Bronchitis Patients Research Articles

The association between short-term exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and hospitalization costs for bronchitis patients: A hospital-based study

Ambient carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with bronchitis morbidity, but there is no evidence concerning its correlation with hospitalization costs for bronchitis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short-term ambient CO exposure and hospitalization costs for bronchitis patients in Chongqing, China. Baseline data for 3162 hospitalized bronchitis patients from November 2013 to December 2019 were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association, delayed and cumulative, between short-term CO exposure and hospitalization costs. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed by gender, age, season, and comorbidity. Positive association between CO and hospitalization costs for bronchitis patients was observed. The strongest association was observed at lag 015 days, with per 1 mg/m3 increase of CO concentrations corresponded to 5834.40 Chinese Yuan (CNY) (95% CI: 2318.71, 9350.08; P < 0.001) (845.97 US dollars) increment in hospitalization costs. Stratified analysis results showed that the association was more obvious among those males, elderly, with comorbidities, and in warm seasons. More importantly, there was strongest correlation between CO and bronchitis patients with coronary heart disease. In summary, short-term exposure to ambient CO, even lower than Chinese and WHO standards, can be associated with increased hospitalization costs for bronchitis. Controlling CO exposure can be helpful to reduce medical burden associated with bronchitis patients. The results also suggest that when setting air quality standards and formulating preventive measures, susceptible subpopulations ought to be considered.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between chronic bronchitis and non-chronic bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundChronic bronchitis (CB) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics that distinguish chronic bronchitis (CB) from non-CB. In addition, the features of mild CB versus severe CB were compared and a cut-off level was defined according to CAT1 and CAT2 scores.MethodsThis study was based on the Korea COPD Subgroup Study (KOCOSS) database, constructed in a multicenter COPD cohort study that recruited patients from 54 centers. CB was defined as CAT1 and CAT2 scores ≥ 3; severe CB was defined as CAT1 and CAT2 scores ≥ 4, while mild CB was defined as either a CAT1 or a CAT2 score < 4. Baseline characteristics, 1-year exacerbation rate, and 3-year FEV1 decline were compared in non-CB versus CB patients and in patients with mild CB versus severe CB.ResultsAmong the 2162 patients enrolled in this study, 497 (23%) had CB. These patients were more likely than non-CB patients to be current smokers; they also had higher symptom and depression/anxiety scores. Lung function tests showed lower FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and DLco values in CB patients. Among CB patients, 67.6% had mild disease. Symptom and depression/anxiety scores were worse in patients with severe CB than in patients with mild CB. There were no significant differences in the lung function tests of the two groups. Analysis of 1-year exacerbation rates in CB patients and non-CB patients revealed that patients with CB more frequently had moderate-to-severe exacerbations (OR = 1.46, p < 0.01). More severe exacerbation was also present in patients with severe CB than in patients with mild CB (OR = 2.52, p = 0.01). The difference in annual FEV1 decline rate did not significantly differ either between CB patients and non-CB patients or between patients with severe CB and patients with mild CB.ConclusionsCB patients had worse symptoms and lung function than non-CB patients; CB patients also had more frequent moderate-to-severe exacerbation. Patients with severe CB had higher symptom scores and more frequent severe exacerbation than did patients with mild CB.

The clinical population pharmacokinetics, metabolomics and therapeutic analysis of alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris leaves in acute bronchitis patients

BackgroundCapsule of alkaloids from leaf of Alstonia scholaris (CALAS) is a new investigational botanical drug (No. 2011L01436) for respiratory disease. Clinical population pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolomics and therapeutic data are essential to guide dosing in patients. Previous research has demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of CALAS on acute bronchitis. Further clinical trial data are needed to verify its clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics behavior, and influence of dosage and other factors. PurposeTo verify the clinical efficacy and explore the potential biomarkers related to CALAS treatment for acute bronchitis. Materials and Methods: Oral CALAS was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-five eligible patients were randomly assigned to four cohorts to receive 20, 40 or 80 mg, of CALAS three times daily for seven days, or placebo. Each CALAS cohort included 15 subjects, and the placebo group included 10 subjects. A population PK model of CALAS was developed using plasma with four major alkaloid components. Metabolomics analysis was performed to identify biomarkers correlated with the therapeutic effect of CALAS, and efficacy and safety were assessed based on clinical symptoms and adverse events. ResultsThe symptoms of acute bronchitis were alleviated by CALAS treatment without serious adverse events or clinically significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiography or upper abdominal Doppler ultrasonography. Moreover, one compartment model with first-order absorption showed that an increase in aspartate transaminase will reduce the clearance (CL) of scholaricine, and picrinine CL was inversely proportional to body mass index, while 19-epischolaricine and vallesamine CL increased with aging. The serum samples from acute bronchitis patients at different time points were analyzed using UPLC-QTOF in combination with the orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis, which indicated higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and amino acids with CALAS treatment than with placebo. ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and explored the potential biomarkers related to CALAS therapeutic mechanism of acute bronchitis by means of clinical trial combined the metabolomics study. This exploratory study provides a basis for further research on clinical efficacy and optimal dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetics behavior. Additional acute bronchitis patients and CALAS PK samples collected in future studies may be used to improve model performance and maximize its clinical value.

Blood Levels of Indicators of Lower Respiratory Tract Damage in Chronic Bronchitis in Patients with Abdominal Obesity.

Objective: to study biomolecules associated with pathology in the respiratory system, in particular, with the development of chronic bronchitis in patients with abdominal obesity. Materials and methods: This is a pilot study. The main group consisted of 158 people with chronic bronchitis, divided into two subgroups: one with abdominal obesity, and the other without it. The control group consisted of 68 people without chronic bronchitis. We determined the blood levels of SP-A, SP-D, α1-antitrypsin, CC16, PARC, and RELM-β. Results: In the first subgroup, patients significantly more often complained of coughing, experienced shortness of breath 1.5 times more often with light physical exertion and 2.7 times more often with moderate physical exertion. In these patients, a Tiffeneau–Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC) below 70% was 1.8 times more common, more patients had FEV1 and FVC of less than 80%, and presented a statistically significant decrease in SP-A, α1-antitrypsin, CC16 levels and an increase in PARC levels than in the second subgroup. Conclusion: In patients with chronic bronchitis and abdominal obesity, there is a decrease in the levels of SP-A, α1-antitrypsin, CC16 and an increase in the level of PARC compared with patients without abdominal obesity, which is probably due to the presence of an additional source of chronic inflammation associated with adipose tissue.

Association Between Non-obstructive Chronic Bronchitis and Incident Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundChronic bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor respiratory health outcomes. However, controversy exists around whether non-obstructive chronic bronchitis (NOCB) is associated with airflow obstruction, lung function decline, and all-cause mortality in ever smoker or never smoker.Research QuestionThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between NOCB and incident COPD, lung function decline, and all-cause mortality, and to quantify the magnitude of these associations.Study Design and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to October 1, 2021. Eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of the retrieved articles were conducted independently by two reviewers. Studies were included if they were original articles comparing incident COPD, lung function decline, and all-cause mortality in normal spirometry with and without chronic bronchitis. The primary outcomes were incident COPD and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were respiratory disease-related mortality and lung function decline. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.ResultsWe identified 17,323 related references and included 14 articles. Compared with individuals without NOCB, individuals with NOCB had an increased risk of incident COPD (odds ratio: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.21–3.22, I2 = 76.3% and relative risk: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.13–1.85, I2 = 56.1%), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.26–1.51, I2 = 29.4%), and respiratory disease-related mortality (HR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.37–2.59, I2 = 0.0%). Data on the decline in lung function could not be quantitatively synthesized, but the five articles that assessed the rate of decline in lung function showed that lung function declines faster in individuals with NOCB. The mean difference in the additional decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s ranged from 3.6 to 23.2 mL/year.InterpretationIndividuals with NOCB are at a higher risk of incident COPD and all-cause mortality than individuals without NOCB, highlighting the crucial need for strategies to screen for and reduce NOCB risk.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020202837

Grape Wine Chlorogenic Acids Offset The Development Of Metabolic Syndrome

Goal is to evaluate effectiveness of chlorogenic acids (CGA) of grape wines as a part of medical rehabilitation in chronic bronchitis (CB) patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and Methods — Analysis of effectiveness of CGA of dry white wines “Rkatsiteli” and “Rkatsiteli Alma” and liquor red wine “Cahors” as parts of the health resort treatment was carried out in group of 182 patients with CB (42 patients with MS). Results and Conclusion — The beneficial effect of grape wine CGA was manifested in relation to dynamics of triacylglycerol, regardless of presence or absence of MS. The greatest metabolic effect of CGA was manifested in patients with MS with positive effect on dynamics of Quetelet index and cholesterol. The moderate consumption of wines rich in CGA can be recommended to patients with chronic bronchitis as a preventive measure to development of metabolic syndrome.

Observation on the Nursing Effect of Family Centered Nursing Model in Pediatric Bronchitis Patients

Observation on the Nursing Effect of Family Centered Nursing Model in Pediatric Bronchitis Patients

The influence of smoking on the formation of occupational lung diseases in workers who come into contact with industrial aerosols

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important tasks of disease prevention. Among the factors that negatively affect the health of the population, smoking is of great importance. The influence of smoking on the formation of occupational diseases in workers in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions has not been sufficiently studied. Based on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of common diseases, it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that smoking can provoke the development of occupational pathology of the respiratory organs, malignant neoplasms, vascular pathology.The aim of the work was to study the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis, characterizing the state of the bronchopulmonary system, in smokers and non-smokers who had long-term contact with industrial dust, as well as to analyze the literature data on the impact of smoking on the development of occupational lung diseases in workers exposed to asbestos dust.Materials and methods of research. In the clinic “Research Institute of Occupational Medicine named after Academician N.F. Izmerov”, 55 workers were examined under the influence of industrial aerosols of fibrogenic action. The group of smokers consisted of 45 people: 25 people were coal miners, 20 people were foundry workers. The group of non-smokers consisted of 10 people: 6 coal miners and 4 foundry workers. The severity of the course of professional and non-professional chronic bronchitis in patients was assessed taking into account the clinical manifestations and frequency of exacerbations of the disease, as well as taking into account the severity of respiratory disorders and gas exchange disorders.Results and discussion. In the group of smoking patients, 93,3% had occupational chronic bronchitis, 6.7% had no such pathology. In the group of non-smoking patients with and without occupational chronic bronchitis, there were equally – 50,0%. In the group of smoking patients, 55,5 of the examined patients had respiratory insufficiency of the II degree; 15,5% were diagnosed with respiratory insufficiency of the III degree; cases without respiratory function impairment (DN0 art.) were only 8,8%. In the group of non-smoking patients, grade II DN was more than three times less frequent, amounting to 20,0%, while 40,0% had grade 0 DN and 40,0% had grade I DN; grade III DN was never diagnosed in this group of patients.Conclusion. Smoking, as an independent factor, can play a significant, and in some cases, obviously, a determining role in the development and progression of chronic bronchitis in people exposed to industrial aerosols.The health risks associated with tobacco should be taken into account as an integral part of the assessment of the risks of developing occupational diseases.

Inappropriate prescription of intravenous antibiotics at a tertiary children's hospital in China.

Antibiotics are one of the most frequently prescribed medication classes worldwide. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics has increased the risk of drug-resistant infections and associated mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of intravenous antibiotics prescribing in emergency and outpatient departments of a tertiary children's hospital in China. Data on intravenous prescriptions dispensed by the emergency and outpatient department from January 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 were extracted from the information system of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. Prevalence of intravenous antibiotics use and the suitability of intravenous antibiotic prescription were evaluated on the basis of a completed microbiological examination, antibiotics susceptibility testing, and dose prescribed for patients diagnosed with pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) patients. The prescription rate was expressed as the number of intravenous antibiotic prescriptions per total number of prescriptions. Overall, 94.2% of pediatric patients and 78.5% of issued intravenous prescriptions were for antibiotics. beta-lactam antibacterial (90.5%) and macrolides (18.5%) were the most commonly used categories of antibiotics, while cefuroxime (28.8%) was the most used antibiotic. Besides, pneumonia (31.3%), acute bronchitis (14.1%), fever (6.5%), and AURI (5.5%) were the most commonly recorded infections. However, in these four diseases, the rate of conducting microbiological examination was 0.3%, 0.2%, 2.1%, and 2.8%, respectively. Approximately, 52.1%, 40.0%, 40.4%, and 30.5% of intravenous antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriately used in pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and AURI, respectively. Doses higher and lower than the recommended were often for each of these four diseases. The frequency of intravenous antibiotic prescription was high in pediatric emergency and outpatient departments. Inappropriate use of intravenous antibiotics commonly occurred in pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and AURI. Appropriate interventions and prevention strategies need to be developed to curtail inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of COPD screening programs in primary care for high-risk patients in China

We built a decision-analytic model to compare the cost-effectiveness of using portable spirometer and questionnaire to screen chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) with no screening (i.e. usual care) among chronic bronchitis patient in China. A lifetime horizon and a payer perspective were adopted. Cost data of health services including spirometry screening and treatment costs covered both maintenance and exacerbation. The result indicated that portable spirometer screening was cost-saving compared with questionnaire screening and no screening, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of −5026 and −1766 per QALY, respectively. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. In summary, portable spirometer screening is likely the optimal option for COPD screening among chronic bronchitis patients China.

Cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma.

Individual studies have suggested the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement in detecting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in patients with chronic cough. The aim of this study was to clarify a correlation of cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. 25 children with asthma and 15 controls were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement - capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 micromol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement was included. Asthmatic children' (11 boys and 14 girls, mean age 9+/-1 years) and control group (unconfirmed diagnosis of asthma) (6 boys and 9 girls, mean age 8+/-1 years) were included into the study. FeNO vs. C2 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.146, p=0.49); FENO vs. C5 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.777, p=0.71). We found that there is no correlation between cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide either in children with asthma or in the control group.

Roots and leaves extract from Ashwagandha plant uses in influenza virus and Indian traditional system of medicine

Withania somnifera Dunal (Ashwagandha) plant considered as an excellent Rasayana, health tonic and cure for a number of health complaints. Plants is a diuretic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, increasing energy and acts as an adaptogen that exerts a strong immunostimulatory and anti-stress agent. Ashwagandha plant taken for treating cold and coughs, ulcers, diabetes, leprosy, nervous disorders, rheumatism, arthiritis, intistinal infections, bronchitis, asthma, anticancer, HIV-AIDS, Influenza virus, Corona virus, covid-19 and TB patients. According to Indian herbal system of medicine, it is considered one of the most important herbs and best adaptogenic properties. Leaves extract are contains cuscohydrine, anahygrine, tropine, anaferine, aglycosides, withanolides, starch and amino acids. Withanolids alkoliods from roots and leaves consists of steroidal molecules to fight inflammation and stimulates the immune system, increases memory and helps maintain general health and wellness. Plant is known to increase the production of bone marrow and act anti-ageing, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory agents. Its steroidal is much higher than that of hydrocarisone which is common treatment in cancer, TB, HIV, Influenza virus, Corona virus, Covid-19 and AIDS activity. It is also recognized as a blood tonic in gynacological disorders including anemia. Anxiety patients can also benefits from Ashwagandha roots and leaves extracts.

Study of bacterial microbiota in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis

Introduction: Microbiota of respiratory tract may be responsible for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. So the present study was carried out to find out specific bacterial etiological agents’ involvement in acute exacerbation of these diseases. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from patients of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis during acute exacerbation and endotracheal aspirates from control cases were processed to isolate the microbiota of respiratory tract using quantitative methods after liquefying and diluting the samples. Significant and insignificant bacterial counts from the samples were determined. Grading of pus cells and bacterial morphology was seen by Gram's staining. Results: Pus cell grading of 1+ to 3+ were seen in the both cases of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis whereas pus cells were not found in control cases. Percentage of microorganisms by Gram's staining in asthmatics, chronic bronchitis, and controls cases were 93.33%, 86.67%, 76.67% respectively. Among the pathogenic bacteria, percentage of significant count of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia were found to be high in chronic bronchitis cases when compared these pathogens in asthmatics. In bronchial asthma cases, the percentage of significant count of Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirablis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were high as compared to chronic bronchitis cases. In chronic bronchitis patients and asthmatics, significant count of non-pathogens were 16.67% and 13.33% respectively. Conclusion: The quantitative cultures showing significant numbers as 104/ml and 107 /ml of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria respectively are found to be associated with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. Keywords: Bronchial asthma, Chronic bronchitis, Microbiota, Quantitative culture.

Protein-losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis after the Fontan procedure

ObjectivesProtein losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis are severe complications in Fontan circulation, with 5-year survival ranging from 46% to 88%. We report risk factors and outcomes of protein losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis in patients undergoing the Fontan. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 1561 patients from the Australia New Zealand Fontan Registry. Two end points were death and cardiac transplantation examined with Cox regression (if no competing risks) or cumulative incidence curves and cause-specific Cs regression. ResultsA total of 55 patients with protein losing enteropathy/plastic bronchitis were included. Their median age at the Fontan was 5.7 years, and time to onset after the Fontan for protein losing enteropathy was 5.0 years and plastic bronchitis was 1.7 years. Independent predictors for developing protein losing enteropathy/plastic bronchitis were right-ventricular morphology with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome (hazard ratio, 2.30; confidence interval, 1.12-4.74), older age at Fontan (hazard ratio, 1.13; confidence interval, 1.03-1.23), and pleural effusions after Fontan (hazard ratio, 2.43; confidence interval, 1.09-5.41); left-ventricular morphology was protective (hazard ratio, 0.36; confidence interval, 0.18-0.70). In the protein losing enteropathy/plastic bronchitis population, freedom from death or transplantation after protein losing enteropathy/plastic bronchitis diagnosis at 5, 10, and 15 years was 70% (confidence interval, 58-85), 65% (confidence interval, 51-83), and 43% (confidence interval, 26-73), respectively; only older age (hazard ratio, 1.23; confidence interval, 1.01-1.52) was an independent predictor. Twenty-six surgical interventions were performed in 20 patients, comprising Fontan revisions (n = 5), fenestrations (n = 11), Fontan conversions (n = 5), atrioventricular valve repairs (n = 3), and hepatic vein diversion (n = 2). ConclusionsProtein losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis remain severe complications, preferably affecting patients with dominant right single ventricle, with older age at Fontan being a predictor of developing protein losing enteropathy/plastic bronchitis and poorer prognosis. Heart transplantation remains the ultimate treatment, with 30% dying or requiring transplantation within 5 years, and the remaining being stable for long periods.

Biochemical and electrophoretic study for diagnosis of the disease stage in patients with asthmatic bronchitis

BackgroundAsthmatic bronchitis is a chronic allergic airway disease diagnosed after development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms. This study was designed to reveal relation of the different electrophoretic patterns to impairment of the lung functions in patients with asthmatic bronchitis.Materials and methodsPatients were categorized into patients at mild stage (n = 10) and those at severe stage (n = 12) in comparison to healthy group (n = 21). The major blood components, arterial blood gases and electrolytes were immediately assayed in addition to assessment of liver enzymes and kidney functions. The pulmonary indices including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 to FVC and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were assayed. Furthermore, protein, lipid and calcium moieties of native protein patterns in addition to isoenzemes were electrophoretically detected.ResultsIt was found that liver and kidney functions were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in asthmatic bronchitis patients. Ca2+ is the only electrolyte that decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the severe stage. Electrophoretic patterns showed that asthmatic bronchitis disease at mild and severe stages were physiologically similar to control by 54.5 and 75.6% (protein), 73.1 and 41.6% (lipid moiety), 66.4 and 30.6% (calcium moiety), respectively. As regards to electrophoretic isoenzymes, the disease at mild and severe stages were similar to control by 95.2 and 35.4% (catalase (CAT)), 40.1 and 50.5% (peroxidase (POX)), 67.9 and 69.6% (α-esterase (α-EST)), 83.1 and 73.1% (β-esterase (β-EST)), respectively.ConclusionThe native electrophoretic patterns used as diagnostic tool for determining the stage at which the patients with asthmatic bronchitis exist.

Clinical features of occupational chronic obstructive bronchitis

The aim of the study was to analyze the trends of spirometry changes in occupational chronic bronchitis patients during the period of 10 years. It was found out that in 34,1% of 158 patients had transformed into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, regardless of the history of smoking.

HL301 versus Umckamin in the treatment of acute bronchitis: a phase III, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter study

Objective: HL301 is a combination product of seven medicinal plants that has been proven effective in acute bronchitis by two phase II studies. In the present study, its efficacy and safety compared with those of Umckamin in the treatment of acute bronchitis were evaluated in phase III, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial design.Methods: A total of 246 acute bronchitis patients were randomized to receive either HL301 (600 mg/day) or Umckamin (333 mg/day) for seven days. The primary outcome was the difference in their baseline (visit 2) and end of treatment (visit 3) bronchitis severity score (BSS). Other efficacy variables included the change in each BSS component (cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest pain, and crackle), response rate, improvement rate, and satisfaction rate with treatment.Results: A full analysis set and per protocol set analysis of both groups revealed that the difference of BSS between visit 2 and visit 3 in the HL301 and Umckamin group was not significantly different (4.58 ± 1.79 versus 4.29 ± 1.88, p = .37 and 4.60 ± 1.81 versus 4.33 ± 1.88, p = .42, respectively). The change in five BSS components (cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest pain, and crackle) of the HL301 and Umckamin groups did not differ after treatment. HL301 or Umckamin treated participants showed an equal level of response, improvement, and satisfaction rates with treatment. Both the HL301 group and Umckamin group showed the same safety profile.Conclusions: HL301 (600 mg/day) was as effective and safe as Umckamin (333 mg/day) in treating acute bronchitis.

Заболевания органов дыхания и гипераммониемия

Study Objective: To assess the incidence of hyperammoniemia in respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods. 36 patients with respiratory diseases took part in the study: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21 (58.3%) patients), chronic bronchitis (5 (13.9%) patients), and pneumonia (10 (27.8%) patients). Mean age was 66.8 ± 11.8 years; 9 (25.0%) females and 27 (75.0%) males. Each patient had his/her capillary ammonia measured (microdiffusion). In order to assess the nutrition status, all patients had their primary somatometry measured: height, weight, body mass index, inactive arm circumference, waist circumference, skin-fat rolls thickness under biceps, above triceps, below shoulder blade angle, in inguinal region. Study Results. 9 (25.0%) out of 36 patients had hyperammoniemia (capillary ammonia level: 74.0 ± 7.1 nmol/L); their mean age was 62.3 ± 18.2 years. Patients with COPD/chronic bronchitis had significantly higher ammonia concentration (60.7 ± 16.6 mol/L) vs. patients with pneumonia (48.4 ± 14.3 mol/L; t = 2.2, p &lt; 0.03). COPD patients demonstrated significant differences in ammonia levels depending on duration of disease. In the group of higher ammonia concentration, COPD lasted significantly longer (t = 4.03 p = 0.001). We did not find any sound correlation between nutritional (trophological) status and ammonia concentrations in patients with respiratory diseases (t &lt; 2, p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion. In 25% of cases, respiratory diseases were associated with hyperammoniemia that is non-cirrhotic, because hepatobiliary disorders in this group of patients were an exclusion criterion. Although no statistically significant correlation between non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia and nutritional (trophological) status was demonstrated, pathogenic relations between them cannot be ruled out. Whether underweight is a determining factor in non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia is still unclear and requires further research and more observations. Keywords: ammonia, non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia, nutritional (trophological) status, respiratory diseases.

Value of ambroxol in the treatment of asthmatic bronchitis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol in the treatment of asthmatic bronchitis.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with asthmatic bronchitis who were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table method, 60 in each group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with ambroxol in addition to conventional treatment. The therapeutic effect, disappearance time of symptoms and signs and the recovery of pulmonary function were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%, and that of the control group was 73.3%. The control effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The disappearance time of symptoms of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, and the recovery of pulmonary function was better; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:For asthmatic bronchitis patients, addition of ambroxol to conventional treatment can improve the therapeutic effect, shorten the disappearance time of clinical signs and symptoms, and promote the recovery of patients, which is worth clinical application.

Impact of Thera-Pep and Forced Expiratory Technique in Chronic Bronchitis Patients

Aim: To study the impact of Thera-Pep and Forced Expiratory Technique in Chronic Bronchitis patients. Objectives: To find the effect of Thera-pep device in mobilizing secretion. To find the effect of forced expiratory technique in mobilizing secretion and To compare the effect of Thera-pep and forced expiratory technique in chronic bronchitis patients. Materials and Method: 54 patients were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomized by chit method into two groups. Group A (Forced Expiratory technique with coughing) and Group B (Thera-PEP device with coughing) - with 27 patients in each group. All the patients were assessed with Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The treatment was given for twice a day for 6 days a week for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, effect of interventions were assessed by 6MWT and PEFR. Results: There was no significant difference in 6MWT and PEFR score in comparison of both experimental and conventional intervention. The inter group values of 6MWT and PEFR showed significant improvement in chronic bronchitis patients. The intra group values of 6MWT and PEFR showed no significant improvement in comparison of the techniques in chronic bronchitis patients. Conclusion: Both the techniques are effective on removal and mobilizing of secretion individually in chronic bronchitis patients. However, the techniques when compared with each other were equally effective and there was no significant difference between each other.