Bronchopulmonary Diseases Research Articles

Aeropalynological risks in the Yalta climatic resort in 2011-2013

Relevance. Yalta traditionally is used as a climatic resort for the treatment and rehabilitation of bronchopulmonary patients since the late 19th century. Allergic features of plant pollen is well known . Therefore aeropalinological research can be helpful for prediction and correction of the patient’s treatment in the resort. Background. To identify the aeropalinological risks associated with plant pollen in the Yalta climatic resort and to investigate their dynamics to predict the periods unfavorable for climate therapy and rehabilitation of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. Methods. The plant pollen in the air of Yalta was determined during 2011-2013 by gravimetric method using panes-traps. The pollen species and it’s amount were defined in 1 cm2. Aeropalinological risks were determined according to the recommendations of Gerard Sulmont (2005) and Meyer-Melikyan N.R. et al. (1999). Results. The largest pollen producers in Yalta are cypress and pine tree (46,7% and 20,8% of the total annual pollen amount, respectively). Other plants produce the pollen significantly lower: cedar - 5,7%, ash - 3,6%, hornbeam - 2,5%, ambrosia - almost 1% of the total annual pollen amount. The greatest aeropalinological risk in Yalta is observed in February-April, August and September, which corresponds to the periods of cypress and ragweed glowering. Summary. The obtained results can be used for drawing up the medical and ecological forecasts and informing the population (allergic sensitive persons) about unfavorable aeropalinological periods using the unified infocommunication system of the city, region and state.

Safety of ambroxol in the treatment of airway diseases in adult patients

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ambroxol is a widely used secretolytic and mucoactive over-the-counter agent primarily used to treat respiratory diseases associated with viscid mucus. Following post-marketing reports of hypersensitivity reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) possibly linked to ambroxol, the European Union’s Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) initiated in April 2014 a review of the safety of ambroxol in all its registered indications, which was finalized in 2016.Areas covered: Here, we evaluate the clinical safety of ambroxol and provide an expert opinion on the benefit-risk balance of ambroxol in the treatment of adult patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. The evidence for this review is derived from clinical trials of ambroxol that were provided to the PRAC by the marketing authorization holders of ambroxol-containing medicines.Expert opinion: Clinical experience accumulated from randomized clinical trials and observational studies suggests that ambroxol is a safe and well-tolerated treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, with a well-balanced and favorable benefit-risk profile. All reported adverse events were mild and self-limiting, and the risk of SCARs with ambroxol is low. Further investigations could address the safety and efficacy of ambroxol in pediatric lung diseases and in additional therapeutic indications, such as biofilm-dependent airway disease and lysosomal storage disorders.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВІДХАРКУВАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТАБЛЕТОК НА ОСНОВІ ЕКСТРАКТІВ ІЗ КВІТОК МАЛЬВИ ЛІСОВОЇ ТА ПОДОРОЖНИКА ЛАНЦЕТОЛИСТОГО

Вступ. Згідно з останніми даними ВООЗ, сьогодні захворювання дихальної системи є провідною причиною смерті та інвалідності у світі. Відповідно до формулярної системи України (2009), лікування гострих бронхолегеневих захворювань інфекційного походження починають з етіотропних засобів, до яких приєднують патогенетичні монопрепарати. До цієї групи належать препарати рослинного походження і препарати резорбтивної дії.
 Мета дослідження – вивчити відхаркувальні властивості таблеток, до складу яких входять екстракти з квіток мальви лісової та подорожника ланцетолистого.
 Методи дослідження. Для експерименту було використано здорових мишей-самців BALB/c (20–25 г). Через 10 днів адаптації тварин випадковим чином поділили на групи по 6 мишей у кожній. Усім тваринам речовини вводили атравматичним зондом інтрагастрально: мишам 1-ї групи – воду дистильовану; 2-ї – розчин амонію хлориду (1,0 г/кг маси тіла тварини); 3–5 – розчинені екстракти з квіток мальви лісової (0,062 г/кг), подорожника ланцетолистого (0,062 г/кг) та досліджувані таблетки (0,4819 г/кг). Через 30 хв після останнього введення мишам вводили внутрішньочеревно розчин фенолового червоного (5 % у фізіо­логічному розчині, 0,1 мл/10 г маси тіла). Після впливу ультразвуку на ізольовані органи протягом 10 хв додавали 0,1 мл 1 М розчину натрію гідроксиду. Для вимірювання оптичної щільності одержаного розчину при довжині хвилі 546 нм було використано спектрофотометр Lambda 25 (“PerkinElmer”, США). 
 Результати й обговорення. Введення експериментальним тваринам амонію хлориду, екстрактів із квіток мальви лісової та подорожника ланцетолистого, а також таблеток стимулювало секреторну функцію бронхів. Дана експериментальна модель дала змогу охарактеризувати відхаркувальні властивос­ті досліджуваного препарату та визначити його вплив на секреторну функцію бронхів: за відхаркувальною здатністю досліджуваний засіб на 40,16 % перевищував препарат порівняння (амонію хлорид).
 Висновок. Досліджувані таблетки мають високу здатність секретувати мокротиння, проявляють хорошу терапевтичну активність та можуть бути рекомендовані для подальших досліджень як потенційний препарат із відхаркувальними властивостями.

Search for associations of polymorphic variants of nucleotide excision repair genes with the increased risk of bronchopulmonary pathology in workers of hazardous and dangerous industries

The study covered workers of asbestos cement plants and miners (n = 214). Polymerase chain reaction method in real time helped to identify genotypes of genes XPD (rs13181, rs799793) and ERCC1 (rs11615).The study results prove that XPD*C/C genotype is associated with bronchopulmonary disease risk (p≤0.02, χ2=4.97; OR=2.40; 95% CI: 1.03–5.64).Carriers of XPD*A/C genotype appeared to have relative resistance to bronchopulmonary diseases risk (χ2=3,52, р≤0,06; OR=0,57; 95%CI: 0,30–1,07).

Aeroallergens in North-Central Nigeria

Introduction and ObjectivesAeroallergens are airborne organic substances which are responsible for allergenic diseases in hypersensitive individuals. People are exposed to their allergens either directly or after their entrance into the interiors. The spatio-temporal pattern of aeroallergens and their relationship with weather variability in Abuja and Nassarawa, North-Central Nigeria was studied. Materials and MethodsAerosamples were trapped with modified Tauber-like pollen traps. Samples were collected monthly and centrifuged at 2500rpm for 5 min and subjected to acetolysis. Meteorological data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Results and ConclusionAeroallergens concentration were unequivocally regulated by weather variables in both locations, indicating the possible use of aeroallergens especially pollen and spores as bio-indicators of weather variations and change. Aeroallergens encountered were fungal spores, pollen, diatom frustules, fern spores, algal cyst/cells in decreasing order of dominance. Among pollen group, Poaceae, Amarathaceae/Chenopodiaceae and Hymenocardia acida dominated. Spores of Smut species, Puccinia, Curvularia and Nigrospora were major contributors among aeromycoflora. Fungal spores morphotype dominated during the rainier months and were major contributors of the aeroallergen spectrum with those belonging to Deuteromycete preponderant. Aeroallergens which were previously identified as triggers of conjunctivitis, asthma, allergic sinusitis and bronchopulmonary allergic diseases were frequently present in both locations. Pollen prevailed more during the harmattan, influenced by northeast trade wind. Pollen component differed and was based on autochthonous source plants, indicating difference in sub-vegetational types.

The approaches to prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disorders in children with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the algorithm for cardiovascular disorders prevention and therapy effectiveness in children with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology. Materials and methods. There was catamnestic examination of 57 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology (29 children with severe, controlled or partially controlled persistent bronchial asthma and 28 children with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency) who were analyzed the dynamics of left ventricular myocardial remodeling, depending on the administrated treatment. Catamnesis duration was 1 year. The average age of children in the observation group was 9.2 ± 0.6 years. The ultrasound examination of the heart was performed using the Medison SonoAce 8000 ultrasound machine (USA) according to the standard procedure. The mathematical analysis and statistical processing of data were performed on a PC using the licensed software package of Statistic for Windows 10.RU using variation, correlation, regression and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis. Variables were expressed as M ± m and P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results . It has been established that there is a structural and functional left ventricular myocardium rearrangement on the background of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction development, sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system functional impairment, myocardium electrical instability and endothelium-depended vasodilation disturbance in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. The algorithm has been worked out for choosing tactics of cardiovascular disorders therapy based on the study results, which is a complex of non-medicamentous and medicamentous methods with drug modulators of – nitric oxide system – ACE and L-arginine inhibitors inclusion in the therapy. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm was estimated in 27 children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. The other 30 patients, who were treated with traditional therapy, made up a comparison group. It has been found that proposed therapeutic method application in the complex treatment of children with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology contributed to left ventricular myocardium morphofunctional state improvement by slowing processes of left ventricular remodeling and increasing the number of patients who had normal left ventricular myocardium geometry. There was a progression of the left ventricle morphofunctional state changes in the comparison group, which was manifested by an increase in the left ventricular myocardium mass and structural-geometric myocardial restructuring by concentric type of cardiac remodeling. Conclusions. The use of proposed algorithm can prevent cardiovascular disorders progression and provide more effective rehabilitation of children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

Role of Bronchoscopic Biopsy in Assessment of Bronchopulmonary Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center in UP

Role of Bronchoscopic Biopsy in Assessment of Bronchopulmonary Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center in UP

The use of Mucitus (Erdostein) in the treatment of broncho-pulmonary diseases in the practice of a family doctor

Diseases of the broncho-pulmonary apparatus are the important medical and social problem due to the high prevalence, disability and mortality. If the process of formation of the bronchial secretion and its progress in the proximal direction is disrupted, mucolytic therapy with stimulation of mucus excretion, dilution, reduction of its formation and rehydration is actual.The objective: to reveal the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of the drug Mucitus in the complex treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis.Materials and methods. The study included 37 patients (group I) with acute bronchitis (n=10), or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (n=23) and COPD (n=4). The control group (group II) included 12 patients: with acute bronchitis - 5, with exacerbation of chronic bronchitis – 7 people.Results. The effectiveness of Mucitus was assessed by changing the frequency of coughing attacks during 8 days of therapy, safety - based on monitoring data of the patient’s condition, frequency and nature of adverse reactions, laboratory examination data, assessment of the subjective condition of the patient.Conclusion.The treatment with ergodein led to an improvement in the patient’s condition, there was a decrease in the frequency of coughing attacks on the 8th day of therapy by more than 70% of the initial value. During the treatment adverse negative reactions with mucitus were not recorded, tolerability is characterized as «good». Mucitus (ergosteine), capsules produced by PJSC Macleods can be recommended for use as an effective and safe mucolytic agent.

ОЦЕНКА РИСКА, СВЯЗАННОГО С ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ РАБОТАЮЩЕГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИИ

The characteristic of prevalence of main behavioral health risk factors among working population of Russia is made on the results of The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE, 2016). The correlation between eating disorders, self-rated health and the probability of chronic diseases is revealed. It is proved, that risk of chronic lower respiratory diseases and hypertensive diseases is higher in the group of respondents with the low physical activity. Active smoking and alcohol consumption are not straightly connected with the self-rated health. At the same time consumption of alcoholic beverages increases probability of chronic heart diseases, chronic liver diseases and arterial hypertension; smoking increases the probability of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The risk factors of cardiovascular disorders in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases

The purpose was to determine the features of cardiovascular system morphofunctional state and the risk factors for cardiovascular disorders formation in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.Materials and methods. We examined 144 patients aged 3–16 years (mean age was 11.3 ± 1.2 years) with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology (60 patients with cystic fibrosis with pancreatic insufficiency and 84 patients with heavily treated or partially treated persistent bronchial asthma) and 68 conditionally healthy children who made up the control group. A complex of functional methods for cardiovascular system studying in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases included: echodopplercardiography with determination of left ventricular myocardium geometry, Holter monitoring of cardiac activity, duplex scanning of the common carotid artery by intima-media thickness measuring of the common carotid artery wall and examining the index of endothelial stress shift. To determine the risk factors for cardiovascular disorders development in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, a method E. N. Shigan was used to normalize intensive indicators, based on the Bayesian probabilistic method. A prognostic model of cardiovascular disorders development was obtained using the exponential regression equation for patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.Results. According to results of the study it has been found that there is a structural and functional restructuring of the left ventricular myocardium on the background of the cardiac activity vegetative regulation violation and vascular remodeling in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. The definition of risk factors for cardiovascular complications development in children with bronchial asthma has showed the followings: the presence of chronic infection (OR = 8.4), the age of child from 3 to 6 years (OR = 4.9), the disease duration more than 3 years (OR = 2.3), the circadian index value less than 1,2 units (OR = 3.1) and QTc interval prolongation more than 420 ms (OR = 2.1). The main risk factors for cardiovascular disorders formation in the group of children with cystic fibrosis were the age of the child from 3 to 6 years (OR = 4.0), contamination of the respiratory tract by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR = 4.0), severe course of the disease (OR = 3.3), the presence of chronic infection (OR = 6.0), the body mass index less than P50 (OR = 4.2) and the QTc interval duration more than 420 ms (OR = 1.4). The risk of cardiovascular complications was increased with the presence of 3 or more risk factors that confirmed by the equation of exponential regression in the group of patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.Conclusions. The development of cardiovascular complications is caused by a combination of many factors in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. It is necessary to include into the algorithm for examination heart echodopplerography, Holter heart rate monitoring, duplex scanning of the common carotid artery with determination of the endothelial stress index shift and intima-media thickness at least twice a year for the purpose of cardiovascular disorders early diagnosis in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, having 3 or more risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Timely detection of a risk group for cardiovascular disorders development will allow the full implementation of preventive measures and medications for cardiovascular disorders correcting in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

COMBINATION HERBAL EXPECTORANTS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

Cough is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical treatment, and there are many reasons for its occurrence. Conventional expectorants are the most widely used medications in paediatric practice to this day, among which one may identify a large group of drugs with reflexive action that usually contain plant-derived substances. The article reviews present-day knowledge on the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of these drugs, provides practical recommendations on the rational use of expectorant therapy for bronchopulmonary diseases in children. It is known that the efficacy of treatment with medicinal plants is caused by their complex multicomponent composition. The use of combination drugs that have a simultaneous effect on various pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammation and coughing is becoming a promising area of mucoactive therapy. Due to relative safety, affordability and efficacy, the modern official herbal medicine is increasingly becoming the subject of informed choice in paediatric practice.

О ВЕДУЩЕЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ВРЕДНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРУДА РАБОТНИЦ, ЗАНЯТЫХ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЕМ УТОК

There were studied the working conditions of duck-rearing workers. It is proved that occupational hazards are presented by a combined effect of the dust of plants and animals, as well as biological factor of microbial contamination of the air in the working area. There was identified presence of leading occupational hazards, which is the cause of bronchopulmonary diseases.

Use of videobronchoscopic narrow band imaging compared with white light in diagnosing some bronchopulmonary diseases

ObjectiveNarrow band imaging (NBI) videobronchoscopy is an advanced technique aiming at obvious mucosal vasculature detection. This study investigated its role in diagnosing some bronchopulmonary diseases, compared with white light videobronchoscopy (WLB).MethodsIn this study, we evaluated 30 patients presenting with different bronchopulmonary diseases and 15 controls presenting with chronic cough for at least 3 months. Full airway examination was done by fiberoptic bronchoscopy first under WLB then under NBI. Multiple biopsies were taken from susceptible lesions; pathological interpretation was performed.ResultsIn the present study, the most frequent presentations in CT scan in group A were lung masses in 16 patients. Endobronchial masses were detected in 8 patients by both WLB and NBI, all (100%) were pathologically positive by NBI compared to 7 patients (87.5%) by WLB. Eight patients were presented with peripheral masses, 4 patients (50%) were pathologically positive while none of them (0%) was positive by WLB samples.NBI showed better sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to WLB (100% and 90.0% in NBI and 52.94% and 63.33% in WLB respectively), with similar specificity (76.92%).ConclusionsNBI is a safe and effective modality that can be used in combination with WLB to improve the in diagnosis of different bronchopulmonary disorders particularly lung cancer. It proved to be more sensitive and accurate than WLB alone. NBI could have a better diagnostic yield than WLB for lung cancer especially in peripheral lung masses. NBI is useful for characterization of vascular pattern of malignant lesions of the bronchial mucosa.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ, РЕЗИСТЕНТНЫХ К КРИТИЧЕСКИ ВАЖНЫМ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫМ ПРЕПАРАТАМ

Purpose of the study: To study the prevalence trends in Moscow of resistant to critically important antibacterial drugs of the most relevant strains of microorganisms isolated from patients with tuberculosis during 2015-2017. A multicentre study was conducted of the prevalence of drug-resistant clinical strains of A.baumannii, Acinetobacter spp, P.aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, E.faecium, S.aureus, H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae isolated in Moscow from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchopulmonary diseases during 2015-2017. A high level of prevalence of epidemically significant resistant microorganisms that can significantly complicate the course of the main specific process is established. We used classical bacteriological methods of isolating, identifying and setting drug susceptibility tests by disc-diffusion and other methods.

Coal Terminal in Urban Settlement Posyet (Primorsky Krai, Russia) Causes Micro-sized Pollution of the Atmosphere

The paper presents the results of a study of micro-sized pollution of the atmosphere of the urban settlement Posyet caused by a coal terminal. It was shown that PM10 particles (under 10 μm) in fractions from 21.94 to 45.5% were found at all 20 sampling points in Posyet. It can be noted that, regardless of the distance from the terminal, a single profile of atmospheric particulates with a peak in hazardous micro-sized dimension range is observed at all points of the settlement, which indicates a pronounced negative effect of the open coal terminal on the air in the settlement. The prognosis for bronchopulmonary diseases in the urban settlement Posyet with the current dynamics of coal handling is negative.

Effect of ambroxol on experimentally induced acute oxidative stress in the heart, kidney, and intestine in rats

Background Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) is a frequently occurring phenomenon during abdominal and thoracic vascular surgery, small bowel transplantation, hemorrhagic shock, and surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, carrying high morbidity and mortality. Ambroxol hydrochloride is an active N-desmethyl metabolite of bromhexine hydrochloride. Ambroxol is indicated as ‘secretolytic therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport’. Aim The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of ambroxol on experimentally induced acute organ oxidative stress in the form of remote organ injury including kidney and heart after intestinal IR. Materials and methods Thirty animals were classified into five groups. First group: normal control group, second group: nontreated intestinal IR group (intestinal IR was induced by mesenteric artery ligation), third group: ambroxol pretreated intestinal IR group (35 mg/kg), fourth group: ambroxol pretreated intestinal IR group (70 mg/kg), fifth group: ambroxol pretreated intestinal IR group (140 mg/kg). Results Ambroxol significantly reduced the malondialdehyde level in the heart and the kidney when compared with intestinal IR with no medication group. It also improved cardiac troponin and, kidney functions (urea and creatinine) and histopathological affection when compared with intestinal IR with no medication group. Conclusively, in this study ambroxol could have a protective effect against intestinal IR through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect.

Common variable immune deficiency in adults: focus on pulmonary complications

Common variable immune deficiency is the most common form of a group of primary immunodeficiencies in adult patients. Pulmonary complications occupy leading positions. It is the development of recurrent bronchopulmonary inflammatory diseases that is considered to be one of the main causes of death and disability in patients with this disease. By presenting two clinical cases with long diagnostic delays, the authors try to attract the attention of specialists of related professions, which will minimize the development of irreversible complications in the patients.

The mathematical pathogenetic factors analysis of acute inflammatory diseases development of bronchopulmonary system among infants

The purpose . To study structure and to establish associative interaction of pathogenetic links of acute diseases development of bronchopulmonary system in infants. Materials and methods . The examination group consisted of 59 infants (average age 13.8 ± 1.4 months) sick with acute inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases. Also we tested level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(ОН)D), vitamin D-binding protein, hBPI, cathelicidin LL-37, s1-defensins, lactoferrin in blood serum with help of immunoenzymometric analysis. Selection of prognostically important pathogenetic factors of acute bronchopulmonary disease among infants was conducted using ROC-analysis. The procedure for classifying objects was carried out using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by method of Centroid-based clustering. Results . Based on results of ROC-analysis were selected 15 potential predictors of development of acute inflammatory diseases of bronchopulmonary system among infants. The analysis made it possible to determine 6 main components . The biggest influence in development of disease was made by the anemia factor, the of inflammation, the maternal factor, the vitamin D supply factor, the immune factor and the phosphorus-calcium exchange factor” with a load of more than 0.6. The performed procedure of hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed initial role of immuno-inflammatory components. The conclusions . The highlighted factors allowed to define a group of parameters, that must be influenced to achieve a maximum effect in carrying out preventive and therapeutic measures. First of all, it is necessary to influence the anemia factor and the calcium exchange factor, as well as the vitamin D supply factor. In other words, to correct vitamin D deficiency and carry out measures aimed at preventing development of anemia. The prevention and treatment of pathological course of pregnancy will help stabilize the maternal factor in future.

The prevalence of protozoa in the gut of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) with special reference to Lophomonas blattarum

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a common domestic pest, which produces allergens that have been associated with broncho-pulmonary disease. Various protozoan species have been identified in the intestine of this cockroach and it has been hypothesised that these protozoa, or their proteases, may contribute to the burden of cockroach-associated allergens and adjuvants present in domestic dust. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of protozoan species in the intestine of Blattella germanica. German cockroaches were anesthetised and dissected and gut contents are used to produce wet slides for microscopy. Both, Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains were used to confirm correct identification of Lophomonas blattarum. Representatives of four genera of protozoa were identified in 110 cockroaches: Nyctoterus sp. was observed in 91.8% of cases, Gregarina sp. in 64.5%, Amoeba sp. in 25.4% and Lophomonas blattarum in 13.6%. Nyctoterus and Gregarina were statistically significantly more likely to be found in diseased cockroaches compared to Amoeba or Lophomonas. The prevalence of Lophomonas blattarum was similar to that in published studies of a different species of cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Further work is needed to assess the interplay between protozoa, cockroaches and broncho-pulmonary diseases.

Airborne fine particle decreases the cell viability and induces inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells

To investigate the effects of airborne fine particle on cell viability and inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods: Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected by PM2.5 sampler. PM2.5 morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with PM2.5 at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/mL) for 12, 24 or 48 hours, and the cell activity were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The mRNA expression levels of (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor，GM-CSF) and TNF-α were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of GM-CSF and TNF-α. Results: According to SEM, the shape of PM2.5 varied, and the diameter was different and mostly equal to or less than 2.5 μm. CCK-8 assay showed that different concentrations of PM2.5 exposure for 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours resulted in loss of cell viability of BEAS-2B cells (P<0.05). Different concentrations of PM2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression of GM-CSF and TNF-α, and the higher concentration of PM2.5 induced higher expression, which have statistical significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Atmospheric PM2.5 can cause inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. They can reduce cell viability, which may be related to the PM2.5 trigger and aggravation of bronchopulmonary inflammatory diseases.