uptake, transport and micronutrient utilization efficiency. B deficiency effected more intensely the growth of both banana genotypes. The nutrient uptake corresponded to the following sequence: Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, which reflects the plant requirements. The BRS Platina hybrid showed higher B, Fe and Zn absorption efficiency in relation to Prata Anã cultivar, which had higher Cu absorption efficiency. BRS Platina hybrid showed higher efficiency in the transport of Fe and Mn, while Prata Anã only for Cu. Prata Anã cultivar showed higher micronutrient utilization efficiency in complete treatment and treatment with omission of micronutrients.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA E SENSORIAL DE GENÓTIPOS DE BANANEIRAS TIPO PRATA

RESUMOO norte de Minas Gerais é grande produtor de banana ‘Prata-Anã’ irrigada, cultura altamente suscetível ao Mal-do-Panamá. O uso de genótipos resistentes é uma alternativa, mas os frutos devem apresentar características pós-colheita o mais próximo possível da ‘Prata-Anã’, para melhor aceitação pelos consumidores. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar frutos em pós-colheita, identificar a preferência e a intenção de compra de diferentes genótipos de bananeira tipo Prata. Os genótipos Prata-Anã, BRS Platina e Fhia-18. foram caracterizados no ponto de colheita (verdes) e maduros (estádio seis de maturação), por avaliações químicas, físicas e sensoriais. Quando verde, ‘BRS Platina’ apresentou maior massa fresca e tamanho que ‘Fhia-18’ e ‘Prata-Anã’. ‘Fhia-18.’ teve a tonalidade verde da casca mais intensa que a dos demais genótipos. Madura, ‘BRS Platina’ foi mais firme, mas com a mesma resistência ao despencamento que ‘Fhia-18’ e superior à ‘Prata-Anã’. ‘Fhia-18’ apresentou cor da casca com amarelo mais clara e tão brilhante quanto da ‘Prata-Anã’, mas ‘BRS Platina’ teve a tonalidade de amarelo mais intensa. Bananas ‘Fhia-18’ foram mais ácidas, ‘BRS Platina’, com menor acidez titulável, e ‘Prata-Anã’, o maior teor de sólidos solúveis. Os genótipos Prata-Anã e BRS Platina tiveram maior preferência e intenção de compra pelos consumidores, sendo as bananas ‘Prata-Anã’ em dedos e ‘BRS Platina’ e ‘Fhia-18’ em dedos, buquê e penca, as mais preferidas. Entretanto, a maioria compraria bananas ‘Prata-Anã’ em buquê e ‘BRS Platina’ e ‘Fhia-18’ em penca. Enquanto verdes, os genótipos foram semelhantes à ‘Prata-Anã’, e maiores diferenças químicas e físicas ocorreram quando maduros.

English

This study aimed to evaluate  the effect of spectral light quality on different anatomical features of banana tree plantlets grown under coloured shade nets. Banana plants of five genotypes (Maçã, Thap Maeo, Caipira, BRS Platina and Princesa), obtained from micropropagation, were grown under white, blue, red and black nets, with shade of 50%, in a completely randomized design. After 90 days of acclimatization under nets, the leaves were collected and analyzed anatomically following basic protocol of plant microtechnique. Cultivation under white net provided greater thickness of epidermis cells, hypodermis on the adaxial face and palisade parenchyma; and greater stomatal density on the adaxial face; both the red and white nets, however, increased stomatal density on the abaxial face. The use of white net, during the acclimatization phase, is recommended  for cultivation of banana plantlets obtained of micropropagation.   Key words: Musa sp., acclimatization, spectral quality, anatomical plasticity.

Phenotypical correlations between agronomical characters in Prata type bananas (Musa) and its implications on yield estimat

This research aims to estimate correlations between agronomic traits and yield in Pome bananas, contributing to the elaboration of models for estimation of harvest. Agronomic traits were evaluated in 98 plants of ‘Dwarf Prata’ and 96 ‘BRS Platina’, considered replicates and sampled at random. Correlations between the masses of the bunch, and hands and plant height; pseudostem perimeter at ground level, at 30 cm and at 100 cm in height; number of green leaves; mass of the bunch; number of hands and fruits per bunch; mass of the hands; mass, length and diameter of the stem, and mass of the fruit of the external row from the first to the tenth hand were estimated. The highest correlation coefficient between yield and vegetative traits for ‘Dwarf Prata’ and ‘BRS Platina’, was obtained for pseudostem perimeter at ground level, indicating its greater potential to compose harvest estimation models. The correlations between the masses of the bunch and hands with yield traits, for both genotypes, showed a higher potential for predicting the number of hands and fruits. Appropriate correlation estimates are associated with the fourth and fifth bunch, for the ‘Dwarf Prata’ and ‘BRS Platina’, respectively, using the mass of the fruit of the external row. Key words: Banana, phenotypical descriptors, statistics, associations, genotypes.

Simple and multiple linear regressions for harvest prediction of Prata type bananas

This study aimed to fit regression models for harvest prediction in Prata type bananas. The experiment consisted of plants and bunches of bananas carried out in Guanambi, BA, with genotypes Dwarf Prata (AAB) and BRS Platina (AAAB), planted at a spacing of 3.0 × 2.5 m, with irrigation. Measurements of vegetative and yield characteristics were sampled at random. Models of simple and multiple linear regression were estimated, considering as independent variables with highest correlation coefficients with the masses of the bunch (MB) and hands (MH). The simple linear regression models allow prediction of the masses of the bunch and hands, according to the number of hands (NB), with better precision, for both genotypes and at least 120 days prior to harvest. For the’ Dwarf Prata‘, the equations were: MCA = -10.05 + 3.08NH; r² = 0.99, e, MPE = -12.38 + 3.55NH; r² = 0.99. For the ‘BRS Platina’ equations were: MCA = -1.37 + 3.02NH; r² = 0.97 e MPE = -2.74 + 2.88NP; r² = 0.97. The determination coefficients for the adjusted models ensure consistency of the regressions for the estimation of Prata type banana production. Key words: Estimated harvest, Dwarf Prata (AAB), BRS Platina (AAAB) genotypes, the regression models.

Características pós-colheita de bananas 'Prata-Anã' e 'BRS Platina' armazenadas sob refrigeração

As cultivares de bananeira mais plantadas no Brasil são suscetíveis às principais doenças da cultura, estando em curso a busca por variedades resistentes que possam substituí-las com boa aceitação dos produtores e consumidores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais de frutos da bananeira 'Prata-Anã' e seu híbrido 'BRS Platina', armazenados a 15 ºC e a 25 ºC, ao longo do amadurecimento. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2 (genótipos) x 2 (temperaturas) x 4 (estádios de maturação). Os frutos foram avaliados sensorialmente e quanto à coloração da casca, diâmetro, comprimento, resistência ao despencamento, firmeza, massa com e sem casca, espessura da casca, relação polpa/casca, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e amido. A 'BRS Platina' apresenta frutos com maior diâmetro, comprimento e massa, acidez semelhante e menor doçura em comparação à 'Prata-Anã'. O armazenamento a 15 ºC confere maior firmeza e resistência ao despencamento aos frutos de 'Prata-Anã' e 'BRS Platina', em comparação com o armazenamento a 25 ºC. Os frutos de 'BRS Platina' apresentam índice de aceitação satisfatório, porém inferior ao obtido para os de 'Prata-Anã'.

Avaliação agronômica de genótipos de bananeiras em condições subtropicais, Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo - Brasil

Existe grande número de cultivares de bananeira no Brasil, porém quando se consideram aspectos como preferência dos consumidores, produtividade, tolerância às pragas e doenças, porte adequado e resistência à seca e ao frio, restam poucas com potencial agronômico para serem usadas comercialmente. Objetivando avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de genótipos de bananeiras nas condições edafoclimáticas do Vale do Ribeira (Brasil), foram testados os seguintes materiais, separados em dois grupos genômicos: AAAA (Bucaneiro, FHIA 02 e FHIA 17); e AAAB, sendo este subdividido de acordo com a genitora utilizada no melhoramento: Prata (BRS Garantida, FHIA 18, BRS FHIA Maravilha, BRS Platina e PA94-01); Pacovan (BRS Japira, BRS Pacovan Ken, PV79-34, PV94-01 e BRS Vitória); e Yangambi n.2 (BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa e YB42-03). As cultivares Grande Naine (AAA), Pacovan (AAB), Prata-anã (AAB) e Yangambi ou Caipira (AAA) apresentam desenvolvimento e produção semelhantes aos genótipos avaliados, portanto foram utilizadas como padrão comparativo. Durante dois ciclos, foram avaliadas as seguintes características de desenvolvimento: altura, diâmetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas ativas (florescimento e colheita), intervalo entre plantio e florescimento, e entre plantio e colheita (dias). Calcularam-se os intervalos de confiança (média ± erro-padrão) nos diferentes grupos e tipos de banana. Diante dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que os genótipos do grupo AAAB e genitora 'Pacovan' não são adequados para o cultivo na região devido ao porte alto das plantas, e os genótipos de bananeiras que possuem potencial de cultivo na região do Vale do Ribeira são: grupo AAAA (FHIA 02 e FHIA 17); grupo AAAB: genitora 'Prata' (FHIA 18, BRS Garantida e PA94-01) e genitora 'Yangambi n.2' (BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa e Yangambi).

Caracterização pós-colheita de frutos de bananeira 'BRS Platina' de primeiro ciclo, sob regulação do déficit de irrigação

O trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização pós-colheita de bananas cv BRS Platina (PA42-44), que é um híbrido tetraploide (AAAB) desenvolvido pela Embrapa. As mesmas foram produzidas no norte de Minas Gerais, com redução das lâminas (L) de água utilizadas na irrigação,a partir dos cinco meses após o plantio. Foram sete os tratamentos avaliados, com combinações de redução da lâmina (55%, 70% e 85%) nas fases II e III de desenvolvimento da planta (5 a 7 meses, e 7 a 12 meses após o plantio), caracterizados quanto a: teor de sólidos solúveis totais (sst), despencamento, firmeza da polpa, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, relação polpa/casca e coloração da casca, definida pelos parâmetros L*, C* e ºh, avaliados quando os frutos estavam totalmente amarelos. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais foi maior nos frutos do tratamento T3, onde houve redução da lâmina de irrigação na fase II (floração) para 70% da ETc. A maior relação polpa/casca foi obtida quando a ETc foi reduzida em 25% na fase III, resistência ao despencamento. Os frutos mais firmes foram produzidos quando a ETc na fase II foi reduzida em 45%; já o menor despencamento foi obtido quando esta redução foi de 45% e 30% na fase II, e de 30% na fase III. Os maiores (comprimento e diâmetro) e mais pesados frutos foram produzidos na ausência de déficit hídrico durante todo o ciclo da cultura.